الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب الصيامBook of Fasting
بَابُ صِيَامِ يَوْمٍ وَإِفْطَارِ يَوْمٍ صِيَامِ دَاوُدَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ
Chapter: Fasting One Day and Breaking the Fast One Day—The Fasting of Dawud (David), Peace Be Upon Him
Hadith 3973
عَنْ صَدَقَةَ الدِّمَشْقِيِّ قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ الصِّيَامِ، فَقَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: ((إِنَّ مِنْ أَفْضَلِ الصِّيَامِ صِيَامَ أَخِي دَاوُدَ، كَانَ يَصُومُ يَوْمًا وَيُفْطِرُ يَوْمًا))
Sadaqa Damashqi says that a man came to Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) and asked about fasting. He said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: The most virtuous fasts are those of my brother Dawood (peace be upon him); he would fast one day and leave it the next day.
Hadith 3974
عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((أَحَبُّ الصِّيَامِ إِلَى اللَّهِ صِيَامُ دَاوُدَ وَأَحَبُّ الصَّلَاةِ إِلَى اللَّهِ صَلَاةُ دَاوُدَ، كَانَ يَنَامُ نِصْفَهُ، وَيَقُومُ ثُلُثَهُ وَيَنَامُ سُدُسَهُ، وَكَانَ يَصُومُ يَوْمًا وَيُفْطِرُ يَوْمًا))
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: The fasts of Dawud (peace be upon him) are the most beloved to Allah Almighty, and likewise, his night prayer is the most preferred by Allah Almighty. He would sleep for half the night, then stand in prayer for one third of the night, and then sleep for one sixth of the night. As for fasting, he would fast one day and leave it the next day.
Hadith 3975
عَنْ أَبِي سَلْمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو (بْنِ الْعَاصِ) رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((لَقَدْ أُخْبِرْتُ أَنَّكَ تَقُومُ اللَّيْلَ وَتَصُومُ النَّهَارَ؟)) قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ! نَعَمْ، قَالَ: ((فَصُمْ وَأَفْطِرْ وَصَلِّ وَنَمْ، فَإِنَّ لِجَسَدِكَ عَلَيْكَ حَقًّا، وَإِنَّ لِزَوْجِكَ عَلَيْكَ حَقًّا، وَإِنَّ لِزَوْرِكَ عَلَيْكَ حَقًّا، وَإِنَّ بِحَسْبِكَ أَنْ تَصُومَ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ))، قَالَ: فَشَدَّدْتُ فَشَدَّدَ عَلَيَّ، قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ! إِنِّي أَجِدُ قُوَّةً، قَالَ: ((فَصُمْ مِنْ كُلِّ جُمُعَةٍ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ))، قَالَ: فَشَدَّدْتُ فَشَدَّدَ عَلَيَّ، قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ! إِنِّي أَجِدُ قُوَّةً، قَالَ: ((صُمْ صَوْمَ نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ دَاوُدَ وَلَا تَزِدْ عَلَيْهِ))، قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ! وَمَا كَانَ صِيَامُ دَاوُدَ (عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ) قَالَ: ((كَانَ يَصُومُ يَوْمًا وَيُفْطِرُ يَوْمًا))
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) says: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to me: I have been informed that you stand in prayer all night and fast every day. I said: Yes, O Messenger of Allah! He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Fast sometimes and leave fasting sometimes, and stand in prayer at night and also sleep, because your body has a right over you, your wife has a right over you, and your guest has a right over you. Fast three days in a month; that is sufficient for you. But I was strict, so the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was also strict with me. I said: O Messenger of Allah! I have the strength for more than that. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Then fast three days every week. But I was strict, so the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was also strict with me, and I said: O Messenger of Allah! I have the strength to fast more than that. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Then fast like the Prophet of Allah, Dawud (peace be upon him), and do not exceed that. I said: O Messenger of Allah! How did Dawud (peace be upon him) fast? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: He would fast one day and leave fasting the next day.
Hadith 3976
عَنْ مُطَرِّفِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو (بْنِ الْعَاصِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ) قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ! مُرْنِي بِصِيَامٍ، قَالَ: ((صُمْ يَوْمًا وَلَكَ أَجْرُ تِسْعَةٍ))، قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ! إِنِّي أَجِدُ قُوَّةً فَزِدْنِي، قَالَ: ((صُمْ يَوْمَيْنِ وَلَكَ أَجْرُ ثَمَانِيَةِ أَيَّامٍ))، قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ! إِنِّي أَجِدُ قُوَّةً فَزِدْنِي، قَالَ: ((فَصُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ وَلَكَ أَجْرُ سَبْعَةِ أَيَّامٍ))، قَالَ: فَمَا زَالَ يَحُطُّ لِي، حَتَّى قَالَ: ((إِنَّ أَفْضَلَ الصَّوْمِ صَوْمُ أَخِي دَاوُدَ أَوْ نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ دَاوُدَ شَكَّ الْجُرَيْرِيُّ، صُمْ يَوْمًا وَأَفْطِرْ يَوْمًا))، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ لَمَّا ضَعُفَ: لَيْتَنِي كُنْتُ قَنَعْتُ بِمَا أَمَرَنِي بِهِ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ
Narrated by Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: I presented myself before the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: O Messenger of Allah! Command me regarding fasting. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Fast one day, and you will receive the reward of an additional nine days (because the reward of every good deed is tenfold). I said: O Messenger of Allah! I have the strength for more than this, so grant me permission to fast more. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Fast two days, and you will receive the reward of an additional eight days. But I again said: O Messenger of Allah! I have the strength for more than this, so grant me permission for more fasting. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Fast three days, and you will receive the reward of an additional seven days. But with my repeated requests, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) kept allowing for more action (and reducing the reward), until the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: The best fasts are those of my brother Dawud (peace be upon him), and that is to fast one day and leave one day. When Sayyiduna Abdullah became old, he used to say: I wish I had sufficed with the first command of the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).
Hadith 3977
(وَمِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ): عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو بِنَحْوِهِ وَفِيهِ: قَالَ: فَكَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ يَصُومُ ذَلِكَ الصِّيَامَ حَتَّى أَدْرَكَهُ السِّنُّ وَالضَّعْفُ، كَانَ يَقُولُ: لَأَنْ أَكُونَ قَبِلْتُ رُخْصَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَهْلِي وَمَالِي
(Second chain) It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Amr, may Allah be pleased with him, ... narrated in the same manner as the previous hadith ... , further in this it is mentioned: Sayyiduna Abdullah, may Allah be pleased with him, continued to fast in this way until he became old and weak, at that time he used to say: If I had accepted the concession given by the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, it would have been more beloved to me than my family, wealth, and property.
