Fath al-Rabbani

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Bara’ bin Azib (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) made a treaty with the people of Hudaybiyyah, Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote the agreement. He wrote in the agreement the words “Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah,” but the polytheists said: Do not write “the Messenger of Allah.” If you were, in our view, the Messenger of Allah, we would not have fought you. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him): Erase these words. He said: I will not erase these words. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) himself erased those words, and among the matters on which he made peace with those polytheists was that he (peace and blessings be upon him) and his companions would stay in Makkah for three days and would bring only sheathed weapons with them, and those too in leather bags. The narrator says: I asked: What is meant by “julban al-silah” (leather bags for weapons)? He said: It refers to the bag along with whatever is inside it.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Bara’ bin Azib (may Allah be pleased with him) that on the day of Hudaybiyyah, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) made a treaty with the polytheists on three matters: (1) Whoever from the Prophet’s side comes to the polytheists, they will never return him, but whoever from the polytheists comes to the people of Madinah, they will return him; (2) The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and his companions will come for ‘Umrah the following year and will stay in Makkah for only three days; and (3) They will enter only in such a way that swords and bows, etc., will be in their sheaths.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Quraysh made a treaty with the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), among them was Suhail bin Amr as well. The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him): Write "In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful." Suhail said: "In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful"—we do not know what "In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful" is. Write the words that we know, that is, "In Your name, O Allah." Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him): Write "From Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah." But (Suhail objected to this phrase as well, saying): If we knew that you are the Messenger of Allah, we would have followed you. Write your name and your father's name. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Write "From Muhammad, son of Abdullah." The Quraysh set this condition with the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that whoever from among you comes to us, we will not return him, but whoever from among us comes to you, you will return him to us. Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah! Will you write this clause? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Yes, indeed, the reality is that whoever from among us goes to them, then Allah, the Exalted, will distance him.

A companion of the Messenger narrates that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: Soon the Romans will make a peace treaty with you, then you and they together will fight against a common enemy and you will remain safe and will also obtain spoils of war. Then you will return and camp near a pasture with mounds, where a man among the Christians will raise the cross and say: "The cross has prevailed." This will anger a Muslim, who will stand up and break the cross. At that time, the Romans will act deceitfully and gather for a great war. According to the words of the narrator Ruh: You will remain safe, obtain spoils of war, stay there, and then return from there.

It is narrated from Bajalah Tamimi, he says: Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) did not know about taking jizya from the Magians, until Sayyiduna Abdur Rahman bin Awf (may Allah be pleased with him) testified that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had taken jizya from the Magians of Hajar.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdur Rahman bin Awf (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: When the Magian left from the presence of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), I questioned him. He informed me that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him the choice between paying jizya and being killed, and he accepted the jizya.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that Abu Talib fell ill. The Quraysh came to him, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) also came to visit him. There was space at his head enough for one person to sit, so Abu Jahl got up and sat there. The Quraysh said to him: "Your nephew speaks ill of our gods." He (Abu Talib) said to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "Your people are complaining about you, what is the reason?" The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O my dear uncle! I intend to have them say one word, by which all of Arabia will submit to them and the non-Arabs will pay them jizya." He (Abu Talib) asked: "What is that word?" The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "La ilaha illallah (There is no god but Allah)." Upon hearing this, they stood up saying: "Has he made all the gods into one god?" At that time, these verses were revealed: {صٓ وَالْقُرْاٰنِ ذِی الذِّکْرِ۔ بَلِ الَّذِیْنَ کَفَرُوْا فِیْ عِزَّۃٍ وَّ شِقَاقٍ۔ کَمْ اَھْلَکْنَا مِنْ قَبْلِہِمْ مِّنْ قَرْنٍ فَنَادَوْا وَّلَاتَ حِیْنَ مَنَاصٍ۔ وَعَجِبُوْٓا اَنْ جَآئَھُمْ مُّنْذِر’‘ مِّنْھُمْ وَقَالَ الْکٰفِرُوْنَ ھٰذَا سٰحِر’‘ کَذَّابٌ۔ اَجَعَلَ الْاٰلِھَۃَ اِلٰھًا وَّاحِدًا اِنَّ ھٰذَا لَشَیْئ’‘ عُجَاب’‘} (Sad: 1-5) Sad. By the Qur'an full of reminder! But the disbelievers are steeped in pride and opposition. How many generations We destroyed before them! They cried out, but it was no time for escape. And the disbelievers are amazed that a warner has come to them from among themselves, and they say: 'This is a sorcerer, a liar. Has he made all the gods into one God? This is indeed a strange thing.'"