الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب الجهادBook of Jihad
أنواع الشُّهَدَاءِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَدَرَجَاتِهِمْ بِاعْتِبَارِ نِيَّاتِهِمْ
Types of Martyrs in the Path of Allah and Their Ranks According to Their Intentions
Hadith 4892
عَنْ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ عَبْدٍ السُّلَمِيِّ وَكَانَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْقَتْلُ ثَلَاثَةٌ رَجُلٌ مُؤْمِنٌ قَاتَلَ بِنَفْسِهِ وَمَالِهِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ حَتَّى إِذَا لَقِيَ الْعَدُوَّ قَاتَلَهُمْ حَتَّى يُقْتَلَ فَذَلِكَ الشَّهِيدُ الْمُفْتَخِرُ فِي خَيْمَةِ اللَّهِ تَحْتَ عَرْشِهِ لَا يَفْضُلُهُ النَّبِيُّونَ إِلَّا بِدَرَجَةِ النُّبُوَّةِ وَرَجُلٌ مُؤْمِنٌ قَرَفَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ مِنَ الذُّنُوبِ وَالْخَطَايَا جَاهَدَ بِنَفْسِهِ وَمَالِهِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ حَتَّى إِذَا لَقِيَ الْعَدُوَّ قَاتَلَ حَتَّى يُقْتَلَ مُحِيَتْ ذُنُوبُهُ وَخَطَايَاهُ إِنَّ السَّيْفَ مَحَّاءُ الْخَطَايَا وَأُدْخِلَ مِنْ أَيِّ أَبْوَابِ الْجَنَّةِ شَاءَ فَإِنَّ لَهَا ثَمَانِيَةَ أَبْوَابٍ وَلِجَهَنَّمَ سَبْعَةُ أَبْوَابٍ وَبَعْضُهَا أَفْضَلُ مِنْ بَعْضٍ وَرَجُلٌ مُنَافِقٌ جَاهَدَ بِنَفْسِهِ وَمَالِهِ حَتَّى إِذَا لَقِيَ الْعَدُوَّ قَاتَلَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ حَتَّى يُقْتَلَ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ فِي النَّارِ السَّيْفُ لَا يَمْحُو النِّفَاقَ
Sayyiduna Utbah bin Abd Sulami, may Allah be pleased with him, who was among the Companions of the Messenger, narrates that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: There are three types of killing: (1) The believer who fights in the way of Allah with his life and wealth; when he confronts the enemy, he fights them until he is martyred. He is the martyr who will boast in the tent of Allah under the Throne of Allah; the Prophets will only have superiority over such a martyr due to the rank of Prophethood. (2) The believer who has committed sins against himself and fights in the way of Allah with his life and wealth; when he meets the enemies, he fights them until he is martyred. The sins of such a martyr are forgiven; indeed, the sword wipes away sins. Such a martyr will enter Paradise through whichever of its eight gates he wishes; some of these gates are superior to others, and Hell has seven gates. (3) The hypocrite who fights with his life and wealth; when he confronts the enemy, he fights in the way of Allah until he is killed. This person will be in Hell, because the sword cannot wipe away the sin of hypocrisy.
Hadith 4893
عَنْ أَبِي يَزِيدَ الْخَوْلَانِيِّ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ فَضَالَةَ بْنَ عُبَيْدٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ الشُّهَدَاءُ ثَلَاثَةٌ رَجُلٌ مُؤْمِنٌ جَيِّدُ الْإِيمَانِ لَقِيَ الْعَدُوَّ فَصَدَقَ اللَّهَ حَتَّى قُتِلَ فَذَلِكَ الَّذِي يَرْفَعُ إِلَيْهِ النَّاسُ أَعْنَاقَهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَرَفَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَأْسَهُ حَتَّى وَقَعَتْ قَلَنْسُوَتُهُ أَوْ قَلَنْسُوَةُ عُمَرَ وَرَجُلٌ مُؤْمِنٌ جَيِّدُ الْإِيمَانِ لَقِيَ الْعَدُوَّ فَكَأَنَّمَا يُضْرَبُ جِلْدُهُ بِشَوْكِ الطَّلْحِ أَتَاهُ سَهْمٌ غَرْبٌ فَقَتَلَهُ هُوَ فِي الدَّرَجَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ وَرَجُلٌ مُؤْمِنٌ جَيِّدُ الْإِيمَانِ خَلَطَ عَمَلًا صَالِحًا وَآخَرَ سَيِّئًا لَقِيَ الْعَدُوَّ فَصَدَقَ اللَّهَ حَتَّى قُتِلَ فَذَلِكَ فِي الدَّرَجَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Fadala bin Ubaid (may Allah be pleased with him) that Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) relates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Martyrs are of three types: (1) The believer who possesses excellent faith, when he faces the enemy, he fights affirming Allah Almighty until he is martyred. He is the martyr to whom people will raise their necks on the Day of Resurrection. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) raised his head upwards until either his or Sayyiduna Umar’s (may Allah be pleased with him) cap fell off. (2) The believer whose faith is excellent, but when he faces the enemy, such fear overcomes him as if a thorn from an acacia tree has been pricked into his skin. Then suddenly a stray arrow strikes him and he is martyred; such a person will be in the second rank. (3) The believer whose faith is excellent, but he has performed both good and bad deeds, when he faces the enemy, he fights affirming Allah Almighty until he is martyred; this martyr will be in the third rank.
Hadith 4894
(وَعَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيْقٍ ثَانٍ) قَالَ سَمِعْتُ فَضَالَةَ بْنَ عُبَيْدٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ الشُّهَدَاءُ أَرْبَعَةٌ فَذَكَرَ الثَّلَاثَةَ الْمُتَقَدِّمَةَ ثُمَّ قَالَ رَجُلٌ مُؤْمِنٌ أَسْرَفَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ إِسْرَافًا كَثِيرًا لَقِيَ الْعَدُوَّ فَصَدَقَ اللَّهَ حَتَّى قُتِلَ فَذَاكَ فِي الدَّرَجَةِ الرَّابِعَةِ
(The second chain) Its wording is as follows: There are four types of martyrs … Then the three types mentioned in the previous hadith were mentioned, and then he said: … (4) That believing man who has greatly wronged himself with sins, when he meets the enemy, he fights affirming Allah, until he is martyred; he is a martyr of the fourth rank.
Hadith 4895
عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ رِفَاعَةَ أَنَّ أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ أَخْبَرَهُ وَكَانَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ حَدَّثَهُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ ذُكِرَ عِنْدَهُ الشُّهَدَاءُ فَقَالَ إِنَّ أَكْثَرَ شُهَدَاءِ أُمَّتِي أَصْحَابُ الْفُرُشِ وَرُبَّ قَتِيلٍ بَيْنَ الصَّفَّيْنِ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِنِيَّتِهِ
Abu Muhammad, who is among the companions of Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him), narrates that he related this: The martyrs were mentioned in the presence of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Most of the martyrs of my Ummah will be those of the beds, and among those killed between two rows, there are many whose intentions are best known by Allah Almighty.
Hadith 4896
عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ إِيَّاكُمْ أَنْ تَقُولُوا مَاتَ فُلَانٌ شَهِيدٌ أَوْ قُتِلَ فُلَانٌ شَهِيدٌ فَإِنَّ الرَّجُلَ يُقَاتِلُ لِيَغْنَمَ وَيُقَاتِلُ لِيُذْكَرَ وَيُقَاتِلُ لِيُرَى مَكَانُهُ فَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ شَاهِدِينَ لَا مَحَالَةَ فَاشْهَدُوا لِلرَّهْطِ الَّذِينَ بَعَثَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي سَرِيَّةٍ فَقُتِلُوا فَقَالُوا اللَّهُمَّ بَلِّغْ نَبِيَّنَا صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنَّا أَنَّا قَدْ لَقِينَاكَ فَرَضِينَا عَنْكَ وَرَضِيتَ عَنَّا
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas’ud (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Refrain from saying such things as “So-and-so’s death is martyrdom,” or “So-and-so has become a martyr,” because some people fight for the sake of spoils, some fight for fame, and some fight so that their status may be known. If you must bear witness, then bear witness of martyrdom only for those people whom the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent in a military expedition and they were killed, and before being killed they said: “O Allah! Convey this message from us to our Prophet, that we have met You and we are pleased with You and You are pleased with us.”
Hadith 4897
عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ تَقُولُونَ لِمَنْ قُتِلَ فِي مَغَازِيكُمْ قُتِلَ فُلَانٌ شَهِيدًا مَاتَ فُلَانٌ شَهِيدًا وَلَعَلَّهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَدْ أَوْقَرَ عَجُزَ دَابَّتِهِ أَوْ دَفَّ رَاحِلَتَهُ ذَهَبًا وَفِضَّةً يَبْتَغِي التِّجَارَةَ فَلَا تَقُولُوا ذَاكُمْ وَلَكِنْ قُولُوا كَمَا قَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَنْ قُتِلَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَهُوَ فِي الْجَنَّةِ
Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said: When a man is killed in your battles, you say about him that so-and-so has become a martyr, whereas it is possible that he had loaded gold and silver on the back of his animal or on the sides of his mount for the sake of trade. Therefore, do not say this statement of martyrdom about anyone. Yes, you may say what Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: Whoever is martyred in the way of Allah will go to Paradise.
