الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب الجهادBook of Jihad
بَابُ حَلْ الْغَنِيمَةِ مِنْ خَصُوصِيَاتِهِ صلَّى اللهُ عَليهِ وسَلمَ وَأُمَّتِهِ وَذِكْرِ أَحْكَامِ تَتَعَلَّقُ بِالْغَنِيمَةِ قَبْلَ قِسْمَتِهَا
Chapter on the Lawfulness of War Booty as a Distinction for the Prophet (peace be upon him) and His Ummah, and Mention of Rulings Related to Booty Before Its Division
Hadith 5015
عَنْ جَابِرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أُحِلَّتْ لِيَ الْغَنَائِمُ وَلَمْ تَحِلَّ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْ قَبْلِي
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: Spoils of war have been made lawful for me, whereas they were not lawful for anyone before me.
Hadith 5016
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمْ تَحِلَّ الْغَنَائِمُ لِقَوْمٍ سُودِ الرُّءُوسِ قَبْلَكُمْ كَانَتْ تَنْزِلُ النَّارُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فَتَأْكُلُهَا كَانَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ أَسْرَعَ النَّاسُ فِي الْغَنَائِمِ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لَوْلَا كِتَابٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ سَبَقَ لَمَسَّكُمْ فِيمَا أَخَذْتُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ فَكُلُوا مِمَّا غَنِمْتُمْ حَلَالًا طَيِّبًا [الأنفال: 68، 69]
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: Spoils of war were not lawful for the black-haired people before you, that is, the children of Adam. Rather, it used to happen among them that fire would descend from the sky and consume the spoils. When, on the day of Badr, people hastened to acquire the spoils, Allah the Exalted revealed this verse: {لَوْلَا کِتَابٌ مِنَ اللّٰہِ سَبَقَ لَمَسَّکُمْ فِیمَا أَخَذْتُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِیمٌ، فَکُلُوْا مِمَّا غَنِمْتُمْ حَلَالًا طَیِّبًا} If it had not been for a prior decree from Allah, a severe punishment would have afflicted you for what you took. So eat of the lawful and pure spoils you have obtained. (Surah Al-Anfal: 68, 69)
Hadith 5017
عَنْ أَبِي لَبِيدٍ قَالَ غَزَوْنَا مَعَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ كَابُلَ فَأَصَابَ النَّاسُ غَنِيمَةً فَانْتَهَبُوهَا فَأَمَرَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ مُنَادِيًا يُنَادِي إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ مَنِ انْتَهَبَ نُهْبَةً فَلَيْسَ مِنَّا فَرُدُّوا هَذِهِ الْغَنِيمَةَ فَرَدُّوهَا فَقَسَمَهَا بِالسَّوِيَّةِ
Abu Labid says: We fought jihad with Sayyiduna Abdur Rahman bin Samurah (may Allah be pleased with him) in Kabul. When the people obtained spoils of war, they began to plunder them before the distribution. Sayyiduna Abdur Rahman (may Allah be pleased with him) ordered a caller to announce that I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: Whoever commits plunder is not from among us. Therefore, return these spoils. So they returned them, and then he distributed them equally among them.
Hadith 5018
عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَخْبَرَ مُعَاوِيَةَ حِينَ سَأَلَهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي سَأَلَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عِقَالًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْسِمَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ اتْرُكْهُ حَتَّى يُقْسَمَ وَقَالَ عَتَّابٌ حَتَّى نَقْسِمَ ثُمَّ إِنْ شِئْتَ أَعْطَيْنَاكَ عِقَالًا وَإِنْ شِئْتَ أَعْطَيْنَاكَ مِرَارًا
It is narrated from Sayyiduna ‘Ubada bin Samit (may Allah be pleased with him) that when Sayyiduna Mu‘awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) asked him about the man who had asked the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) for a small thing before the distribution of the spoils of war, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) replied to him: Leave it until it is distributed among them. The words of the narrator ‘Itab are: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Leave it until we ourselves distribute it, then if you wish, we will give you the rope used to tie the camel’s knee, and if you wish, we will give you the rope.
Hadith 5019
عَنْ حَنَشٍ الصَّنْعَانِيِّ قَالَ غَزَوْنَا مَعَ رُوَيْفِعِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَرْيَةً مِنْ قُرَى الْمَغْرِبِ يُقَالُ لَهَا جَرَبَّةُ فَقَامَ فِينَا خَطِيبًا فَقَالَ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنِّي لَا أَقُولُ فِيكُمْ إِلَّا مَا سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ قَامَ فِينَا يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ فَقَالَ لَا يَحِلُّ لِامْرِئٍ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ أَنْ يَسْقِيَ مَاءَهُ زَرْعَ غَيْرِهِ يَعْنِي إِتْيَانَ الْحُبَالَى مِنَ السَّبَايَا وَأَنْ يُصِيبَ امْرَأَةً ثَيِّبًا مِنَ السَّبْيِ حَتَّى يَسْتَبْرِئَهَا يَعْنِي إِذَا اشْتَرَاهَا وَأَنْ يَبِيعَ مَغْنَمًا حَتَّى يُقْسَمَ وَأَنْ يَرْكَبَ دَابَّةً مِنْ فَيْءِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ حَتَّى إِذَا أَعْجَفَهَا رَدَّهَا فِيهِ وَأَنْ يَلْبَسَ ثَوْبًا مِنْ فَيْءِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ حَتَّى إِذَا أَخْلَقَهُ رَدَّهُ فِيهِ
It is narrated from Hanish Sana'ani, he says: We fought with Sayyiduna Ruwaifi' bin Thabit Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) against the people of the village called Jarabbah in the Maghrib. He stood among us to address us and said: O people! I will tell you only what I heard from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). On the day of Hunayn, he stood among us and said: It is not lawful for a servant who believes in Allah and the Last Day to water someone else's crop with his own water, that is, to have intercourse with a slave woman before ensuring she is not pregnant when buying a used slave woman; to sell the spoils of war before distribution; to take a riding animal from the spoils of the Muslims, ride it, make it weak, and then return it to the spoils; or to take a garment from the spoils of the Muslims, wear it, make it worn out, and then return it to the spoils. By forbidding watering someone else's crop, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) meant that one should not establish intimate relations with captive women who may be pregnant before ensuring they are not pregnant.
Hadith 5020
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الْغَنَائِمِ حَتَّى تُقْسَمَ وَعَنْ بَيْعِ الثَّمَرَةِ حَتَّى تُحْرَزَ مِنْ كُلِّ عَامٍ وَأَنْ يُصَلِّيَ الرَّجُلُ حَتَّى يَحْتَزِمَ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) forbade selling spoils of war before their distribution, selling fruits before they are safe from calamity, and a man performing prayer before tying his belt.
Hadith 5021
عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى عَنْ أَبِيهِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ شَهِدْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَتْحَ خَيْبَرَ فَلَمَّا انْهَزَمُوا وَقَعْنَا فِي رِحَالِهِمْ فَأَخَذَ النَّاسُ مَا وَجَدُوا مِنْ خُرْثِيٍّ فَلَمْ يَكُنْ أَسْرَعَ مِنْ أَنْ فَارَتِ الْقُدُورُ قَالَ فَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالْقِدْرِ فَأُكْفِئَتْ وَقَسَمَ بَيْنَنَا فَجَعَلَ لِكُلِّ عَشَرَةٍ شَاةً
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Laila (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: I was present with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) at the time of the conquest of Khaybar. When the Jews were defeated, we entered their houses and began to take their belongings. Very soon, pots began to boil, but the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered regarding the pots, so the pots were overturned. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) distributed the spoils of war and gave one goat to every ten men.
Hadith 5022
عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُغَفَّلٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ كُنَّا مُحَاصِرِينَ قَصْرَ خَيْبَرَ فَأَلْقَى إِلَيْنَا رَجُلٌ جِرَابًا فِيهِ شَحْمٌ فَذَهَبْتُ آخُذُهُ فَرَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَاسْتَحْيَيْتُ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mughaffal (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: We were besieging the fort of Khaybar, when a man threw a skin of fat towards us. I went to take it, but felt shy upon seeing the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).
Hadith 5023
(وَعَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ) قَالَ دُلِّيَ جِرَابٌ مِنْ شَحْمٍ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ قَالَ فَالْتَزَمْتُهُ قُلْتُ لَا أُعْطِي أَحَدًا مِنْهُ شَيْئًا قَالَ فَالْتَفَتُّ فَإِذَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَتَبَسَّمُ قَالَ بَهَزٌ إِلَيَّ
(On the authority of another chain) On the day of Khaybar, a waterskin of fat was hung up. I clung to it and said: I will not give anyone anything from it. Then when I turned towards the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, he was smiling.
