الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب الصيامBook of Fasting
الْفَصْلُ الْأَوَّلُ فِي فَضْلِ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ وَتَأْكِيدِ صَوْمِهِ قَبْلَ نُزُولِ رَمَضَانَ
First Section: The Virtue of the Day of Ashura and Emphasis on Fasting It Before Ramadan Was Prescribed
Hadith 3902
Under this chapter, the following sub-chapters and hadiths have been mentioned.
عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: ((صَوْمُ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ كَفَّارَةُ سَنَتَيْنِ، سَنَةٍ مَاضِيَةٍ وَسَنَةٍ مُسْتَقْبَلَةٍ، وَيَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ كَفَّارَةُ سَنَةٍ))
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Fasting on the day of Arafah is an expiation for the past and coming two years, and fasting on Ashura is an expiation for the past one year.
Hadith 3903
(وَعَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ): عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: قَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ: أَرَأَيْتَ صِيَامَ عَرَفَةَ؟ قَالَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((أَحْتَسِبُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ السَّنَةَ الْمَاضِيَةَ وَالْبَاقِيَةَ))، قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ! أَرَأَيْتَ صَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ؟ قَالَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((أَحْتَسِبُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ السَّنَةَ))
(Second chain) A man asked the Noble Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him: What is your opinion about the fast of Arafah? The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: I hope from Allah Almighty that He will make this fast an expiation for the sins of the previous and coming two years. He then said: O Messenger of Allah! What is your opinion about the fast of Ashura? The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: I hope from Allah Almighty that He will make this fast an expiation for the sins of the previous one year.
Hadith 3904
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: مَرَّ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِأُنَاسٍ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ قَدْ صَامُوا يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ، فَقَالَ: ((مَا هَذَا مِنَ الصِّيَامِ؟)) قَالُوا: هَذَا الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي نَجَّى اللَّهُ مُوسَى وَبَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ مِنَ الْغَرَقِ وَغَرَّقَ فِيهِ فِرْعَوْنَ، وَهَذَا يَوْمٌ اسْتَوَتْ فِيهِ السَّفِينَةُ عَلَى الْجُودِيِّ فَصَامَهُ نُوحٌ وَمُوسَى شُكْرًا لِلَّهِ تَعَالَى، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((أَنَا أَحَقُّ بِمُوسَى وَأَحَقُّ بِصَوْمِ هَذَا الْيَوْمِ))، فَأَمَرَ أَصْحَابَهُ بِالصِّيَامِ
Narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) passed by some Jewish people, and they were fasting on the day of Ashura. He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "What is this fast?" They said: "This is the day on which Allah Almighty saved Musa (peace be upon him) and the Children of Israel from drowning, and drowned Pharaoh, and on this very day the Ark of Nuh (peace be upon him) came to rest on Mount Judi. Therefore, Nuh and Musa (peace be upon them) fasted on this day in gratitude to Allah Almighty." Upon hearing this, the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I am more deserving of Musa (peace be upon him) and of fasting on this day." Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) instructed his companions to fast on this day.
Hadith 3905
عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْمَدِينَةَ فَرَأَى الْيَهُودَ يَصُومُونَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ، فَقَالَ: ((مَا هَذَا الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي تَصُومُونَ؟)) قَالُوا: هَذَا يَوْمٌ صَالِحٌ، هَذَا يَوْمٌ نَجَّى اللَّهُ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ مِنْ عَدُوِّهِمْ، فَصَامَهُ مُوسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((أَنَا أَحَقُّ بِمُوسَى مِنْكُمْ))، قَالَ: فَصَامَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came to Madinah Munawwarah and saw that the Jews were fasting on the 10th of Muharram. He asked them: "What is this day on which you fast?" They said: "This is a great blessed day. On this day Allah Almighty saved the Children of Israel from their enemy, and Musa (peace be upon him) fasted on this day." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I am more deserving of Musa (peace be upon him) than you." Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) himself fasted on this day and also ordered (the Muslims) to fast on it.
Hadith 3906
عَنْ ثُوَيْرٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا وَهُوَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ يَقُولُ: هَذَا يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ فَصُومُوهُ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ
Thuwair says: I heard Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Zubair (may Allah be pleased with him) saying on the pulpit: This is the Day of Ashura, you should fast on this day, because the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered to fast on this day.
Hadith 3907
عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَمَرَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ بِيَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ أَنْ نَصُومَهُ، وَقَالَ: هُوَ يَوْمٌ كَانَتِ الْيَهُودُ تَصُومُهُ
Narrated by Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) commanded us to fast on the 10th of Muharram; the Jews used to fast on this day.
Hadith 3908
عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: أَرْسَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى أَهْلِ قَرْيَةٍ عَلَى رَأْسِ أَرْبَعَةِ فَرَاسِخَ، أَوْ قَالَ: فَرْسَخَيْنِ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ، فَأَمَرَ مَنْ أَكَلَ أَنْ لَا يَأْكُلْ بَقِيَّةَ يَوْمِهِ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَأْكُلْ أَنْ يُتِمَّ صَوْمَهُ
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) says that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent a message on the tenth of Muharram to the settlements within four or two farsakh, that whoever has eaten something should not eat for the rest of the day, and whoever has not yet eaten should complete his fast.
Hadith 3909
عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْأَكْوَعِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَمَرَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَسْلَمَ أَنْ يُؤَذِّنَ فِي النَّاسِ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ: ((مَنْ كَانَ صَائِمًا فَلْيُتِمَّ صَوْمَهُ، وَمَنْ كَانَ أَكَلَ فَلَا يَأْكُلْ شَيْئًا وَلْيُتِمَّ صَوْمَهُ))
Narrated from Sayyiduna Salamah bin Akwa’ (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) on the day of ‘Ashura ordered a man from the tribe of Banu Aslam to announce among the people: Whoever is fasting today should complete his fast, and whoever has eaten or drunk something should also refrain from eating and drinking for the rest of the day and thus complete the fast.
Hadith 3910
عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ صَيْفِيِّ النَّصَارِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: خَرَجَ عَلَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ، فَقَالَ: ((أَصُمْتُمْ يَوْمَكُمْ هَذَا؟)) فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: نَعَمْ، وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: لَا، قَالَ: ((فَأَتِمُّوا بَقِيَّةَ يَوْمِكُمْ هَذَا))، وَأَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يُؤْذِنُوا أَهْلَ الْعَرُوضِ أَنْ يُتِمُّوا يَوْمَهُمْ ذَلِكَ
Sayyiduna Muhammad bin Saifi Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) says: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came to us on the Day of Ashura and asked: Have you people fasted today? Some said: Yes, and some said: No. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: In any case, complete the fast for the rest of the day. He (peace and blessings be upon him) also instructed them to inform the people of ‘Aroud so that they too may complete the fast of this day.
Hadith 3911
عَنْ هِنْدِ بْنِ أَسْمَاءَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى قَوْمِي مِنْ أَسْلَمَ، فَقَالَ: ((مُرْ قَوْمَكَ فَلْيَصُومُوا هَذَا الْيَوْمَ وَيَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ، فَمَنْ وَجَدْتَّهُ مِنْهُمْ قَدْ أَكَلَ فِي أَوَّلِ يَوْمِهِ فَلْيَصُمْ آخِرَهُ))
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Hind bin Asma’ (may Allah be pleased with him), who says: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent me to my tribe, Banu Aslam, and said: Command your people to fast on the day of ‘Ashura. If any of them has already eaten or drunk, then he should also fast for the remainder of the day.
Hadith 3912
عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ هِنْدٍ، عَنْ أَسْمَاءَ بْنِ حَارِثَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَعَثَهُ، فَقَالَ: ((مُرْ قَوْمَكَ بِصِيَامِ هَذَا الْيَوْمِ))، قَالَ: أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ وَجَدْتُّهُمْ قَدْ طَعِمُوا؟ قَالَ: ((فَلْيُتِمُّوا آخِرَ يَوْمِهِمْ))
Narrated by Sayyiduna Asma bin Haritha (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) instructed him, saying: Order your people to fast on this day. He said: If they have already eaten, then what is your opinion? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Even then, let them fast for the remainder of the day.
Hadith 3913
(وَمِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ): عَنْ أَسْمَاءَ بْنِ حَارِثَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَعَثَهُ، فَقَالَ: ((مُرْ قَوْمَكَ فَلْيَصُومُوا هَذَا الْيَوْمَ))، قَالَ: أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ وَجَدْتُّهُمْ قَدْ طَعِمُوا؟ قَالَ: ((فَلْيُتِمُّوا بَقِيَّةَ يَوْمِهِمْ))
(Second chain) It is narrated from Sayyiduna Asma bin Haritha (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent him and said: "Command your people to fast on this day." He said: "What do you say if they have already eaten?" The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Then let them fast for the remainder of the day."
Hadith 3914
عَنْ بَعْجَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَنَّ أَبَاهُ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ لَهُمْ يَوْمًا: ((هَذَا يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ فَصُومُوا))، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ! إِنِّي تَرَكْتُ قَوْمِي مِنْهُمْ صَائِمٌ، وَمِنْهُمْ مُفْطِرٌ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((اذْهَبْ إِلَيْهِمْ فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْهُمْ مُفْطِرًا فَلْيُتِمَّ صَوْمَهُ))
It is narrated from the father of Ba’jah, Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him), that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him one day: Today is the day of Ashura, observe fasting on this day. A man from Banu Amr bin Awf said: O Messenger of Allah! I have left my people in such a state that some of them are fasting and some are not. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Go to them and tell them that whoever has not been fasting should observe fasting for the rest of the day.
Hadith 3915
عَنْ مَزِيدَةَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: قَالَتْ أُمِّي: كُنْتُ فِي مَسْجِدِ الْكُوفَةِ فِي خِلَافَةِ عُثْمَانَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ وَعَلَيْنَا أَبُو مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيُّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَمَرَ بِصَوْمِ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ، فَصُومُوا
Mazeedah bin Jabir says: My mother narrated that she was in the mosque of Kufa during the caliphate of Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him). Sayyiduna Abu Musa Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him) was the governor there. One day he said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had commanded to fast on the Day of Ashura, so you should fast on that day.
Hadith 3916
عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ يَصُومُ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ، وَيَأْمُرُ بِهِ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) himself used to fast on the Day of Ashura and also used to order (others) to fast on it.
Hadith 3917
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي يَزِيدَ مُنْذُ سَبْعِينَ سَنَةً، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ يَقُولُ: مَا عَلِمْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ صَامَ يَوْمًا يَتَحَرَّى فَضْلَهُ عَلَى الْأَيَّامِ غَيْرَ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ، وَقَالَ سُفْيَانُ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى: إِلَّا هَذَا الْيَوْمَ يَعْنِي عَاشُورَاءَ، وَهَذَا الشَّهْرَ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) says: I do not know that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) fasted on any specific day seeking its virtue over other days, except for the Day of Ashura and the month of Ramadan.
