الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب الجهادBook of Jihad
بَابُ فَرْضِ حُمُسِ الْغَنِيمَةِ لِلَّهِ وَلِرَسُوْلِهِ مَا جَاءَ فِي تَقْسِيمِهِ
Chapter on the Obligation of One-Fifth of the Booty for Allah and His Messenger and How It Is Divided
Hadith 5028
عَنِ الْمِقْدَامِ بْنِ مَعْدِي كَرِبَ الْكِنْدِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ جَلَسَ مَعَ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ وَأَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ وَالْحَارِثِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ الْكِنْدِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ فَتَذَاكَرُوا حَدِيثَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ أَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ لِعُبَادَةَ يَا عُبَادَةُ كَلِمَاتُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي غَزْوَةِ كَذَا وَكَذَا فِي شَأْنِ الْأَخْمَاسِ فَقَالَ عُبَادَةُ قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ فِي حَدِيثِهِ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ صَلَّى بِهِمْ فِي غَزْوَتِهِمْ إِلَى بَعِيرٍ مِنَ الْمُقَسَّمِ فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ قَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَتَنَاوَلَ وَبَرَةً بَيْنَ أُنْمُلَتَيْهِ فَقَالَ إِنَّ هَذِهِ مِنْ غَنَائِمِكُمْ وَإِنَّهُ لَيْسَ لِي فِيهَا إِلَّا نَصِيبِي مَعَكُمْ إِلَّا الْخُمُسُ وَالْخُمُسُ مَرْدُودٌ عَلَيْكُمْ فَأَدُّوا الْخَيْطَ وَالْمِخْيَطَ وَأَكْبَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَأَصْغَرَ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Miqdam bin Ma’di Karib Kindi (may Allah be pleased with him) that he was sitting with Sayyiduna ‘Ubada bin Samit, Sayyiduna Abu Darda, and Sayyiduna Harith bin Mu’awiyah Kindi. They mentioned a hadith of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Sayyiduna Abu Darda (may Allah be pleased with him) said to Sayyiduna ‘Ubada (may Allah be pleased with him): O ‘Ubada, regarding the spoils of such-and-such battles, the words of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Sayyiduna ‘Ubada (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Indeed, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) led us in prayer during a battle, while in front of him was a camel from the spoils of war which had not yet been distributed. When he finished the prayer with salam, he stood up, took hold of the camel’s hair between his two fingers, and said: Even this hair is from your spoils, and I have no share with you in this wealth except the khums (one-fifth), and that khums too will be returned to you. Therefore, return the thread and the needle and everything smaller or greater than them.
Hadith 5029
عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ رَأَيْتُ الْمَغَانِمَ تُجْزَأُ خَمْسَةَ أَجْزَاءٍ ثُمَّ يُسْهَمُ عَلَيْهَا فَمَا كَانَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَهُوَ لَهُ يَتَخَيَّرُ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, he says: I saw that the spoils of war were divided into five parts, then those parts were further divided. The portion that belonged to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, he himself would select for it (i.e., he would give to whomever he wished and withhold from whomever he wished).
Hadith 5030
عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ قَالَ سُئِلَ جَابِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا كَيْفَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَصْنَعُ بِالْخُمُسِ قَالَ كَانَ يَحْمِلُ الرَّجُلَ مِنْهُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ الرَّجُلَ ثُمَّ الرَّجُلَ
It is narrated from Abu Zubair that Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) was asked: What did the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) do with the khums? He said: From it, he would give a mount to a man in the way of Allah, then give to another man, and then give to another man.
Hadith 5031
عَنْ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعِمٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ لَمَّا قَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَهْمَ الْقُرْبَى مِنْ خَيْبَرَ بَيْنَ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ وَبَنِي الْمُطَّلِبِ جِئْتُ أَنَا وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هَؤُلَاءِ بَنُو هَاشِمٍ لَا يُنْكَرُ فَضْلُهُمْ لِمَكَانِكَ الَّذِي وَصَفَكَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ بِهِ مِنْهُمْ أَرَأَيْتَ إِخْوَانَنَا مِنْ بَنِي الْمُطَّلِبِ أَعْطَيْتَهُمْ وَتَرَكْتَنَا وَإِنَّمَا نَحْنُ وَهُمْ مِنْكَ بِمَنْزِلَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ قَالَ إِنَّهُمْ لَمْ يُفَارِقُونِي فِي جَاهِلِيَّةٍ وَلَا إِسْلَامٍ وَإِنَّمَا هُمْ بَنُو هَاشِمٍ وَبَنُو الْمُطَّلِبِ شَيْءٌ وَاحِدٌ قَالَ ثُمَّ شَبَّكَ بَيْنَ أَصَابِعِهِ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Jubair bin Mut’im (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) distributed the share of Khaybar among Banu Hashim and Banu Muttalib, I (Jubair) and Sayyiduna Uthman bin Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) went to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: O Messenger of Allah! These are Banu Hashim, their excellence cannot be denied, because of the status Allah Almighty has declared for them through you, but please consider that these, our brothers Banu Muttalib, you have given to them and left us out, while we and Banu Muttalib are at the same position with you (i.e., our degree of kinship with you is the same as theirs). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: These people have not separated from me in the time of ignorance nor in Islam; Banu Hashim and Banu Muttalib are one and the same. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) interlaced his fingers.
Hadith 5032
(وَعَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ) جَاءَ وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ يُكَلِّمَانِ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِيمَا قَسَمَ مِنْ خُمُسِ حُنَيْنٍ بَيْنَ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ وَبَنِي الْمُطَّلِبِ فَقَالَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَسَمْتَ لِإِخْوَانِنَا بَنِي الْمُطَّلِبِ وَبَنِي عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ وَلَمْ تُعْطِنَا شَيْئًا وَقَرَابَتُنَا مِثْلُ قَرَابَتِهِمْ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِنَّمَا أَرَى هَاشِمًا وَالْمُطَّلِبَ شَيْئًا وَاحِدًا قَالَ جُبَيْرٌ وَلَمْ يَقْسِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِبَنِي عَبْدِ شَمْسٍ وَلَا لِبَنِي نَوْفَلٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْخُمُسِ كَمَا قَسَمَ لِبَنِي هَاشِمٍ وَبَنِي الْمُطَّلِبِ
. (Second chain) Sayyiduna Jubair and Sayyiduna Uthman, may Allah be pleased with them both, came to speak to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, because he, peace and blessings be upon him, had distributed the spoils of Hunayn among Banu Hashim and Banu Muttalib. So they said: O Messenger of Allah! You have distributed wealth among our brothers, Banu Muttalib and Banu Abd Manaf, but you have not given us anything, even though our relationship to you is the same as theirs. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: I consider Hashim and Muttalib as one. Sayyiduna Jubair, may Allah be pleased with him, said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, did not give anything from this share to Banu Abd Shams and Banu Nawfal; he, peace and blessings be upon him, distributed this wealth among Banu Hashim and Banu Muttalib.
Hadith 5033
وَعَنْهُ أَيْضًا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمْ يَقْسِمْ لِعَبْدِ شَمْسٍ وَلَا لِبَنِي نَوْفَلٍ مِنَ الْخُمُسِ شَيْئًا كَمَا كَانَ يَقْسِمُ لِبَنِي هَاشِمٍ وَبَنِي الْمُطَّلِبِ وَأَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ كَانَ يَقْسِمُ الْخُمُسَ نَحْوَ قَسْمِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ يُعْطِي قُرْبَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَمَا كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُعْطِيهِمْ وَكَانَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ يُعْطِيهِمْ وَعُثْمَانُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ مِنْهُ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Jubair bin Mut’im (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) did not give anything from the khums to Banu Abd Shams and Banu Naufal, and this wealth was distributed among Banu Hashim and Banu Muttalib. Then Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) also used to distribute the khums in the same way as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) did; however, he did not give to the relatives of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) in the same manner as the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used to give (i.e., the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used to distribute equally, but Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) would give less to some and more to others according to need). Then Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) and Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) used to give a part of this wealth to them.
Hadith 5034
عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلِيًّا رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ يَقُولُ اجْتَمَعْتُ أَنَا وَفَاطِمَةُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا وَالْعَبَّاسُ وَزَيْدُ بْنُ حَارِثَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ الْعَبَّاسُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَبِرَ سِنِّي وَرَقَّ عَظْمِي وَكَثُرَتْ مُؤْنَتِي فَإِنْ رَأَيْتَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَنْ تَأْمُرَ لِي بِكَذَا وَكَذَا وَسْقًا مِنْ طَعَامٍ فَافْعَلْ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَفْعَلُ فَقَالَتْ فَاطِمَةُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنْ رَأَيْتَ أَنْ تَأْمُرَ لِي كَمَا أَمَرْتَ لِعَمِّكَ فَافْعَلْ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ قَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ حَارِثَةَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كُنْتَ أَعْطَيْتَنِي أَرْضًا كَانَتْ مَعِيشَتِي مِنْهَا ثُمَّ قَبَضْتَهَا فَإِنْ رَأَيْتَ أَنْ تَرُدَّهَا عَلَيَّ فَافْعَلْ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَفْعَلُ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ أَنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنْ رَأَيْتَ أَنْ تُوَلِّيَنِي هَذَا الْحَقَّ الَّذِي جَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ لَنَا فِي كِتَابِهِ مِنْ هَذَا الْخُمُسِ فَأَقْسِمُهُ فِي حَيَاتِكَ كَيْ لَا يُنَازِعَنِيهِ أَحَدٌ بَعْدَكَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَفْعَلُ ذَاكَ فَوَلَّانِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَسَمْتُهُ فِي حَيَاتِهِ ثُمَّ وَلَّانِيهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فَقَسَمْتُهُ فِي حَيَاتِهِ ثُمَّ وَلَّانِيهِ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فَقَسَمْتُ فِي حَيَاتِهِ حَتَّى كَانَتْ آخِرُ سَنَةٍ مِنْ سِنِي عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فَإِنَّهُ أَتَاهُ مَالٌ كَثِيرٌ
It is narrated from Abdur Rahman bin Abu Laila, who says: I heard Amir al-Mu’minin Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) say: I, Sayyida Fatima, Sayyiduna Abbas, and Sayyiduna Zaid bin Haritha gathered in the presence of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Sayyiduna Abbas said: O Messenger of Allah! I have grown old, my bones have become weak, and my burdens and hardships have increased, so if you deem it appropriate, please order for me such and such amount of grain. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: We will do so. Then Sayyida Fatima (may Allah be pleased with her) said: O Messenger of Allah! Just as you have ordered for your uncle, if you deem it appropriate, please order for me as well. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: We will do so as well. Then Sayyiduna Zaid bin Haritha (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah! You had given me a piece of land, my livelihood depended on it, but then you took it back from me. If you deem it appropriate, please return that land to me. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Yes, we will do so. Then I (Ali) said: O Messenger of Allah! If you deem it appropriate, appoint me as the guardian of that right which Allah Almighty has granted us in His Book in the form of khums, so that I may distribute it during your lifetime, and so that no one may snatch this right from us after you. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: We will do so. Thus, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) made me responsible for it, and I continued to distribute it during his blessed life. Then Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) kept that right entrusted to me, and I continued to distribute it during his caliphate. Then Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) also appointed me as its guardian, and I continued to distribute it during his caliphate, until the last year of his caliphate began, at which time a great amount of wealth came to him.
Hadith 5035
عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هُرْمُزَ أَنَّ نَجْدَةَ الْحَرُورِيَّ حِينَ خَرَجَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ أَرْسَلَ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ سَهْمِ ذِي الْقُرْبَى لِمَنْ تَرَاهُ قَالَ هُوَ لَنَا لِقُرْبَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَسَمَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَهُمْ وَقَدْ كَانَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَرَضَ عَلَيْنَا مِنْهُ شَيْئًا رَأَيْنَاهُ دُونَ حَقِّنَا فَرَدَدْنَاهُ عَلَيْهِ وَأَبَيْنَا أَنْ نَقْبَلَهُ وَكَانَ الَّذِي عَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يُعِينَ نَاكِحَهُمْ وَأَنْ يَقْضِيَ عَنْ غَارِمِهِمْ وَأَنْ يُعْطِيَ فَقِيرَهُمْ وَأَبَى أَنْ يَزِيدَهُمْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ
It is narrated from Yazid bin Hurmaz, he says: When Najdah Haruri rebelled against the leadership of Sayyiduna Ibn Zubair (may Allah be pleased with him), he sent a message to Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) and asked him about the share of close relatives—according to his knowledge, to whom should it be given? He replied: It is for us, those who are relatives of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) distributed this share among us. When Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) gave us a portion from this wealth and we considered it less than our right, we returned it to him and refused to accept it. The details of the portion that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) offered them were that he would assist those who wished to marry, pay the debts of their debtors, and give to their poor people. He refused to give more than this.
