الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب الجهادBook of Jihad
بَابُ الْكَفِّ عَنِ الْمُحَارِبِ إِذَا عَرَفَ بِ لا سلامِ وَوَعِيدِ قَاتِلِهِ وَعُدْرِ مَنْ أَخْطَأَ فِي قَتْلِهِ لِعَدْمِ فَهُم كَلامِهِ
Chapter on Refraining from Attacking the Combatant Who Is Known to Be Muslim, the Threat Against Killing Him, and the Excuse for Mistakenly Killing Him Due to Misunderstanding
Hadith 4980
عَنْ أَبِي الْعَلَاءِ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْحَيِّ أَنَّ عِمْرَانَ بْنَ حُصَيْنٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ عُبَيْسًا أَوْ ابْنَ عُبَيْسٍ فِي أُنَاسٍ مِنْ بَنِي جُشَمٍ أَتَوْهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَحَدُهُمْ أَلَا تُقَاتِلُ حَتَّى لَا تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ قَالَ لَعَلِّي قَدْ قَاتَلْتُ حَتَّى لَمْ تَكُنْ فِتْنَةٌ قَالَ أَلَا أُحَدِّثُكُمْ مَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَلَا أَرَاهُ يَنْفَعُكُمْ فَأَنْصِتُوا قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ اغْزُوا بَنِي فُلَانٍ مَعَ فُلَانٍ قَالَ فَصُفَّتِ الرِّجَالُ وَكَانَتِ النِّسَاءُ مِنْ وَرَاءِ الرِّجَالِ ثُمَّ لَمَّا رَجَعُوا قَالَ رَجُلٌ يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ اسْتَغْفِرْ لِي غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَكَ قَالَ هَلْ أَحْدَثْتَ قَالَ لَمَّا هُزِمَ الْقَوْمُ وَجَدْتُ رَجُلًا بَيْنَ الْقَوْمِ وَالنِّسَاءِ فَقَالَ إِنِّي مُسْلِمٌ أَوْ قَالَ أَسْلَمْتُ فَقَتَلْتُهُ قَالَ تَعَوُّذًا بِذَلِكَ حِينَ غَشِيَهُ الرُّمْحُ قَالَ هَلْ شَقَقْتَ عَنْ قَلْبِهِ تَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ لَا وَاللَّهِ مَا فَعَلْتُ فَلَمْ يَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُ أَوْ كَمَا قَالَ وَقَالَ فِي حَدِيثِهِ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ اغْزُوا بَنِي فُلَانٍ مَعَ فُلَانٍ فَانْطَلَقَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ لُحْمَتِي مَعَهُمْ فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ إِلَى نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ اسْتَغْفِرَ اللَّهَ لِي غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَكَ قَالَ وَهَلْ أَحْدَثْتَ قَالَ لَمَّا هُزِمَ الْقَوْمُ أَدْرَكْتُ رَجُلَيْنِ بَيْنَ الْقَوْمِ وَالنِّسَاءِ فَقَالَا إِنَّا مُسْلِمَانِ أَوْ قَالَا أَسْلَمْنَا فَقَتَلْتُهُمَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَمَّا أُقَاتِلُ النَّاسَ إِلَّا عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ وَاللَّهِ لَا أَسْتَغْفِرُ لَكَ أَوْ كَمَا قَالَ فَمَاتَ بَعْدُ فَدَفَنَتْهُ عَشِيرَتُهُ فَأَصْبَحَ قَدْ نَبَذَتْهُ الْأَرْضُ ثُمَّ دَفَنُوهُ وَحَرَسُوهُ ثَانِيَةً فَنَبَذَتْهُ الْأَرْضُ ثُمَّ قَالُوا لَعَلَّ أَحَدًا جَاءَ وَأَنْتُمْ نِيَامٌ فَأَخْرَجَهُ فَدَفَنُوهُ ثَالِثَةً ثُمَّ حَرَسُوهُ فَنَبَذَتْهُ الْأَرْضُ ثَالِثَةً فَلَمَّا رَأَوْا ذَلِكَ أَلْقَوْهُ أَوْ كَمَا قَالَ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Imran bin Husain (may Allah be pleased with him) that some people from the tribe of Banu Jashm, including Ubayis or Ibn Ubayis, came to him, and one of them said to him: “Do you not fight until the turmoil subsides?” He replied: “Perhaps I have fought for this very purpose, that there be no turmoil. Shall I not tell you something that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said? And I think perhaps it will not benefit you, but in any case, remain silent.” The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “O Banu so-and-so! Fight against Banu so-and-so.” As soon as he said this, the ranks of men were formed, and behind them were their women. Then, when they returned, a man said: “O Messenger of Allah! Seek forgiveness for me, may Allah forgive you as well.” The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: “Have you done something new?” He said: “Yes, when the enemy people were being defeated, I found a man between the men and women. He said: ‘I am a Muslim,’ or ‘I have accepted Islam,’ but I killed him. In fact, when he saw the shower of spears, he said this to save himself.” The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Did you cut open his heart to see (the truth)?” He said: “No, by Allah, I did not do that.” Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did not seek forgiveness for that man.
In another narration: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “O Banu so-and-so! You people fight against Banu so-and-so.” One of my relatives also went with them, but when he returned to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), he said: “O Messenger of Allah! Seek forgiveness from Allah for me, may Allah forgive you.” The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: “Have you done something new?” He said: “When the enemies were defeated, I found two men between the men and women. They said that they were Muslims or that they had accepted Islam, but I killed them.” The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “I have been commanded to fight people on the basis of Islam alone. By Allah, I will not seek forgiveness for you.” Later, this man died, and his relatives buried him, but when morning came, the earth had thrown him out. They buried him again and kept a watch over him, but the earth threw him out again. They said to the guards: “Perhaps someone came and took him out while you were sleeping.” So they buried him a third time and kept watch, but the earth threw him out again. When they saw this situation, they left him lying outside.
In another narration: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “O Banu so-and-so! You people fight against Banu so-and-so.” One of my relatives also went with them, but when he returned to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), he said: “O Messenger of Allah! Seek forgiveness from Allah for me, may Allah forgive you.” The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: “Have you done something new?” He said: “When the enemies were defeated, I found two men between the men and women. They said that they were Muslims or that they had accepted Islam, but I killed them.” The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “I have been commanded to fight people on the basis of Islam alone. By Allah, I will not seek forgiveness for you.” Later, this man died, and his relatives buried him, but when morning came, the earth had thrown him out. They buried him again and kept a watch over him, but the earth threw him out again. They said to the guards: “Perhaps someone came and took him out while you were sleeping.” So they buried him a third time and kept watch, but the earth threw him out again. When they saw this situation, they left him lying outside.
Hadith 4981
عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ هِلَالٍ قَالَ جَمَعَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ بِشْرِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ رَجُلٌ فَحَدَّثَنِي عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ سَرِيَّةً لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ غَشُوا أَهْلَ مَاءٍ صُبْحًا فَبَرَزَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَاءِ فَحَمَلَ عَلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَقَالَ إِنِّي مُسْلِمٌ فَقَتَلَهُ فَلَمَّا قَدِمُوا أَخْبَرُوا النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِذَلِكَ فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَطِيبًا فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَمَا بَالُ الْمُسْلِمِ يَقْتُلُ الرَّجُلَ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ إِنِّي مُسْلِمٌ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ إِنَّمَا قَالَهَا مُتَعَوِّذًا فَصَرَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَجْهَهُ وَمَدَّ يَدَهُ الْيُمْنَى وَفِي لَفْظٍ فَأَقْبَلَ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ تَعْرِفُ الْمَسَاءَةَ فِي وَجْهِهِ فَقَالَ أَبَى اللَّهُ عَلَيَّ مَنْ قَتَلَ مُسْلِمًا ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ
It is narrated from Humaid bin Hilal, he says: A man gathered me and Bishr bin Asim and related this matter from Sayyiduna Uqbah bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him): The people of one of the expeditions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) reached the water-bearers in the morning. When one of them came out, a man from among the Muslims attacked him. He said in response that he was a Muslim, but the Muslim killed him. When these people returned and informed the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) of this, he (peace and blessings be upon him) stood up to address them, praised and glorified Allah, and then said: "As for what follows, what will be the state of that Muslim who kills a man who is saying that he is a Muslim?" That man said: "Yes, he said this to save himself." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) turned his face away and extended his right hand. In one narration it is mentioned: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) turned towards him and said: "Can you recognize evil on his face?" Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever kills a Muslim, Allah has denied me concerning him." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) repeated this sentence three times.
Hadith 4982
عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ بَعَثَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ إِلَى بَنِي أَحْسِبُهُ قَالَ جَذِيمَةَ فَدَعَاهُمْ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ فَلَمْ يُحْسِنُوا أَنْ يَقُولُوا أَسْلَمْنَا فَجَعَلُوا يَقُولُونَ صَبَأْنَا صَبَأْنَا وَجَعَلَ خَالِدٌ بِهِمْ أَسْرًا وَقَتْلًا قَالَ وَدَفَعَ إِلَى كُلِّ رَجُلٍ مِنَّا أَسِيرًا حَتَّى إِذَا أَصْبَحَ يَوْمًا أَمَرَ خَالِدٌ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ كُلُّ رَجُلٍ مِنَّا أَسِيرَهُ قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ فَقُلْتُ وَاللَّهِ لَا أَقْتُلُ أَسِيرِي وَلَا يَقْتُلُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِي أَسِيرَهُ قَالَ فَقَدِمُوا عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَذَكَرُوا لَهُ صَنِيعَ خَالِدٍ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَرَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَبْرَأُ إِلَيْكَ مِمَّا صَنَعَ خَالِدٌ مَرَّتَيْنِ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent Sayyiduna Khalid bin Walid (may Allah be pleased with him) towards the tribe of Banu Jadhimah. He invited this tribe to Islam, but they could not say in a good manner that they had become Muslims. Instead of saying "We have accepted Islam (Aslamna)," they started saying: "We have turned away, we have turned away (Saba'na, Saba'na)." On the other side, Sayyiduna Khalid (may Allah be pleased with him) began to imprison and kill them, and each one of us was given a prisoner, until when morning came, Sayyiduna Khalid ordered that each man should kill his own prisoner. Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: By Allah! Neither will I kill my prisoner, nor will any man among my companions kill his prisoner. Then, when they came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and informed him of the action of Sayyiduna Khalid (may Allah be pleased with him), the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) raised both his hands and said: O Allah! I declare myself free before You from what Khalid has done (i.e., I have nothing to do with this action). The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said this sentence twice.
Hadith 4983
عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مُعَيْزٍ السَّعْدِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ خَرَجْتُ أَسْقِي فَرَسًا لِي فِي السَّحَرِ فَمَرَرْتُ بِمَسْجِدِ بَنِي حَنِيفَةَ وَهُمْ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّ مُسَيْلِمَةَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ فَأَتَيْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ فَبَعَثَ الشُّرْطَةَ فَجَاءُوا بِهِمْ فَاسْتَتَابَهُمْ فَتَابُوا فَخَلَّى سَبِيلَهُمْ وَضَرَبَ عُنُقَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ النَّوَّاحَةِ فَقَالُوا أَخَذْتَ قَوْمًا فِي أَمْرٍ وَاحِدٍ فَقَتَلْتَ بَعْضَهُمْ وَتَرَكْتَ بَعْضَهُمْ قَالَ إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَقَدِمَ عَلَيْهِ هَذَا وَابْنُ أُثَالِ بْنِ حَجَرٍ فَقَالَ أَتَشْهَدَانِ أَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ فَقَالَا نَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُسَيْلِمَةَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ آمَنْتُ بِاللَّهِ وَرُسُلِهِ لَوْ كُنْتُ قَاتِلًا وَفْدًا لَقَتَلْتُكُمَا قَالَ فَلِذَلِكَ قَتَلْتُهُ
It is narrated from Ibn Mu’iz Sa’di, he says: I went out at the time of suhoor to give water to my horse. When I passed by the mosque of Banu Hanifa, I heard them saying: Indeed, Musaylimah is the Messenger of Allah. I went to Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) and informed him of this incident. He sent the army, and they brought them back after capturing them. He demanded that they repent, and they repented, so he set them free, but he beheaded Abdullah bin Nuwahah. They said: How is it that you captured a people for one crime, then killed one and released another? I was present with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), this man and Ibn Athal bin Hajar came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to them: Do you both testify that I am the Messenger of Allah? They said: We testify that indeed Musaylimah is the Messenger of Allah. Upon hearing this, the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: I believe in Allah and His Messengers. If I were to kill any envoy, I would have killed both of you. He said: It is for this reason that I killed him.
Hadith 4984
(وَعَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ) قَالَ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ حَيْثُ قُتِلَ ابْنُ النَّوَّاحَةِ إِنَّ هَذَا وَابْنَ أُثَالٍ كَانَا أَتَيَا النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَسُولَيْنِ لِمُسَيْلِمَةَ الْكَذَّابِ فَقَالَ لَهُمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَتَشْهَدَانِ أَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ قَالَا نَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُسَيْلِمَةَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ لَوْ كُنْتُ قَاتِلًا رَسُولًا لَضَرَبْتُ أَعْنَاقَكُمَا قَالَ فَجَرَتْ سُنَّةً أَنْ لَا يُقْتَلَ الرَّسُولُ فَأَمَّا ابْنُ أُثَالٍ فَكَفَانَاهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَأَمَّا هَذَا فَلَمْ يَزَلْ ذَلِكَ فِيهِ حَتَّى أَمْكَنَ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ الْآنَ
. (Second chain) When Ibn Nuwahah was killed, Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: He and Ibn Athal both came to the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him); both of them were envoys of Musaylimah the Liar. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to them: Do you bear witness that I am the Messenger of Allah? They said: We bear witness that Musaylimah is the Messenger of Allah. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: If I were to kill any envoy, I would have beheaded both of you. Thus, by this statement of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), it became established that envoys are not to be killed. As for the matter of Ibn Athal, Allah Almighty has sufficed us regarding him, and this man kept plotting until Allah Almighty gave me power (and I killed him).
Hadith 4985
عَنْ حَارِثَةَ بْنِ مُضَرِّبٍ قَالَ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ لِابْنِ النَّوَّاحَةِ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ لَوْلَا أَنَّكَ رَسُولٌ لَقَتَلْتُكَ فَأَمَّا الْيَوْمَ فَلَسْتَ بِرَسُولٍ يَا خَرَشَةُ قُمْ فَاضْرِبْ عُنُقَهُ قَالَ فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ فَضَرَبَ عُنُقَهُ
It is narrated from Harithah bin Mudarrib, he says: Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) said to Ibn Nawahah: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say, "If you were not a messenger, I would have killed you." Today you are not a messenger. Khurshah! Get up and behead him. So he got up and killed him.
Hadith 4986
عَنْ نُعَيْمِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ الْأَشْجَعِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ حِينَ قَرَأَ كِتَابَ مُسَيْلِمَةَ الْكَذَّابِ قَالَ لِلرَّسُولَيْنِ فَمَا تَقُولَانِ أَنْتُمَا قَالَا نَقُولُ كَمَا قَالَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَاللَّهِ لَوْلَا أَنَّ الرُّسُلَ لَا تُقْتَلُ لَضَرَبْتُ أَعْنَاقَكُمَا
Narrated from Sayyiduna Nu'aym bin Mas'ud Ashja'i (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) read the letter of Musaylimah the Liar, he said to his two messengers: "What do you yourselves say?" They replied: "We say what Musaylimah says." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "By Allah! If it were not that messengers are not killed, I would have beheaded both of you."
Hadith 4987
عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ صَحِبَ قَوْمًا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَوَجَدَ مِنْهُمْ غَفْلَةً فَقَتَلَهُمْ وَأَخَذَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ فَجَاءَ بِهَا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَبَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ يَقْبَلَهَا
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Mughirah bin Shu’bah (may Allah be pleased with him) that he accompanied a group of polytheists, but when he found them heedless, he killed all of them and brought their wealth to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). However, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) refused to accept that wealth.
