الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
أبواب الأمان والصلح والمهادنةChapters on Safe Conduct, Truce, and Armistice
تحْرِيمُ الدَّمِ بالامان وصحتُهُ مِنَ الْوَاحِدِ ذَكَرًا كَانَ أَمْ أُنْثَى
The Prohibition of Shedding Blood Under a Guarantee and Its Validity from a Single Person, Male or Female
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Hadith 5130
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ يَوْمَ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ مَنْ أَغْلَقَ بَابَهُ فَهُوَ آمِنٌ وَمَنْ دَخَلَ دَارَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ فَهُوَ آمِنٌ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said on the day of the conquest of Makkah: Whoever closes his door will be safe, and whoever enters the house of Abu Sufyan will also be granted safety.
Hadith 5131
عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ تَتَكَافَأُ دِمَاؤُهُمْ وَيَسْعَى بِذِمَّتِهِمْ أَدْنَاهُمْ وَهُمْ يَدٌ عَلَى مَنْ سِوَاهُمْ أَلَا لَا يُقْتَلُ مُؤْمِنٌ بِكَافِرٍ وَلَا ذُو عَهْدٍ فِي عَهْدِهِ
Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: The blood of all believers is equal; even the lowest-ranking believer can grant protection. They are all like one hand against those outside their community. Beware! A believer will not be killed in retaliation for a disbeliever, nor will a dhimmi be killed during the period of his covenant.
Hadith 5132
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ ذِمَّةُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَاحِدَةٌ يَسْعَى بِهَا أَدْنَاهُمْ فَمَنْ أَخْفَرَ مُسْلِمًا فَعَلَيْهِ لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ لَا يَقْبَلُ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ عَدْلًا وَلَا صَرْفًا
Narrated by Sayyiduna Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: The protection (guarantee of safety) of the Muslims is one; even the lowest among the Muslims can grant protection. Whoever breaks the protection given by a Muslim, upon him is the curse of Allah, the angels, and all people, and Allah will not accept from him any obligatory or voluntary worship on the Day of Resurrection.
Hadith 5133
عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الشِّخِّيرِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَتَبَ لِبَنِي زُهَيْرِ بْنِ أُقَيْشٍ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ هَذَا كِتَابٌ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ لِبَنِي زُهَيْرِ بْنِ أُقَيْشٍ أَنَّكُمْ إِنْ أَقَمْتُمُ الصَّلَاةَ وَآتَيْتُمُ الزَّكَاةَ وَأَعْطَيْتُمْ مِنَ الْمَغَانِمِ الْخُمْسَ وَسَهْمَ النَّبِيِّ وَالصَّفِيَّ فَأَنْتُمْ آمِنُونَ بِأَمَانِ اللَّهِ وَأَمَانِ رَسُولِهِ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Yazid bin Abdullah bin Shukhair (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) wrote this message to the Banu Zuhair bin Uqaysh: In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. This letter is from Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), to the Banu Zuhair bin Uqaysh. If you continue to establish prayer, give zakat, and give the fifth (khums) from the spoils, the share of your Prophet, and the chosen portion, then you will remain in the protection of Allah and the protection of His Messenger, in peace.
Hadith 5134
عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ أَجَارَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ رَجُلًا وَعَلَى الْجَيْشِ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ فَقَالَ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ وَعَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ لَا نُجِيرُهُ وَقَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ نُجِيرُهُ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ يُجِيرُ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَحَدُهُمْ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Umamah (may Allah be pleased with him) that a Muslim man granted protection to someone. The commander of that army was Sayyiduna Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah (may Allah be pleased with him). Sayyiduna Khalid ibn al-Walid and Sayyiduna Amr ibn al-As (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: We will not grant him protection. But Sayyiduna Abu Ubaidah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: We will grant him protection, because I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: Any one Muslim can grant protection on behalf of all Muslims.
Hadith 5135
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ يُجِيرُ عَلَى أُمَّتِي أَدْنَاهُمْ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Even the lowest-ranking Muslim can grant protection to my Ummah.
Hadith 5136
عَنْ أَبِي مُرَّةَ مَوْلَى فَاخِتَةَ أُمِّ هَانِئٍ عَنْ فَاخِتَةَ أُمِّ هَانِئٍ بِنْتِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ أَجَرْتُ رَجُلَيْنِ مِنْ أَحْمَائِي فَأَدْخَلْتُهُمَا بَيْتًا وَأَغْلَقْتُ عَلَيْهِمَا بَابًا فَجَاءَ ابْنُ أُمِّي عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فَتَفَلَّتَ عَلَيْهِمَا بِالسَّيْفِ قَالَتْ فَأَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَلَمْ أَجِدْهُ وَوَجَدْتُ فَاطِمَةَ فَكَانَتْ أَشَدَّ عَلَيَّ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا قَالَتْ فَجَاءَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَعَلَيْهِ أَثَرُ الْغُبَارِ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ فَقَالَ يَا أُمَّ هَانِئٍ قَدْ أَجَرْنَا مَنْ أَجَرْتِ وَأَمَّنَّا مَنْ أَمَّنْتِ
It is narrated from Sayyida Umm Hani Fakhita bint Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with her), she says: On the day of the conquest of Makkah, I gave refuge to two of my in-laws and, after bringing them into the house, I closed the door. My own mother's son, Sayyiduna Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him), came and drew his sword against them. I went to the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), but I could not find him. However, Sayyida Fatima (may Allah be pleased with her) was present, but she was even stricter with me regarding my matter than her husband. Meanwhile, the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) arrived, and there were traces of dust on him. When I told him my situation, he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: O Umm Hani! Those whom you have given refuge, we have also given them refuge, and those whom you have granted safety, we have also granted them safety.
