الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب الجهادBook of Jihad
بَابُ الْكَفْ عَنْ قَصْدِ النِّسَاءِ وَالصَّبْيَانِ وارهْبَانِ وَالشَّيْخ القَانِي بِالْقَتْلِ
Chapter on Refraining from Intentionally Targeting Women, Children, Monks, and Elderly Men for Killing
Hadith 4993
عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَأَى فِي بَعْضِ مَغَازِيهِ امْرَأَةً مَقْتُولَةً فَنَهَى عَنْ قَتْلِ النِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) found a woman killed in one of his battles, and then forbade the killing of women and children.
Hadith 4994
عَنْ رَبَاحِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ أَخِي حَنْظَلَةَ الْكَاتِبِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ خَرَجَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي غَزْوَةٍ غَزَاهَا وَعَلَى مُقَدِّمَتِهِ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ فَمَرَّ رَبَاحٌ وَأَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى امْرَأَةٍ مَقْتُولَةٍ مِمَّا أَصَابَتِ الْمُقَدِّمَةُ فَوَقَفُوا يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَيْهَا وَيَتَعَجَّبُونَ مِنْ خَلْقِهَا حَتَّى لَحِقَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ فَانْفَرَجُوا عَنْهَا فَوَقَفَ عَلَيْهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ مَا كَانَتْ هَذِهِ لِتُقَاتِلَ فَقَالَ لِأَحَدِهِمْ الْحَقْ خَالِدًا فَقُلْ لَهُ لَا تَقْتُلُوا ذُرِّيَّةً وَلَا عَسِيفًا
Narrated from Sayyiduna Rabah bin Rabi’ (may Allah be pleased with him), who was the brother of Hanzalah the scribe, he says that he went out with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) in a battle. Sayyiduna Khalid bin Walid (may Allah be pleased with him) was appointed over the vanguard of the army. When Rabah and other companions passed by a slain woman, who had been killed by the vanguard, they stopped, looked at her, and were amazed at her physique. Meanwhile, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) joined them, riding his mount. He (peace and blessings be upon him) also stopped by the woman and said: She was not one who fought. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said to a companion: Go to Khalid and tell him not to kill women, children, and laborers.
Hadith 4995
عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَخَذَ امْرَأَةً فَنَازَعَتْهُ قَائِمَ سَيْفِهِ فَقَتَلَهَا فَمَرَّ عَلَيْهَا النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأُخْبِرَ بِأَمْرِهَا فَنَهَى عَنْ قَتْلِ النِّسَاءِ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that a man took a woman as a captive. When the woman grabbed the hilt of his sword and tried to draw the sword, he killed her. When the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) passed by him and was informed about this, he (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade the killing of women.
Hadith 4996
عَنْ أَيُّوبَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَجُلًا مِنَّا يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَرِيَّةً كُنْتُ فِيهَا فَنَهَانَا أَنْ نَقْتُلَ الْعُسَفَاءَ وَالْوُصَفَاءَ
Ayub, the narrator, says: I heard from a man of my tribe, who was narrating from his father, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, dispatched a military expedition, and he was among them. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, forbade us from killing laborers, slaves, and slave-girls.
Hadith 4997
عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ سَرِيعٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَغَزَوْتُ مَعَهُ فَأَصَبْتُ ظَهْرًا فَقَتَلَ النَّاسُ يَوْمَئِذٍ حَتَّى قَتَلُوا الْوِلْدَانَ وَقَالَ مَرَّةً الذُّرِّيَّةَ فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ مَا بَالُ أَقْوَامٍ جَاوَزَهُمُ الْقَتْلُ الْيَوْمَ حَتَّى قَتَلُوا الذُّرِّيَّةَ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّمَا هُمْ أَوْلَادُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَقَالَ أَلَا إِنَّ خِيَارَكُمْ أَبْنَاءُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَلَا لَا تَقْتُلُوا ذُرِّيَّةً أَلَا لَا تَقْتُلُوا ذُرِّيَّةً قَالَ كُلُّ نَسَمَةٍ تُولَدُ عَلَى الْفِطْرَةِ حَتَّى يُعْرِبَ عَنْهَا لِسَانُهَا فَأَبَوَاهَا يُهَوِّدَانِهَا وَيُنَصِّرَانِهَا
Narrated from Sayyiduna Aswad bin Sari’ (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: I came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and participated in jihad with him, and I was also given a mount. That day, people engaged in such killing that even children and women were killed. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) found out, he said: What has happened to the people? Today, killing has exceeded its limits, to the extent that they have killed women and children as well. A man said: O Messenger of Allah! They are the children of the polytheists. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Beware! Even the most beloved among you are the children of polytheists. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Beware! Do not kill children and women, beware! Do not kill children and women. Then he said: Every soul is born upon the natural disposition, until its tongue begins to clarify, and its parents make it a Jew or a Christian.
Hadith 4998
عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ سَرِيعٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَعَثَ سَرِيَّةً يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ فَقَاتَلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَأَفْضَى بِهِمُ الْقَتْلُ إِلَى الذُّرِّيَّةِ فَلَمَّا جَاءُوا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا حَمَلَكُمْ عَلَى قَتْلِ الذُّرِّيَّةِ قَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّمَا كَانُوا أَوْلَادَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ قَالَ أَوَهَلْ خِيَارُكُمْ إِلَّا أَوْلَادُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَالَّذِي نَفْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِيَدِهِ مَا مِنْ نَسَمَةٍ تُولَدُ إِلَّا عَلَى الْفِطْرَةِ حَتَّى يُعْرِبَ عَنْهَا لِسَانُهَا
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Aswad bin Sari’ (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent a detachment on the day of Hunayn. They fought against the polytheists, and the killing extended to children and women. When they returned, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: What made you kill children and women? They said: O Messenger of Allah! They are the offspring of the polytheists. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Are not your favorite individuals also the offspring of polytheists? By Him in Whose hand is the soul of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)! Every soul is born upon the natural disposition of Islam, until its tongue makes it clear otherwise.
Hadith 4999
عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذَا بَعَثَ جُيُوشَهُ قَالَ اخْرُجُوا بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ تُقَاتِلُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ مَنْ كَفَرَ بِاللَّهِ لَا تَغْدِرُوا وَلَا تَغُلُّوا وَلَا تُمَثِّلُوا وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا الْوِلْدَانَ وَلَا أَصْحَابَ الصَّوَامِعِ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, that when the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, would dispatch his armies, he would say: Set out in the name of Allah, fight in the way of Allah against those who disbelieve in Him, do not deceive, do not be treacherous, do not mutilate, do not kill children, and do not kill those in churches.
Hadith 5000
عَنْ سَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ اقْتُلُوا شُيُوخَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَاسْتَحْيُوا شَرْخَهُمْ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ سَأَلْتُ أَبِي عَنْ تَفْسِيرِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ اقْتُلُوا شُيُوخَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ قَالَ يَقُولُ الشَّيْخُ لَا يَكَادُ أَنْ يُسْلِمَ وَالشَّابُّ أَيْ يُسْلِمُ كَأَنَّهُ أَقْرَبُ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ مِنَ الشَّيْخِ قَالَ الشَّرْخُ الشَّبَابُ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Samurah bin Jundub (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Kill the brave and strong men of the polytheists who fight, and leave the minor children. Abdullah (may Allah have mercy on him) says: I asked my father, Imam Ahmad (may Allah have mercy on him), about the explanation of the hadith "Kill the elders of the polytheists," and he said: The issue with the elder is that it is unlikely that he will become a Muslim, whereas the boy is closer to accepting Islam than the elder. By "al-sharh" is meant the boys.
