الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب الجهادBook of Jihad
بَابُ سَبَبِ نُزُولِ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: «يَسْتَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْإِنْفَالِ»
Chapter on the Reason for the Revelation of Allah's Saying: "They ask you about the spoils (al-Anfal)"
Hadith 5024
عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ الْبَاهِلِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ عُبَادَةَ بْنَ الصَّامِتِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ فَقَالَ فِينَا مَعْشَرَ أَصْحَابِ بَدْرٍ نَزَلَتْ حِينَ اخْتَلَفْنَا فِي النَّفَلِ وَسَاءَتْ فِيهِ أَخْلَاقُنَا فَانْتَزَعَهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ أَيْدِينَا وَجَعَلَهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَسَمَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَنْ بَوَاءٍ يَقُولُ عَلَى السَّوَاءِ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Umamah Bahili, may Allah be pleased with him, who says: I asked Sayyiduna Ubadah bin Samit about the verse of Anfal. He said: This verse was revealed about the people of Badr. When we disagreed over the spoils of war and began to behave badly regarding it, Allah Almighty took this matter out of our hands and entrusted it to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him. Then the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, distributed that wealth equally among the Muslims.
Hadith 5025
عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ خَرَجْنَا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَشَهِدْتُ مَعَهُ بَدْرًا فَالْتَقَى النَّاسُ فَهَزَمَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى الْعَدُوَّ فَانْطَلَقَتْ طَائِفَةٌ فِي آثَارِهِمْ يَهْزِمُونَ وَيَقْتُلُونَ فَأَكَبَّتْ طَائِفَةٌ عَلَى الْعَسْكَرِ يَحْوُونَهُ وَيَجْمَعُونَهُ وَأَحْدَقَتْ طَائِفَةٌ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَا يُصِيبُ الْعَدُوُّ مِنْهُ غِرَّةً حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ اللَّيْلُ وَفَاءَ النَّاسُ بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى بَعْضٍ قَالَ الَّذِينَ جَمَعُوا الْغَنَائِمَ نَحْنُ حَوَيْنَاهَا وَجَمَعْنَاهَا فَلَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ فِيهَا نَصِيبٌ وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ خَرَجُوا فِي طَلَبِ الْعَدُوِّ لَسْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ بِهَا مِنَّا نَحْنُ نَفَيْنَا عَنْهَا الْعَدُوَّ وَهَزَمْنَاهُمْ وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ أَحْدَقُوا بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَسْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ بِهَا مِنَّا نَحْنُ أَحْدَقْنَا بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَخِفْنَا أَنْ يُصِيبَ الْعَدُوُّ مِنْهُ غِرَّةً وَاشْتَغَلْنَا بِهِ فَنَزَلَتْ يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَأَصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ فَقَسَمَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى فَوَاقٍ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَالَ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذَا أَغَارَ فِي أَرْضِ الْعَدُوِّ نَفَلَ الرُّبْعَ وَإِذَا أَقْبَلَ رَاجِعًا وَكُلَّ النَّاسِ نَفَلَ الثُّلُثَ وَكَانَ يَكْرَهُ الْأَنْفَالَ وَيَقُولُ لِيَرُدَّ قَوِيُّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَى ضَعِيفِهِمْ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna ‘Ubada bin Samit (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: We went out with the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), I was with him in the Battle of Badr. When the people confronted each other, Allah Almighty defeated the enemies. A part of the Islamic army pursued the enemies, defeating and killing them, another part fell upon the spoils of war and began to collect them, and a part surrounded the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) so that the enemy would not take advantage of any negligence and harm him. This continued until night fell and all the people returned. Those who had collected the spoils said: We have gathered this wealth, no one else has any share in it. The group that pursued the enemy said: You are not more entitled to this wealth than us; we drove the enemy away from this wealth and defeated them. And those who protected the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: You are not more entitled to this wealth than us; we surrounded the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and we feared that the enemy might take advantage of any negligence and harm him, and thus we remained engaged there. Then this verse was revealed: {یَسْأَلُونَکَ عَنْ الْأَنْفَالِ، قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلّٰہِ وَالرَّسُولِ، فَاتَّقُوا اللّٰہَ وَأَصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَیْنِکُمْ} … They ask you about the spoils of war. Say: The spoils are for Allah and the Messenger. So fear Allah and set right the relations among yourselves. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) distributed this wealth among the Muslims in the time it takes to milk a she-camel. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) attacked in the enemy’s land, he would give an extra fourth share, and if it happened on the return, due to the fatigue of the fighters, he would give an extra third share. However, he (peace and blessings be upon him) disliked that people should be greedy for extra shares, so he (peace and blessings be upon him) used to say: The strong among the Muslims should include the weak in the extra shares.
Hadith 5026
عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ الرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ حَامِيَةَ الْقَوْمِ يَكُونُ سَهْمُهُ وَسَهْمُ غَيْرِهِ سَوَاءً قَالَ ثَكِلَتْكَ أُمُّكَ ابْنَ أُمِّ سَعْدٍ وَهَلْ تُرْزَقُونَ وَتُنْصَرُونَ إِلَّا بِضُعَفَائِكُمْ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: I said, "O Messenger of Allah! The person who protects the people at the time of defeat, will his share be equal to that of the other warriors?" The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O son of Sa'd's mother! May your mother lose you, it is only because of your weak ones that you are given sustenance and you are helped."
