الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب الجهادBook of Jihad
بَابُ مَصْرَفِ الْفَيْءِ
Chapter on the Disbursement of Fai'
Hadith 5063
عَنْ عَوْفِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ الْأَشْجَعِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذَا جَاءَ فَيْءٌ قَسَمَهُ مِنْ يَوْمِهِ فَأَعْطَى الْآهِلَ حَظَّيْنِ وَأَعْطَى الْعَزَبَ حَظًّا وَاحِدًا فَدُعِينَا وَكُنْتُ أُدْعَى قَبْلَ عَمَّارِ بْنِ يَاسِرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فَدُعِيتُ فَأَعْطَانِي حَظَّيْنِ وَكَانَ لِي أَهْلٌ ثُمَّ دَعَا بِعَمَّارِ بْنِ يَاسِرٍ فَأُعْطِيَ حَظًّا وَاحِدًا فَبَقِيَتْ قِطْعَةُ سِلْسِلَةٍ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ فَجَعَلَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَرْفَعُهَا بِطَرَفِ عَصَاهُ ثُمَّ رَفَعَهَا وَهُوَ يَقُولُ كَيْفَ أَنْتُمْ يَوْمَ يَكْثُرُ لَكُمْ مِنْ هَذَا
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Awf bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) that when wealth of fay’ would come to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), he (peace and blessings be upon him) would distribute it on the same day in such a way that the married person would be given two shares and the unmarried one share. So one day we were called, and I would be called before Sayyiduna Ammar bin Yasir (may Allah be pleased with him). So I was called, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave me two shares because I had a family. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) called Sayyiduna Ammar bin Yasir (may Allah be pleased with him) and gave him one share. A piece of a gold chain was left, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would lift it with the end of his staff, but it would fall. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) picked it up, and at that time he (peace and blessings be upon him) was saying: What will become of you when this gold becomes abundant for you?
Hadith 5064
عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ كَانَتْ أَمْوَالُ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِمَّا لَمْ يُوجِفِ الْمُسْلِمُونَ عَلَيْهِ بِخَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ فَكَانَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَالِصَةً وَكَانَ يُنْفِقُ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ مِنْهَا نَفَقَةَ سَنَةٍ وَفِي لَفْظٍ قُوتَ سَنَةٍ وَمَا بَقِيَ جَعَلَهُ فِي الْكُرَاعِ وَالسِّلَاحِ عُدَّةً فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, that the wealth of Banu Nadir was that which Allah Almighty gave to His Messenger as fay’ (spoils of war without battle). The Muslims had not made their horses and riding animals run to acquire this wealth, so this wealth was purely for the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him (and he could dispose of it as he wished). Thus, the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, would keep provisions for his family for one year from it, and whatever remained, he would spend on horses and weapons in preparation for the cause of Allah.
Hadith 5065
عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَوْسِ بْنِ الْحَدَثَانِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ كَانَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ يَحْلِفُ عَلَى أَيْمَانٍ ثَلَاثٍ يَقُولُ وَاللَّهِ مَا أَحَدٌ أَحَقُّ بِهَذَا الْمَالِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ وَمَا أَنَا بِأَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ وَاللَّهِ مَا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا وَلَهُ فِي هَذَا الْمَالِ نَصِيبٌ إِلَّا عَبْدًا مَمْلُوكًا وَلَكِنَّا عَلَى مَنَازِلِنَا مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَقَسْمِنَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَالرَّجُلُ وَبَلَاؤُهُ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ وَالرَّجُلُ وَقَدَمُهُ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ وَالرَّجُلُ وَغَنَاؤُهُ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ وَالرَّجُلُ وَحَاجَتُهُ وَوَاللَّهِ لَئِنْ بَقِيتُ لَهُمْ لَيَأْتِيَنَّ الرَّاعِيَ بِجَبَلِ صَنْعَاءَ حَظَّهُ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ وَهُوَ يَرْعَى مَكَانَهُ
It is narrated from Malik bin Aws bin Hadthan that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) used to swear oaths on three matters and would say: By Allah! No one is more entitled to this wealth of fay’ than anyone else, and I myself do not have more right to it than anyone else. By Allah, every Muslim has a share in this wealth, except for a slave. Yes, according to the details of the Book of Allah and the distribution of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), our ranks are different. For example: one man and his being tested in Islam, one man and his precedence in accepting Islam, one man and his wealth, and one man and his neediness. By Allah, if I remain alive, even the shepherd of goats in the mountains of Sana’a will receive his share, while he is grazing his goats right there.
Hadith 5066
عَنْ نَاشِرَةَ بْنِ سُمَيٍّ الْيَزَنِيِّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ يَقُولُ فِي يَوْمِ الْجَابِيَةِ وَهُوَ يَخْطُبُ النَّاسَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ جَعَلَنِي خَازِنًا لِهَذَا الْمَالِ وَقَاسِمَهُ لَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ بَلِ اللَّهُ يَقْسِمُهُ وَأَنَا بَادِئٌ بِأَهْلِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ ثُمَّ أَشْرَفِهِمْ فَفَرَضَ لِأَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَشْرَةَ آلَافٍ إِلَّا جُوَيْرِيَةَ وَصَفِيَّةَ وَمَيْمُونَةَ فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ يَعْدِلُ بَيْنَنَا فَعَدَلَ بَيْنَهُنَّ عُمَرُ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنِّي بَادِئٌ بِأَصْحَابِي الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الْأَوَّلِينَ فَإِنَّا أُخْرِجْنَا مِنْ دِيَارِنَا ظُلْمًا وَعُدْوَانًا ثُمَّ أَشْرَفِهِمْ فَفَرَضَ لِأَصْحَابِ بَدْرٍ مِنْهُمْ خَمْسَةَ آلَافٍ وَلِمَنْ كَانَ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ وَلِمَنْ شَهِدَ أُحُدًا ثَلَاثَةَ آلَافٍ قَالَ وَمَنْ أَسْرَعَ فِي الْهِجْرَةِ أَسْرَعَ بِهِ الْعَطَاءُ وَمَنْ أَبْطَأَ فِي الْهِجْرَةِ أَبْطَأَ بِهِ الْعَطَاءُ فَلَا يَلُومَنَّ رَجُلٌ إِلَّا مُنَاخَ رَاحِلَتِهِ
Narrated from Nashirah bin Sami Yazni, he says: On the day of Jabiyah, Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) addressed the people and said: Indeed, Allah Almighty has made me the treasurer of this wealth and the one who distributes it; rather, understand that Allah Almighty Himself is the distributor, and now I will begin with the family of the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and after them, with the people of honor. Then he gave ten thousand dirhams to the Mothers of the Believers, except for Sayyida Juwayriya, Sayyida Safiyya, and Sayyida Maymuna. But when Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to treat us equally, he gave them all equal wealth. Then Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: After this, I will begin with the companions who migrated first, because we were driven out of our homes due to oppression and excess. Then, after them, he considered the companions of greater honor, and fixed five thousand dirhams for the Muhajireen of Badr and four thousand dirhams for the Ansar, and gave three thousand dirhams to those who participated in Uhud. Then Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Whoever hastened in migration, his grant will be hastened, and whoever delayed in migration, his grant will also be delayed. Thus, no man should blame anyone except the place where his camel sits (i.e., if someone receives a smaller share due to migrating late, he should blame himself for staying behind).
Hadith 5067
عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا يَقُولُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَوْ جَاءَ مَالُ الْبَحْرَيْنِ لَقَدْ أَعْطَيْتُكَ هَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا قَالَ فَلَمَّا جَاءَ مَالُ الْبَحْرَيْنِ بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ دَيْنٌ أَوْ عِدَةٌ فَلْيَأْتِنِي قَالَ فَجِئْتُ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ لَوْ قَدْ جَاءَ مَالُ الْبَحْرَيْنِ لَأَعْطَيْتُكَ هَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا ثَلَاثًا قَالَ فَخُذْ قَالَ فَأَخَذْتُ قَالَ بَعْضُ مَنْ سَمِعَهُ فَوَجَدْتُهَا خَمْسَ مِائَةٍ فَأَخَذْتُ ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُهُ فَلَمْ يُعْطِنِي ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُهُ فَلَمْ يُعْطِنِي ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُهُ الثَّالِثَةَ فَلَمْ يُعْطِنِي فَقُلْتُ إِمَّا أَنْ تُعْطِيَنِي وَإِمَّا أَنْ تَبْخَلَ عَنِّي قَالَ أَقُلْتَ تَبْخَلُ عَنِّي وَأَيُّ دَاءٍ أَدْوَأُ مِنَ الْبُخْلِ مَا سَأَلْتَنِي مَرَّةً إِلَّا وَقَدْ أَرَدْتُ أَنْ أُعْطِيَكَ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: If the wealth of Bahrain comes, I will give you such and such. After the death of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), when the wealth of Bahrain arrived, Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Whoever has a debt upon the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) or to whom he (peace and blessings be upon him) made a promise, let him come to me. So I went to him and said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to me that if the wealth of Bahrain comes, I will give you such and such. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Then take it. So I took it and found that share to be five hundred dirhams. Then when I came to him, he did not give me anything, then I came again and he did not give me anything, then when I came the third time and he did not give me anything, I said: Either give me or refuse me out of miserliness. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Do you say that I am miserly? What disease can be greater than miserliness? Whenever you asked me, I intended to give you (but finding others more in need, I gave it to them).
Hadith 5068
عَنْ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أُتِيَ بِظَبْيَةٍ فِيهَا خَرَزٌ فَقَسَمَ لِلْحُرَّةِ وَالْأَمَةِ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ وَكَانَ أَبِي رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ يَقْسِمُ لِلْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدِ قَالَ أَبِي قَالَ يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ فَقَسَمَ بَيْنَ الْحُرَّةِ وَالْأَمَةِ سَوَاءً
It is narrated from Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) that a small water skin was brought to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), in which there were pearls. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) distributed it between a free woman and a slave woman. Sayyida says: My father also used to distribute for the free and the slave. The words of the narrator Yazid bin Harun are: He used to distribute equally between the free woman and the slave woman.
