الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب العتقBook of Emancipation
بَابُ فَضْلِ الْعِتْقِ وَالْحَتْ عَلَيْهِ
Chapter on the Virtue of Emancipation and Encouragement for It
Hadith 5207
عَنْ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ السَّلَمِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ مَنْ رَمَى بِسَهْمٍ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فَهُوَ عِدْلُ مُحَرَّرٍ وَمَنْ شَابَ شَيْبَةً فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ كَانَتْ لَهُ نُورًا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَأَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ مُسْلِمٍ أَعْتَقَ رَجُلًا مُسْلِمًا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ جَاعِلٌ وَفَاءَ كُلِّ عَظْمٍ مِنْ عِظَامِهِ عَظْمًا مِنْ عِظَامِ مُحَرَّرِهِ مِنَ النَّارِ وَأَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ مُسْلِمَةٍ أَعْتَقَتِ امْرَأَةً مُسْلِمَةً فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ جَاعِلٌ وَفَاءَ كُلِّ عَظْمٍ مِنْ عِظَامِهَا عَظْمًا مِنْ عِظَامِ مُحَرَّرِهَا مِنَ النَّارِ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Najeeh Salmi that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: Whoever shoots an arrow in the way of Allah will receive a reward equal to that of freeing a slave. Whoever's hair turns white in the way of Allah, this will be a light for him on the Day of Resurrection. Whoever frees a Muslim slave, Allah Almighty will free every bone of the liberator from the Fire in exchange for every bone of the freed one. Similarly, if a woman frees a Muslim woman, Allah Almighty will free every bone of the liberating woman from the Fire in exchange for every bone of the freed one.
Hadith 5208
عَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ رَقَبَةً مُسْلِمَةً كَانَتْ فِكَاكَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ عُضْوًا بِعُضْوٍ
(Second chain) The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: Whoever frees a Muslim neck, then by this action he will be freed from the Fire; for every limb of the freed one, a limb of the one who freed will be freed from the Fire.
Hadith 5209
عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مَرْجَانَةَ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ يَقُولُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ رَقَبَةً مُؤْمِنَةً أَعْتَقَ اللَّهُ بِكُلِّ إِرْبٍ مِنْهُ إِرْبًا مِنَ النَّارِ حَتَّى أَنَّهُ لَيُعْتِقُ بِالْيَدِ الْيَدَ وَبِالرِّجْلِ الرِّجْلَ وَبِالْفَرْجِ الْفَرْجَ فَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ حُسَيْنٍ أَنْتَ سَمِعْتَ هَذَا مِنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فَقَالَ سَعِيدٌ نَعَمْ فَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ حُسَيْنٍ لِغُلَامٍ لَهُ أَفْرَهَ غِلْمَانَهُ ادْعُ لِي مُطَرِّفًا قَالَ فَلَمَّا قَامَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ قَالَ اذْهَبْ فَأَنْتَ حُرٌّ لِوَجْهِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: Whoever frees a believing slave, Allah Almighty will free every limb of his from the Fire in exchange for every limb of the slave, that is, He will free his hand in exchange for the slave’s hand, his leg for the slave’s leg, and his private part for the slave’s private part. Ali bin Husayn said: Did you hear this hadith from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah, may Allah be pleased with him? Sa‘id said: Yes. So Ali bin Husayn said to his most active slave: Call Mutarrif. When he stood before him, he said: Go, you are free for the sake of Allah Almighty’s pleasure.
Hadith 5210
عَنِ الْغَرِيفِ الدَّيْلَمِيِّ قَالَ أَتَيْنَا وَاثِلَةَ بْنَ الْأَسْقَعِ اللَّيْثِيَّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فَقُلْنَا حَدِّثْنَا بِحَدِيثٍ سَمِعْتَهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ أَتَيْنَا النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي صَاحِبٍ لَنَا قَدْ أَوْجَبَ فَقَالَ أَعْتِقُوا عَنْهُ يُعْتِقِ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ بِكُلِّ عُضْوٍ عُضْوًا مِنْهُ مِنَ النَّارِ
It is narrated from Arif Dailami, he says: We went to Sayyiduna Wathila bin Asqa’ (may Allah be pleased with him) and said to him: Tell us a hadith that you heard from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He said: We brought to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) the case of a man who, because of a sin, had made Hellfire obligatory upon himself. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Free a slave on his behalf; Allah Almighty will, for every limb of the freed slave, free a limb of that man from Hellfire.
Hadith 5211
عَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ بِنَحْوِهِ وَفِيهِ قَالَ فَلْيُعْتِقْ رَقَبَةً يُفْدِ اللَّهُ بِكُلِّ عُضْوٍ مِنْهَا عُضْوًا مِنْهُ مِنَ النَّارِ
(Second chain): A similar hadith is narrated, except that in it the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: He should free a neck; Allah Almighty will make every limb of that neck a ransom for each of his limbs from the Fire.
Hadith 5212
عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ أَعْتَقْتُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ أَرْبَعِينَ مُحَرَّرًا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَسْلَمْتَ عَلَى مَا سَبَقَ لَكَ مِنْ خَيْرٍ
Narrated by Sayyiduna Hakim bin Hizam (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: I had freed forty slaves during the period of ignorance. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: You have entered Islam along with all the good deeds you had performed.
Hadith 5213
عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَيُّ الْعَمَلِ أَفْضَلُ قَالَ إِيمَانٌ بِاللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَجِهَادٌ فِي سَبِيلِهِ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَأَيُّ الرِّقَابِ أَفْضَلُ قَالَ أَنْفَسُهَا عِنْدَ أَهْلِهَا وَأَغْلَاهَا ثَمَنًا قَالَ فَإِنْ لَمْ أَجِدْ قَالَ تُعِينُ صَانِعًا أَوْ تَصْنَعُ لِأَخْرَقَ وَقَالَ فَإِنْ لَمْ أَسْتَطِعْ قَالَ كُفَّ أَذَاكَ عَنِ النَّاسِ فَإِنَّهَا صَدَقَةٌ تَصَدَّقُ بِهَا عَنْ نَفْسِكَ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: I asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), "Which deed is the best?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) replied: "To have faith in Allah Almighty and to strive in His path." I said: "Which slave's emancipation is the best?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The one who is most valuable and expensive in the eyes of his owners." I said: "What if I am not able to do that?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) replied: "Then help someone in distress or do some work for a person who is unskilled." I said: "What if I am unable to do even that good deed?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Then keep people safe from your evil; this too will be a charity from you for yourself."
Hadith 5214
عَنْ مَيْمُونَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ أَعْتَقْتُ جَارِيَةً لِي فَدَخَلَ عَلَيَّ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ بِعِتْقِهَا فَقَالَ آجَرَكِ اللَّهُ أَمَّا أَنَّكِ لَوْ أَعْطَيْتِهَا أَخْوَالَكِ كَانَ أَعْظَمَ لِأَجْرِكِ
It is narrated from the wife of the Prophet, Sayyida Maymunah (may Allah be pleased with her), she says: I freed one of my slave girls. When the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came to me and I informed him about her emancipation, he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: May Allah grant you reward, but if you had given this slave girl to your maternal uncles, this act would have been a cause of much greater reward for you.
Hadith 5215
عَنْ سَعْدٍ مَوْلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا وَكَانَ يَخْدُمُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُعْجِبُهُ خِدْمَتُهُ فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ أَعْتِقْ سَعْدًا فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا لَنَا مَاهِنٌ غَيْرُهُ قَالَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَعْتِقْ سَعْدًا أَتَتْكَ الرِّجَالُ قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ يَعْنِي السَّبْيَ
Mawla Abu Bakr Sayyiduna Sa’d (may Allah be pleased with him), who used to serve the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and whose service was also liked by the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: O Abu Bakr! Free Sa’d. He said: O Messenger of Allah! We have no other servant besides him. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: You free Sa’d, many servants will come to you. Imam Abu Dawud Tayalisi said: By this, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) meant captives.
Hadith 5216
عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ رَقَبَةً مُؤْمِنَةً فَهِيَ فِدَاؤُهُ مِنَ النَّارِ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: Whoever frees a believing slave, it will be his ransom from Hell.
Hadith 5217
عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الْقُشَيْرِيِّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ رَقَبَةً مُسْلِمَةً فَهِيَ فِدَاؤُهُ مِنَ النَّارِ قَالَ عَفَّانُ مَكَانَ كُلِّ عَظْمٍ مِنْ عِظَامِ مُحَرِّرِهِ بِعَظْمٍ مِنْ عِظَامِهِ وَمَنْ أَدْرَكَ أَحَدَ وَالِدَيْهِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يُغْفَرْ لَهُ فَأَبْعَدَهُ اللَّهُ وَمَنْ ضَمَّ يَتِيمًا مِنْ بَيْنِ أَبَوَيْنِ مُسْلِمَيْنِ قَالَ عَفَّانُ إِلَى طَعَامِهِ وَشَرَابِهِ حَتَّى يُغْنِيَهُ اللَّهُ وَجَبَتْ لَهُ الْجَنَّةُ
Narrated from Sayyiduna Malik bin Amr Qushayri (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Whoever frees a Muslim slave, it will be his ransom from the Fire. The words of the narrator ‘Affan are: For every bone of the freed one, every bone of the liberator will be freed from Hell. And whoever finds one of his parents and then does not get himself forgiven (by serving him/her), Allah Almighty will distance him. And whoever takes in an orphan child of Muslim parents, including him in his own food and drink, until Allah Almighty makes that child self-sufficient, Paradise will become obligatory for him.
Hadith 5218
عَنِ ابْنِ مَعْقِلٍ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا أَنَّهَا كَانَ عَلَيْهَا رَقَبَةٌ مِنْ وُلْدِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ فَجَاءَ سَبْيٌ مِنَ الْيَمَنِ مِنْ خَوْلَانَ فَأَرَادَتْ أَنْ تُعْتِقَ مِنْهُمْ فَنَهَانِي النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ ثُمَّ جَاءَ سَبْيٌ مِنْ مُضَرَ مِنْ بَنِي الْعَنْبَرِ فَأَمَرَهَا النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ تُعْتِقَ مِنْهُمْ
It is narrated from Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) that she had to free a slave from the descendants of Ismail (peace be upon him). When prisoners from the Khaulān tribe of Yemen arrived, she wished to free one of those slaves, but the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade her. Then, when prisoners from the tribe of Mudar of Banu Anbar arrived, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) instructed her to free one of those prisoners.
Hadith 5219
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِجَارِيَةٍ سَوْدَاءَ أَعْجَمِيَّةٍ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ عَلَيَّ عِتْقَ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَيْنَ اللَّهُ فَأَشَارَتْ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ بِإِصْبَعِهَا السَّبَّابَةِ فَقَالَ لَهَا مَنْ أَنَا فَأَشَارَتْ بِإِصْبَعِهَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَإِلَى السَّمَاءِ أَيْ أَنْتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ أَعْتِقْهَا
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) that a man brought a black non-Arab slave girl to the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: O Messenger of Allah! I have to free a believing slave. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) asked her: Where is Allah? She pointed towards the sky with her index finger. He (peace and blessings be upon him) then asked: And who am I? She first pointed towards him (peace and blessings be upon him) and then towards the sky. In fact, she wanted to say that you are the Messenger of Allah. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Free her.
Hadith 5220
عَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَثَلُ الَّذِي يُعْتِقُ عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ كَمَثَلِ الَّذِي يُهْدِي إِذَا شَبِعَ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Darda (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: The example of one who frees (a slave) at the time of death is like that of a man who gives a gift after he is full.
Hadith 5221
عَنْ مَيْمُونَةَ بِنْتِ سَعْدٍ مَوْلَاةِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ سُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ وَلَدِ الزِّنَا قَالَ لَا خَيْرَ فِيهِ نَعْلَانِ أُجَاهِدُ بِهِمَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أُعْتِقَ وَلَدَ زِنَا
Sayyida Maymunah bint Sa’d (may Allah be pleased with her), who was a slave woman of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was asked about the child born of adultery. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “There is no good in him. I prefer to strive in the path of Allah with two shoes rather than to free a child born of adultery.”
