الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب العتقBook of Emancipation
بَابُ جَوَازِ ضَرْبِ الْمَمْلُوكِ عَلَى قَدْرِ ذَنْبِهِ وَالتَّشْدِيدِ فِيمَا زَادَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ
Chapter on the Permissibility of Beating a Slave According to His Sin and the Severity of Exceeding That
Hadith 5235
عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَعَنْ بَعْضِ شُيُوخِهِمْ أَنَّ زِيَادًا مَوْلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّادِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ حَدَّثَهُمْ عَمَّنْ حَدَّثَهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ جَلَسَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ لِي مَمْلُوكِينَ يَكْذِبُونَنِي وَيَخُونُونَنِي وَيَعْصُونَنِي وَأَضْرِبُهُمْ وَأَسُبُّهُمْ فَكَيْفَ أَنَا مِنْهُمْ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُحْسَبُ مَا خَانُوكَ وَعَصَوْكَ وَيُكَذِّبُونَكَ وَعِقَابُكَ إِيَّاهُمْ إِنْ كَانَ دُونَ ذُنُوبِهِمْ كَانَ فَضْلًا لَكَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَإِنْ كَانَ عِقَابُكَ إِيَّاهُمْ بِقَدْرِ ذُنُوبِهِمْ كَانَ كَفَافًا لَا لَكَ وَلَا عَلَيْكَ وَإِنْ كَانَ عِقَابُكَ إِيَّاهُمْ فَوْقَ ذُنُوبِهِمْ اقْتُصَّ لَهُمْ مِنْكَ الْفَضْلُ الَّذِي بَقِيَ قِبَلَكَ فَجَعَلَ الرَّجُلُ يَبْكِي بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَيَهْتِفُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا لَهُ مَا يَقْرَأُ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ {وَنَضَعُ الْمَوَازِينَ الْقِسْطَ لِيَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ فَلَا تُظْلَمُ نَفْسٌ شَيْئًا وَإِنْ كَانَ مِثْقَالَ حَبَّةٍ مِنْ خَرْدَلٍ أَتَيْنَا بِهَا وَكَفَى بِنَا حَاسِبِينَ} فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا أَجِدُ شَيْئًا خَيْرًا مِنْ فِرَاقِ هَؤُلَاءِ يَعْنِي عَبِيدَهُ إِنِّي أُشْهِدُكَ أَنَّهُمْ أَحْرَارٌ كُلُّهُمْ
It is narrated from Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), a narrator says: Some of our elders have narrated to us that it is narrated from Ziyad, the slave of Abdullah bin Abbad, and he narrates from a Companion that a man came and sat before the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: O Messenger of Allah! I have some slaves, they lie to me, betray me, and disobey me. Then I beat them and abuse them. Now, what is the matter between me and them? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: Punishing them for their betrayal, disobedience, and lying—if this punishment is less than their crime, then you will have superiority over them; if this punishment is equal to their sins, then the matter will be even, there will be nothing in your favor nor against you; but if this punishment exceeds their crime, then you will be requited for the excess punishment. Hearing this, the man began to cry and wail before the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: What has happened to him, has he not read the saying of Allah Almighty: {وَنَضَعُ الْمَوَازِینَ الْقِسْطَ لِیَوْمِ الْقِیَامَۃِ فَلَا تُظْلَمُ نَفْسٌ شَیْئًا وَإِنْ کَانَ مِثْقَالَ حَبَّۃٍ مِنْ خَرْدَلٍ أَتَیْنَا بِہَا وَکَفٰی بِنَا حَاسِبِینَ} … And We shall set up just balances on the Day of Resurrection, so that no soul will be wronged in anything. And if there be (even) the weight of a mustard seed, We will bring it forth. And sufficient are We as Reckoners. (Surah Al-Anbiya: 47) Hearing this, the man said: O Messenger of Allah! To me, it is better that I separate from these slaves. Now, I make you a witness that all of them are free.
Hadith 5236
عَنْ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ بَيْنَا أَنَا أَضْرِبُ مَمْلُوكًا لِي إِذَا رَجُلٌ يُنَادِي مِنْ خَلْفِي اعْلَمْ يَا أَبَا مَسْعُودٍ اعْلَمْ يَا أَبَا مَسْعُودٍ فَالْتَفَتُّ فَإِذَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ وَاللَّهِ لَلَّهُ أَقْدَرُ عَلَيْكَ مِنْكَ عَلَى هَذَا قَالَ فَحَلَفْتُ لَا أَضْرِبُ مَمْلُوكًا لِي أَبَدًا
Narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Mas’ud (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: I was beating one of my slaves when a man called out to me from behind and said: Abu Mas’ud! Be mindful, Abu Mas’ud! Be mindful. When I turned towards him, I saw that it was the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: By Allah! As much power as you have over this slave, Allah Almighty has more power over you than that. Hearing this, I swore that I would never beat any slave again.
Hadith 5237
عَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَضْرِبُ غُلَامًا لَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَاللَّهِ لَلَّهُ أَقْدَرُ عَلَيْكَ مِنْكَ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ فَإِنِّي أُعْتِقُهُ لِوَجْهِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ
(Second chain) It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) that he was beating his slave. The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: By Allah! Allah Almighty has more power over you than you have over him. He said: O Messenger of Allah! I free him for the pleasure of Allah Almighty.
Hadith 5238
عَنْ زَاذَانَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّهُ دَعَا غُلَامًا لَهُ فَأَعْتَقَهُ فَقَالَ مَا لِي مِنْ أَجْرِهِ مِثْلُ هَذَا لِشَيْءٍ رَفَعَهُ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ مَنْ لَطَمَ غُلَامَهُ فَكَفَّارَتُهُ عِتْقُهُ
Zadhan says that Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) called one of his slaves and set him free, and while picking up something from the ground and pointing towards it, he said: In this act, there is not even as much reward for me, because I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say that whoever slaps his slave, its expiation is that he should set him free.
Hadith 5239
عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ حَكَمٍ السَّلَمِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فِي حَدِيثٍ لَهُ قَالَ وَكَانَتْ لِي جَارِيَةٌ تَرْعَى غَنَمًا لِي فِي قِبَلِ أُحُدٍ وَالْجَوَّانِيَّةِ فَاطَّلَعْتُهَا ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ فَإِذَا الذِّئْبُ قَدْ ذَهَبَ بِشَاةٍ مِنْ غَنَمِهَا وَأَنَا رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي آدَمَ آسَفُ كَمَا يَأْسَفُونَ لَكِنِّي صَكَكْتُهَا صَكَّةً فَأَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَعَظَّمَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيَّ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَفَلَا أُعْتِقُهَا قَالَ ائْتِنِي بِهَا فَأَتَيْتُهُ بِهَا فَقَالَ لَهَا أَيْنَ اللَّهُ فَقَالَتْ فِي السَّمَاءِ قَالَ مَنْ أَنَا قَالَتْ أَنْتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ قَالَ أَعْتِقْهَا فَإِنَّهَا مُؤْمِنَةٌ وَقَالَ مَرَّةً هِيَ مُؤْمِنَةٌ فَأَعْتِقْهَا
Sayyiduna Muawiyah bin Hakam Sulami (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates one of his hadiths: I had a slave girl who used to graze my sheep towards Uhud and Jawaniyah. One day, when I made a sudden visit to her, I saw that a wolf had taken away one of the sheep. I am a human being and, like humans, I get angry, so I struck her forcefully. When I came to the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) and related this incident to him, he considered my striking her to be a very grave (offense) on my part. I said: O Messenger of Allah! Should I not set her free? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Bring her to me. So I brought her to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). He asked her: Where is Allah? She replied: In the heavens. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: Who am I? She replied: You are the Messenger of Allah. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Set her free, for she is a believer. The narrator once reported it in these words: She is a believer, so set her free.
Hadith 5240
عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ قَالَ لَطَمْتُ مَوْلًى لَنَا ثُمَّ جِئْتُ وَأَبِي فِي الظُّهْرِ فَصَلَّيْتُ مَعَهُ فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ أَخَذَ بِيَدِي فَقَالَ امْتَثِلْ مِنْهُ فَعَفَا ثُمَّ أَنْشَأَ يُحَدِّثُ قَالَ كُنَّا وَلَدَ مُقَرِّنٍ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَبْعَةً لَيْسَ لَنَا إِلَّا خَادِمٌ وَاحِدَةٌ فَلَطَمَهَا أَحَدُنَا فَبَلَغَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ أَعْتِقُوهَا فَقَالُوا لَيْسَ لَنَا خَادِمٌ غَيْرُهَا قَالَ فَلْيَسْتَخْدِمُوهَا فَإِذَا اسْتَغْنَوْا فَلْيُخَلُّوا سَبِيلَهَا
It is narrated from Muawiyah bin Suwaid, he says: I slapped one of my slaves, then when I came, my father was leading the Zuhr prayer, I prayed with him, when he finished the prayer, he held my hand and said to the slave: Take retribution from him, but he forgave me. Then he began to narrate this hadith: In the time of the Prophet, we were seven individuals from the descendants of Muqrin, and we had only one slave girl. One of us slapped her. When the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) found out about this, he said: Set her free. We said: O Messenger of Allah, we have only this one slave girl. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Then let these people take service from her, but as soon as they become well-off, set her free.
Hadith 5241
عَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ عَنْ سُوَيْدِ بْنِ مُقَرِّنٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَجُلًا لَطَمَ جَارِيَةً لِآلِ سُوَيْدِ بْنِ مُقَرِّنٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ سُوَيْدٌ أَمَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ الصُّورَةَ مُحَرَّمَةٌ لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُنِي سَابِعَ سَبْعَةٍ مَعَ إِخْوَتِي وَمَا لَنَا إِلَّا خَادِمٌ وَاحِدٌ فَلَطَمَهُ أَحَدُنَا فَأَمَرَنَا النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ نُعْتِقَهُ
(Second Chain) It is narrated from Sayyiduna Suwaid bin Muqarrin (may Allah be pleased with him) that a man slapped a slave girl belonging to the family of Suwaid bin Muqarrin. Sayyiduna Suwaid (may Allah be pleased with him) said to him: Do you not know that the face is sacred? I was the seventh among my brothers, meaning we were seven brothers and we had only one maidservant. When one of us slapped her, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) commanded us to set her free.
