الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
أبواب الأمان والصلح والمهادنةChapters on Safe Conduct, Truce, and Armistice
بَابُ الْوَفَاءِ بِالْعَهْدِ وَعَدْمِ الْغُدْرِ بِمَنْ عِنْدَهُ امان
Chapter on Fulfilling Covenants and Not Betraying Those Granted Safety
Hadith 5137
عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ بْنِ الْيَمَانِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ مَا مَنَعَنِي أَنْ أَشْهَدَ بَدْرًا إِلَّا أَنِّي خَرَجْتُ أَنَا وَأَبِي حُسَيْلٌ فَأَخَذَنَا كُفَّارُ قُرَيْشٍ فَقَالُوا إِنَّكُمْ تُرِيدُونَ مُحَمَّدًا قُلْنَا مَا نُرِيدُ إِلَّا الْمَدِينَةَ فَأَخَذُوا مِنَّا عَهْدَ اللَّهِ وَمِيثَاقَهُ لَنَنْصَرِفَنَّ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَلَا نُقَاتِلُ مَعَهُ فَأَتَيْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَخْبَرْنَاهُ الْخَبَرَ فَقَالَ انْصَرِفَا نَفِي بِعَهْدِهِمْ وَنَسْتَعِينُ اللَّهَ عَلَيْهِمْ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Hudhayfah bin Yaman (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: The thing that prevented me from participating in the Battle of Badr was that my father, Sayyiduna Husayl (may Allah be pleased with him), and I set out, but the disbelievers of Quraysh captured us and said: Surely you want to go to Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). We said: We are only going to Madinah. Then they took an oath and a firm promise from us by Allah that we would indeed go to Madinah and would not fight alongside him (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). So when we reached the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and informed him of the incident, he (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: Now you go, we will fulfill your agreement made with them and will seek Allah’s help against them.
Hadith 5138
عَنْ سُلَيْمِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ قَالَ كَانَ مُعَاوِيَةُ يَسِيرُ بِأَرْضِ الرُّومِ وَكَانَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُ أَمَدٌ فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَدْنُوَ مِنْهُ فَإِذَا انْقَضَى الْأَمَدُ غَزَاهُ فَإِذَا شَيْخٌ عَلَى دَابَّةٍ يَقُولُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ وَفَاءٌ لَا غَدْرٌ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ مَنْ كَانَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ قَوْمٍ عَهْدٌ فَلَا يَحُلَّنَّ عُقْدَةً وَلَا يَشُدَّهَا حَتَّى يَنْقَضِيَ أَمَدُهَا أَوْ يَنْبِذَ إِلَيْهِمْ عَلَى سَوَاءٍ فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ مُعَاوِيَةَ فَرَجَعَ وَإِذَا الشَّيْخُ عَمْرُو بْنُ عَبَسَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ
Salim bin Amir narrates that Sayyiduna Muawiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) was traveling in the land of Rome, while there was a treaty between them and him. Sayyiduna Amir Muawiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) intended to get closer to them so that when the term of the treaty ended, he could attack them. But an elder, who was riding an animal, said: Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, fulfill the covenant, do not break the covenant. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: If a man has made a covenant with a people, he should neither break it nor strengthen it (for war preparations), until the term is over or (due to fear of their deception) he informs them of breaking the treaty (so that the other party is also equal in breaking the covenant). When Sayyiduna Muawiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) learned of this, he turned back. This elder was Sayyiduna Amr bin Abasah (may Allah be pleased with him).
Hadith 5139
عَنْ أَبِي رَافِعٍ قَالَ بَعَثَتْنِي قُرَيْشٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ فَلَمَّا رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَقَعَ فِي قَلْبِي الْإِسْلَامُ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَا أَرْجِعُ إِلَيْهِمْ قَالَ إِنِّي لَا أَخِيسُ بِالْعَهْدِ وَلَا أَحْبِسُ الْبُرُدَ وَارْجِعْ إِلَيْهِمْ فَإِنْ كَانَ فِي قَلْبِكَ الَّذِي فِيهِ الْآنَ فَارْجِعْ قَالَ بُكَيْرٌ وَأَخْبَرَنِي الْحَسَنُ أَنَّ أَبَا رَافِعٍ كَانَ قِبْطِيًّا
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Rafi’ (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: The Quraysh sent me to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). When I saw him (peace and blessings be upon him), Islam entered my heart. I said: O Messenger of Allah! I will not return to them. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: I neither break agreements nor detain messengers, so now return to them; if the thought remains in your heart as it is now, then come back. Bukair, the narrator, says: Hasan informed me that Sayyiduna Abu Rafi’ (may Allah be pleased with him) was a Copt.
Hadith 5140
عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ مَا خَطَبَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَّا قَالَ لَا إِيمَانَ لِمَنْ لَا أَمَانَةَ لَهُ وَلَا دِينَ لِمَنْ لَا عَهْدَ لَهُ
Narrated from Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, he says: Whenever the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, addressed us, he, peace and blessings be upon him, said: That person has no faith who does not fulfill the trust, and that man has no religion who does not keep his covenant.
Hadith 5141
عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَنْ قَتَلَ نَفْسًا مُعَاهَدَةً بِغَيْرِ حِلِّهَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةَ أَنْ يَجِدَ رِيحَهَا
Narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Bakrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Whoever kills a dhimmi without any right, Allah Almighty will make Paradise forbidden for him in such a way that he will not even smell its fragrance.
Hadith 5142
عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ فِي خُطْبَتِهِ وَهُوَ مُسْنِدٌ ظَهْرَهُ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ لَا يُقْتَلُ مُسْلِمٌ بِكَافِرٍ وَلَا ذُو عَهْدٍ فِي عَهْدِهِ
Narrated by Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said in one of his addresses, while he was sitting leaning against the Ka'bah: "A Muslim will not be killed in retaliation for a disbeliever, nor will a dhimmi (non-Muslim under Muslim protection) be killed during his covenant."
Hadith 5143
عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عِنْدَ حُجْرَةِ عَائِشَةَ يَقُولُ يُنْصَبُ لِكُلِّ غَادِرٍ لِوَاءٌ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَلَا غَدْرَةَ أَعْظَمُ مِنْ غَدْرَةِ إِمَامِ عَامَّةٍ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said near the chamber of Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her): On the Day of Resurrection, a flag will be planted for every deceiver, and there is no deception greater than the deception of the ruler over the public.
Hadith 5144
عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَحْوَهُ
Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) has also narrated a similar hadith of the Prophet.
Hadith 5145
عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ لِكُلِّ غَادِرٍ لِوَاءٌ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يُعْرَفُ بِهِ
Narrated by Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Noble Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: On the Day of Resurrection, every deceiver will have a flag by which he will be recognized.
Hadith 5146
عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِكُلِّ غَادِرٍ لِوَاءٌ وَيُقَالُ هَذِهِ غَدْرَةُ فُلَانٍ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas’ud (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Every deceiver will have a flag, and it will be announced along with it that this is the deception of so-and-so.
