الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب الجهادBook of Jihad
بَابُ إِنَّ السَّلْبَ لِلْقَاتِلِ وَأَنَّهُ غَيْرَ مَخْمُوسٍ
Chapter on the Spoils Belonging to the Killer and That It Is Not Subject to the Fifth
Hadith 5046
عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ رَأَيْتُ رَجُلَيْنِ يَقْتَتِلَانِ مُسْلِمٌ وَمُشْرِكٌ وَإِذَا رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُعِينَ صَاحِبَهُ الْمُشْرِكَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِ فَأَتَيْتُهُ فَضَرَبْتُ يَدَهُ فَقَطَعْتُهَا وَاعْتَنَقَنِي بِيَدِهِ الْأُخْرَى فَوَاللَّهِ مَا أَرْسَلَنِي حَتَّى وَجَدْتُ رِيحَ الْمَوْتِ فَلَوْلَا أَنَّ الدَّمَ نَزَفَهُ لَقَتَلَنِي فَسَقَطَ فَضَرَبْتُهُ فَقَتَلْتُهُ وَأَجْهَضَنِي عَنْهُ الْقِتَالُ وَمَرَّ بِهِ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ فَسَلَبَهُ فَلَمَّا فَرَغْنَا وَوَضَعَتِ الْحَرْبُ أَوْزَارَهَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلًا فَسَلَبُهُ لَهُ قَالَ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَدْ قَتَلْتُ قَتِيلًا وَأُسْلِبَ فَأَجْهَضَنِي عَنْهُ الْقِتَالُ فَلَا أَدْرِي مَنِ اسْتَلَبَهُ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ صَدَقَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَنَا سَلَبْتُهُ فَارْضِهِ عَنِّي مِنْ سَلَبِهِ قَالَ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ تَعْمِدُ إِلَى أَسَدٍ مِنْ أُسْدِ اللَّهِ يُقَاتِلُ عَنِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ تُقَاسِمُهُ سَلَبَهُ ارْدُدْ عَلَيْهِ سَلَبَ قَتِيلِهِ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ صَدَقَ فَارْدُدْ عَلَيْهِ سَلَبَ قَتِيلِهِ قَالَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ فَأَخَذْتُهُ مِنْهُ فَبِعْتُهُ فَاشْتَرَيْتُ بِثَمَنِهِ مَخْرَفًا بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَإِنَّهُ لَأَوَّلُ مَالٍ اعْتَقَدْتُهُ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah, he says: I saw two men fighting, one of them was a Muslim and the other a disbeliever. A polytheist man wanted to help his polytheist companion against the Muslim, but I came from there and struck his hand and cut it off. He then grabbed me with his other hand as if embracing me. By Allah! He did not let go of me until I sensed the smell of death from him. If his blood had not flowed, he would have killed me. Then he fell, and I struck him and killed him. Then, due to being occupied in the fighting, I could not take his spoils, and a man from the people of Makkah passed by and took his spoils. When we were free and the battle was over, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: Whoever kills a person, his spoils will be for him. I said: O Messenger of Allah! I killed a man, but then I got busy in the battle, and now I do not know who took his spoils. A man from the people of Makkah stood up and said: O Messenger of Allah! He is telling the truth, I took his spoils, so please make him pleased with me. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, said: You intend to take from one of the lions of Allah, who fights in the way of Allah, and then you distribute his spoils? Return the spoils of his slain to him. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: Abu Bakr is telling the truth, so return the spoils of his slain to him. Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah, may Allah be pleased with him, said: I took that property from him and sold it, and with its price I bought a garden in Madinah Munawwarah. This was the first wealth I ever owned.
Hadith 5047
عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ مَنْ تَفَرَّدَ بِدَمِ رَجُلٍ فَقَتَلَهُ فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ قَالَ فَجَاءَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ بِسَلَبِ أَحَدٍ وَعِشْرِينَ رَجُلًا
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said on the occasion of the Battle of Hunayn: Whoever kills someone alone, then his spoils will belong to him alone. Sayyiduna Abu Talhah (may Allah be pleased with him) brought the spoils of twenty-one individuals.
Hadith 5048
(وَعَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ) أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ مَنْ قَتَلَ كَافِرًا فَلَهُ سُلْبُهُ قَالَ فَقَتَلَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عِشْرِينَ
(Second chain) On the occasion of the Battle of Hunayn, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Whoever kills a disbeliever, his spoils will belong to him. Sayyiduna Abu Talhah (may Allah be pleased with him) killed twenty disbelievers.
Hadith 5049
عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ نُفَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنْ عَوْفِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ الْأَشْجَعِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ غَزَوْنَا غَزْوَةً إِلَى طَرَفِ الشَّامِ فَأُمِّرَ عَلَيْنَا خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ فَانْضَمَّ إِلَيْنَا رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَمْدَادِ حِمْيَرَ فَأَوَى إِلَى رَحْلِنَا لَيْسَ مَعَهُ شَيْءٌ إِلَّا سَيْفٌ لَيْسَ مَعَهُ سِلَاحٌ غَيْرُهُ فَنَحَرَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ جَزُورًا فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَحْتَالُ حَتَّى أَخَذَ مِنْ جِلْدِهِ كَهَيْئَةِ الْمِجَنِّ حَتَّى بَسَطَهُ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ ثُمَّ وَقَدَ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى جَفَّ فَجَعَلَ لَهُ مُمْسِكًا كَهَيْئَةِ التُّرْسِ فَقُضِيَ أَنْ لَقِينَا عَدُوَّنَا فِيهِمْ أَخْلَاطٌ مِنَ الرُّومِ وَالْعَرَبِ مِنْ قُضَاعَةَ فَقَاتَلُونَا قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا وَفِي الْقَوْمِ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الرُّومِ عَلَى فَرَسٍ لَهُ أَشْقَرَ وَسَرْجٍ مُذَهَّبٍ وَمِنْطَقَةٍ مُلَطَّخَةٍ ذَهَبًا وَسَيْفٌ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ فَجَعَلَ يَحْمِلُ عَلَى الْقَوْمِ وَيُغْرِي بِهِمْ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ ذَلِكَ الْمَدَدِيُّ يَحْتَالُ لِذَلِكَ الرُّومِيِّ حَتَّى مَرَّ بِهِ فَاسْتَقْفَاهُ فَضَرَبَ عُرْقُوبَ فَرَسِهِ بِالسَّيْفِ فَوَقَعَ ثُمَّ أَتْبَعَهُ ضَرْبًا بِالسَّيْفِ حَتَّى قَتَلَهُ فَلَمَّا فَتَحَ اللَّهُ الْفَتْحَ أَقْبَلَ يَسْأَلُ لِلسَّلَبِ وَقَدْ شَهِدَ لَهُ النَّاسُ بِأَنَّهُ قَاتِلُهُ فَأَعْطَاهُ خَالِدٌ بَعْضَ سَلَبِهِ وَأَمْسَكَ سَائِرَهُ فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ إِلَى رَحْلِ عَوْفٍ ذَكَرَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ عَوْفٌ ارْجِعْ إِلَيْهِ فَلْيُعْطِكَ مَا بَقِيَ فَرَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ فَأَبَى عَلَيْهِ فَمَشَى عَوْفٌ حَتَّى أَتَى خَالِدًا فَقَالَ أَمَا تَعْلَمُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَضَى بِالسَّلَبِ لِلْقَاتِلِ قَالَ بَلَى قَالَ فَمَا يَمْنَعُكَ أَنْ تَدْفَعَ إِلَيْهِ سَلَبَ قَتِيلِهِ قَالَ خَالِدٌ اسْتَكْثَرْتُهُ لَهُ قَالَ عَوْفٌ لَئِنْ رَأَيْتُ وَجْهَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَأَذْكُرَنَّ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ بَعَثَهُ عَوْفٌ فَاسْتَعْدَى إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَدَعَا خَالِدًا وَعَوْفٌ قَاعِدٌ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا يَمْنَعُكَ يَا خَالِدُ أَنْ تَدْفَعَ إِلَى هَذَا سَلَبَ قَتِيلِهِ قَالَ اسْتَكْثَرْتُهُ لَهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ ادْفَعْهُ إِلَيْهِ قَالَ فَمَرَّ بِعَوْفٍ فَجَرَّ عَوْفٌ بِرِدَائِهِ فَقَالَ أَنْجَزْتُ لَكَ مَا ذَكَرْتُ لَكَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَسَمِعَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَاسْتُغْضِبَ فَقَالَ لَا تُعْطِهِ يَا خَالِدُ هَلْ أَنْتُمْ تَارِكِي أُمَرَائِي إِنَّمَا مَثَلُكُمْ وَمَثَلُهُمْ كَمَثَلِ رَجُلٍ اسْتُرْعِيَ إِبِلًا أَوْ غَنَمًا فَرَعَاهَا ثُمَّ تَخَيَّرَ سَقْيَهَا فَأَوْرَدَهَا حَوْضًا فَشَرَعَتْ فِيهِ فَشَرِبَتْ صَفْوَةَ الْمَاءِ وَتَرَكَتْ كَدَرَهُ فَصَفْوُهُ لَكُمْ وَكَدَرُهُ عَلَيْهِمْ
Narrated from Sayyiduna ‘Awf bin Malik Ashja‘i (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: We undertook a military expedition towards Syria (this was the Battle of Mu’tah fought in 8 AH), and Sayyiduna Khalid bin Walid (may Allah be pleased with him) was our commander. A man from the supporters and helpers of the Himyar tribe joined us; he came to our place of residence and had only a sword with him, no other weapon. A Muslim slaughtered some camels, and that man kept making excuses until he made something like a shield from the skins of those camels. Then he spread it on the ground and lit a fire on it until it dried, then he attached a handle to it like a shield. Then, according to Allah’s decree, our encounter with the enemies began. Our enemy consisted of Romans and members of the Arab tribe of Banu Quda‘ah. They fought us fiercely. Among the Romans was a warrior who rode a red horse with a golden saddle, the bridle of the horse was also covered in gold, and his sword was similarly golden. He began attacking the Muslims and igniting the fire of battle. The man from the Himyar tribe started making excuses for this Roman, until when he passed by him, he followed him, cut the back knee of his horse, so the horse fell, and he attacked the Roman with his sword and killed him. When Allah granted victory to the Muslims, that man began to ask for the spoils (salb), while people were testifying in his favor that indeed he had killed him. But Sayyiduna Khalid (may Allah be pleased with him) gave him some of the belongings and withheld the rest. Then, when he returned to the residence of Sayyiduna ‘Awf (may Allah be pleased with him) and told him about this, he said: Go back to Sayyiduna Khalid (may Allah be pleased with him); he should give you the remaining share as well. So he went back, but they refused to give him the rest. So Sayyiduna ‘Awf (may Allah be pleased with him) himself went to Sayyiduna Khalid (may Allah be pleased with him) and said: Do you not know that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has decreed the spoils for the killer? He said: Yes, of course, I know. He said: Then what is preventing you from giving him the spoils of his slain? Sayyiduna Khalid (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Actually, I considered this share to be too much (and did not give all of it to him). Sayyiduna ‘Awf (may Allah be pleased with him) said: If I see the face of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), I will surely inform him about you. Then, when they reached Madinah, Sayyiduna ‘Awf (may Allah be pleased with him) sent that man, and he went and complained about Sayyiduna Khalid (may Allah be pleased with him) and sought help from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) called Sayyiduna Khalid (may Allah be pleased with him), while Sayyiduna ‘Awf (may Allah be pleased with him) was sitting. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Khalid! What prevented you from giving this man his spoils? He said: O Messenger of Allah! I considered the spoils to be too much. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Then give it to him. When Sayyiduna Khalid (may Allah be pleased with him) passed by Sayyiduna ‘Awf (may Allah be pleased with him), he pulled Sayyiduna Khalid’s cloak and said: What I told you, I have now fulfilled it for you. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) heard this reproach from Sayyiduna ‘Awf (may Allah be pleased with him), he became angry and said: Khalid! Do not give it to him. Will you not leave my commanders for me? The example of me and my commanders is like that of a man who was told to herd camels or goats, so he herded them, then he set a time for them to drink and brought them to the watering place. They began to drink and drank all the clear water, and the muddy water remained. (Understand that) the clear part is for you and the muddy part is upon my commanders.
Hadith 5050
حَدَّثَنَا إِيَاسُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْأَكْوَعِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ غَزَوْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ هَوَازِنَ وَغَطَفَانَ فَبَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ كَذَلِكَ إِذْ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ عَلَى جَمَلٍ أَحْمَرَ فَانْتَزَعَ شَيْئًا مِنْ حَقَبِ الْبَعِيرِ فَقَيَّدَ بِهِ الْبَعِيرَ ثُمَّ جَاءَ يَمْشِي حَتَّى قَعَدَ مَعَنَا يَتَغَدَّى قَالَ فَنَظَرَ فِي الْقَوْمِ فَإِذَا ظَهْرُهُمْ فِيهِ قِلَّةٌ وَأَكْثَرُهُمْ مُشَاةٌ فَلَمَّا نَظَرَ إِلَى الْقَوْمِ خَرَجَ يَعْدُو قَالَ فَأَتَى بَعِيرَهُ فَقَعَدَ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ فَخَرَجَ يَرْكُضُهُ وَهُوَ طَلِيعَةٌ لِلْكُفَّارِ فَاتَّبَعَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنَّا مِنْ أَسْلَمَ عَلَى نَاقَةٍ لَهُ وَرْقَاءَ قَالَ إِيَاسٌ قَالَ أَبِي فَاتَّبَعْتُهُ أَعْدُو عَلَى رِجْلَيَّ قَالَ وَرَأْسُ النَّاقَةِ عِنْدَ وَرِكِ الْجَمَلِ قَالَ وَلَحِقْتُهُ فَكُنْتُ عِنْدَ وَرِكِ النَّاقَةِ وَتَقَدَّمْتُ حَتَّى كُنْتُ عِنْدَ وَرِكِ الْجَمَلِ ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمْتُ حَتَّى أَخَذْتُ بِخِطَامِ الْجَمَلِ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ إِخْ فَلَمَّا وَضَعَ الْجَمَلُ رُكْبَتَهُ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ اخْتَرَطْتُ سَيْفِي فَضَرَبْتُ رَأْسَهُ فَنَدَرَ ثُمَّ جِئْتُ بِرَاحِلَتِهِ أَقُودُهَا فَاسْتَقْبَلَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَعَ النَّاسِ قَالَ مَنْ قَتَلَ هَذَا الرَّجُلَ قَالُوا ابْنُ الْأَكْوَعِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَهُ سَلَبُهُ أَجْمَعُ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Salamah bin Akwa’ (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: We fought Jihad with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) against Hawazin and Ghatafan. We were sitting at a place when a man came riding a red camel. He took something out from the camel’s saddle and tied his camel with it, then came and started eating lunch with us. He observed our people and saw that our horsemen were few and most of the people were on foot. After making this observation, he ran out, went to his camel, mounted it, and started making it run fast. In fact, he was a spy of the disbelievers. A man from the tribe of Banu Salim mounted his blackish she-camel and chased after him. Sayyiduna Salamah bin Akwa’ (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I ran on my feet. The head of that man’s she-camel had reached the hind leg of the spy’s camel, and I was also catching up from behind and had reached level with the hind leg of his she-camel. I went further ahead and became level with the rear part of the spy’s camel. Then I went even further, grabbed the camel’s reins, and commanded it to sit. When the camel placed its knee on the ground, I drew my sword and struck his head, and he fell down. Then I returned with the she-camel. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was coming from the front with some people. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Who killed this man? The people said: Ibn Akwa’. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: All his spoils are for him.
Hadith 5051
عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ مَنْ أَقَامَ الْبَيِّنَةَ عَلَى قَتِيلٍ فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ
Narrated by Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Whoever establishes proof over his slain enemy, then his spoils will belong to him.
Hadith 5052
عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَتَلَ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْكُفَّارِ فَنَفَّلَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَلَبَهُ وَدِرْعَهُ فَبَاعَهُ بِخَمْسِ أَوَاقٍ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) that he killed a disbeliever, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him the spoils and armor of that disbeliever. Then he sold that armor for five awqiyahs.
Hadith 5053
عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَرَّ عَلَى أَبِي قَتَادَةَ وَهُوَ عِنْدَ رَجُلٍ قَدْ قَتَلَهُ فَقَالَ دَعُوهُ وَسَلْبَهُ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) passed by Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him) while he was present by his slain enemy, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: Leave him and his spoils.
Hadith 5054
عَنْ عَوْفِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ الْأَشْجَعِيِّ وَخَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمْ يُخَمِّسِ السَّلْبَ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Awf bin Malik Ashja'i and Sayyiduna Khalid bin Walid (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) did not take a fifth from the spoils (salb).
