الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب العتقBook of Emancipation
بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي الْإِحْسَانِ إِلَى الْمَوَالِي وَالْوَصِيَّةِ بِهِمْ وَالنَّهْي عَنْ ضَرْبِهِمْ
Chapter on What Has Been Reported Regarding Kindness to Slaves, the Prophet's Advice Concerning Them, and the Prohibition of Beating Them
Hadith 5222
عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ لَا يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ خَبٌّ وَلَا بَخِيلٌ وَلَا مَنَّانٌ وَلَا سَيِّئُ الْمَلَكَةِ وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ الْمَمْلُوكُ إِذَا أَطَاعَ اللَّهَ وَأَطَاعَ سَيِّدَهُ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: The deceitful, the miser, the one who reminds others of his favors, and the one who mistreats slaves will not enter Paradise. And the first to enter Paradise will be that slave who obeys Allah Almighty and obeys his master.
Hadith 5223
عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَا يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ سَيِّئُ الْمَلَكَةِ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَلَيْسَ أَخْبَرْتَنَا أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةَ أَكْثَرُ الْأُمَمِ مَمْلُوكِينَ وَأَيْتَامًا قَالَ بَلَى فَأَكْرِمُوهُمْ كَرَامَةَ أَوْلَادِكُمْ وَأَطْعِمُوهُمْ مِمَّا تَأْكُلُونَ قَالُوا فَمَا يَنْفَعُنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ فَرَسٌ صَالِحٌ تَرْتَبِطُهُ تُقَاتِلُ عَلَيْهِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَمَمْلُوكٌ يَكْفِيكَ فَإِذَا صَلَّى فَهُوَ أَخُوكَ
Narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Whoever mistreats slaves will not enter Paradise. A man said: O Messenger of Allah! Did you not tell us that this Ummah will have the most slaves and orphans? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Yes, but honor them as you honor your own children and feed them from what you eat yourself. The people asked: O Messenger of Allah! What thing can benefit us in this world? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: A fine horse that you have tied up for striving in the way of Allah, and a slave who fulfills your needs, and if he is one who performs prayer, then he is your brother.
Hadith 5224
عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذَا جَاءَ خَادِمُ أَحَدِكُمْ بِطَعَامِهِ فَلْيَبْدَأْ بِهِ فَلْيُطْعِمْهُ أَوْ لِيُجْلِسْهُ مَعَهُ فَإِنَّهُ وَلِيَ حَرَّهُ وَدُخَانَهُ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: When a servant brings food to someone and he begins to eat, he should feed the servant as well or make him sit with him, because the servant has endured its heat and smoke.
Hadith 5225
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذَا صَلَحَ خَادِمُ أَحَدِكُمْ لَهُ طَعَامًا فَكَفَاهُ حَرَّهُ وَبُرْدَهُ فَلْيُجْلِسْهُ مَعَهُ فَإِنْ أَبَى فَلْيُنَاوِلْهُ أُكْلَةً فِي يَدِهِ
Syedna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: When a servant prepares food for someone, he is the one who endures heat and cold for him, so the master should make him sit with him, and if he does not do so, then he should give him a morsel with his own hand.
Hadith 5226
عَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ بِنَحْوِهِ وَفِيهِ فَإِنْ كَانَ الطَّعَامُ مَشْفُوهًا قَلِيلًا فَلْيَضَعْ فِي يَدِهِ أُكْلَةً أَوْ أُكْلَتَيْنِ
. (Second chain) There is a similar hadith, except that it states: If the food is little, then place one or two morsels in the servant's hand.
Hadith 5227
عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ جَابِرًا رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنْ خَادِمِ الرَّجُلِ إِذَا كَفَاهُ الْمُشَقَّةَ وَالْحَرَّ فَقَالَ أَمَرَنَا النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ نَدْعُوهُ فَإِنْ كَرِهَ أَحَدُنَا أَنْ يَطْعَمَ مَعَهُ فَلْيُطْعِمْهُ أُكْلَةً فِي يَدِهِ
It is narrated from Abu Zubair that he asked Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) about the servant who suffices the master with labor and heat. He said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) commanded us to call him, and if he dislikes to share the food with him, then give him a morsel in his hand.
Hadith 5228
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ لِلْمَمْلُوكِ طَعَامُهُ وَكِسْوَتُهُ وَلَا يُكَلَّفُ مِنَ الْعَمَلِ مَا لَا يُطِيقُ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: The food and clothing of the slave are the responsibility of the master, and he should not be burdened with work beyond his capacity.
Hadith 5229
عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ أَرِقَّاؤُكُمْ أَرِقَّاؤُكُمْ أَرِقَّاؤُكُمْ أَطْعِمُوهُمْ مِمَّا تَأْكُلُونَ وَاكْسُوهُمْ مِمَّا تَلْبَسُونَ فَإِنْ جَاءُوا بِذَنْبٍ لَا تُرِيدُونَ أَنْ تَغْفِرُوهُ فَبِيعُوا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ وَلَا تُعَذِّبُوهُمْ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Yazid (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said at the occasion of the Farewell Pilgrimage: Take care of your slaves, take care of your slaves, take care of your slaves. Feed them from what you eat yourselves, and clothe them from what you wear yourselves. If they commit a sin which you do not wish to forgive, then sell these servants of Allah and do not punish them.
Hadith 5230
عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ إِخْوَانُكُمْ جَعَلَهُمُ اللَّهُ قِنْيَةً تَحْتَ أَيْدِيكُمْ فَمَنْ كَانَ أَخُوهُ تَحْتَ يَدَيْهِ فَلْيُطْعِمْهُ مِنْ طَعَامِهِ وَلْيَكْسُهُ مِنْ لِبَاسِهِ وَلَا يُكَلِّفْهُ مَا يَغْلِبُهُ فَإِنْ كَلَّفَهُ مَا يَغْلِبُهُ فَلْيُعِنْهُ عَلَيْهِ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Protect your brothers; Allah Almighty has placed them under your ownership. So, whoever has his brother under his ownership, let him feed him from what he eats and clothe him from what he wears, and do not burden him with work that overpowers him. If you do burden him with such work, then assist him.
Hadith 5231
عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ مَنْ لَاءَمَكُمْ مِنْ خَدَمِكُمْ فَأَطْعِمُوهُمْ مِمَّا تَأْكُلُونَ وَاكْسُوهُمْ مِمَّا تَلْبَسُونَ أَوْ قَالَ تَكْتَسُونَ وَمَنْ لَا يُلَائِمُكُمْ فَبِيعُوهُ وَلَا تُعَذِّبُوا خَلْقَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: The servants who are agreeable to your nature, feed them from what you eat yourself, and clothe them from what you wear yourself. And the servant who is not agreeable to your nature, sell him, and do not torment the creation of Allah Almighty.
Hadith 5232
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَا يَقُلْ أَحَدُكُمْ اسْقِ رَبَّكَ أَطْعِمْ رَبَّكَ وَضِّئْ رَبَّكَ وَلَا يَقُلْ أَحَدُكُمْ رَبِّي وَلْيَقُلْ سَيِّدِي وَمَوْلَايَ وَلَا يَقُلْ أَحَدُكُمْ عَبْدِي وَأَمَتِي وَلْيَقُلْ فَتَاتِي وَغُلَامِي
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Huraira, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: None of you should say to a slave: Give water to your lord, give food to your lord, make ablution for your lord. And no slave should say: My lord, rather he should say: My master and my patron. Similarly, no owner should say: My slave (male), my slave (female), rather he should say: My young man, my servant.
Hadith 5233
عَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ لَا يَقُولَنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ عَبْدِي وَأَمَتِي كُلُّكُمْ عَبِيدُ اللَّهِ وَكُلُّ نِسَائِكُمْ إِمَاءُ اللَّهِ وَلَكِنْ لِيَقُلْ غُلَامِي وَجَارِيَتِي وَفَتَايَ وَفَتَاتِي
(Second chain) The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: No master should say: "My slave (male) and my slave (female)," because you are all servants of Allah Almighty and all your women are bondwomen of Allah Almighty. The master should say: "My servant, my maid, my young man, my young woman."
Hadith 5234
عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَقْبَلَ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ وَمَعَهُ غُلَامَانِ وَهَبَ أَحَدَهُمَا لِعَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ وَقَالَ لَا تَضْرِبْهُ فَإِنِّي قَدْ نُهِيتُ عَنْ ضَرْبِ أَهْلِ الصَّلَاةِ وَقَدْ رَأَيْتُهُ يُصَلِّي قَالَ عَفَّانُ فِي حَدِيثِهِ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَالِبٍ عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَقْبَلَ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ وَمَعَهُ غُلَامَانِ فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَخْدِمْنَا قَالَ خُذْ أَيَّهُمَا شِئْتَ قَالَ خِرْ لِي قَالَ خُذْ هَذَا وَلَا تَضْرِبْهُ فَإِنِّي قَدْ رَأَيْتُهُ يُصَلِّي مَقْبَلَنَا مِنْ خَيْبَرَ وَإِنِّي قَدْ نُهِيتُ وَأَعْطَى أَبَا ذَرٍّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ غُلَامًا وَقَالَ اسْتَوْصِ بِهِ مَعْرُوفًا فَأَعْتَقَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا فَعَلَ الْغُلَامُ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَمَرْتَنِي أَنْ أَسْتَوْصِيَ بِهِ مَعْرُوفًا فَأَعْتَقْتُهُ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Umamah (may Allah be pleased with him) that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) returned from Khaybar, there were two slaves with him. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave one slave to Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) and said: Do not beat him, for I have been forbidden from beating those who pray, and I have seen him performing prayer. The words of the narrator ‘Affan are as follows: The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) returned from Khaybar and there were two slaves with him. Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah! Please give us a servant as well. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Take whichever of them you wish. But Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: You choose for me. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Take this one, for I saw him performing prayer upon returning from Khaybar, and I have been forbidden from beating those who pray. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave the other slave to Sayyiduna Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) and said: Accept a good will regarding him. He set him free. Then when the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked him what became of the slave, he said: O Messenger of Allah! You commanded me to accept a good will regarding him, so for that reason I set him free.
