الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب الصيامBook of Fasting
بَابُ ثُبُوتِ الشَّهْرِ بِرُؤْيَةِ الْهِلَالِ فِي الصَّوْمِ وَالْفِطْرِ أَوْ إِكْمَالِ الْعِدَّةِ ثَلَاثِينَ إِنْ كَانَ
Chapter: Establishing the Month by Sighting the Crescent for Fasting and Breaking the Fast, or Completing Thirty Days if Necessary
Hadith 3676
عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ طَلْقٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ جَعَلَ هَذِهِ الْأَهِلَّةَ مَوَاقِيتَ لِلنَّاسِ، صُومُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ وَأَفْطِرُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ، فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَأَتِمُّوا الْعِدَّةَ))
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Taliq bin Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: Verily, Allah Almighty has made this moon a sign for the timings of people, so begin fasting by sighting the moon and end fasting by sighting it, and if the sky is cloudy, then complete the count to thirty.
Hadith 3677
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((صُومُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ وَأَفْطِرُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ، فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمُ الشَّهْرُ، فَأَكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ ثَلَاثِينَ))
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: Begin fasting upon sighting the moon and stop fasting upon sighting the moon. However, if the moon is not visible due to clouds, then complete the count of thirty.
Hadith 3678
عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِثْلَهُ
Syedna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) has also narrated a similar hadith from the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).
Hadith 3679
عَنْ أَبِي الْبَخْتَرِيِّ قَالَ: أَهْلَلْنَا هِلَالَ رَمَضَانَ وَنَحْنُ بِذَاتِ عِرْقٍ، قَالَ: فَأَرْسَلْنَا رَجُلًا إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ يَسْأَلُهُ فَسَأَلَهُ قَالَ هَاشِمٌ: فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ مَدَّ رُؤْيَتَهُ، قَالَ: هَاشِمٌ لِرُؤْيَتِهِ، فَإِنْ أُغْمِيَ عَلَيْكُمْ فَأَكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ))
Abu Bakhtari says: We saw the crescent of Ramadan at the place of Dhat 'Irq, then we sent a man to Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) to ask him about it. When he asked: Hashim says, then Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Allah Almighty has prolonged its sighting, if there are clouds then complete the counting (of Sha'ban).
Hadith 3680
عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا: عَجِبْتُ مِمَّنْ يَتَقَدَّمُ الشَّهْرَ، وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((لَا تَصُومُوا حَتَّى تَرَوْهُ، أَوْ قَالَ: صُومُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ))
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) says: I am astonished at the person who starts fasting before the month begins, while the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has said: Do not fast until you see the moon.
Hadith 3681
عَنْ رِبْعِيِّ بْنِ حِرَاشٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((لَا تَقَدَّمُوا الشَّهْرَ حَتَّى تُكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ أَوْ تَرَوْا الْهِلَالَ وَصُومُوا وَلَا تُفْطِرُوا حَتَّى تُكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ أَوْ تَرَوْا الْهِلَالَ))
A companion narrates that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: Do not begin fasting before the month starts; rather, fast when the count of the previous month is completed or the new moon is sighted. Then continue fasting until the count of Ramadan is completed or the new moon is sighted.
Hadith 3682
عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((إِنَّمَا الشَّهْرُ تِسْعٌ وَعِشْرُونَ، فَلَا تَصُومُوا حَتَّى تَرَوْهُ وَلَا تُفْطِرُوا حَتَّى تَرَوْهُ فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَاقْدُرُوا لَهُ))، قَالَ نَافِعٌ: فَكَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ (يَعْنِي ابْنَ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا) إِذَا مَضَى مِنْ شَعْبَانَ تِسْعٌ وَعِشْرُونَ يَبْعَثُ مَنْ يَنْظُرُ، فَإِنْ رُئِي فَذَلِكَ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يُرَ وَلَمْ يَحُلْ دُونَ مَنْظَرِهِ سَحَابٌ أَوْ قَطَرٌ، أَصْبَحَ مُفْطِرًا وَإِنْ حَالَ دُونَ مَنْظَرِهِ سَحَابٌ أَوْ قَطَرٌ أَصْبَحَ صَائِمًا
Nafi’ narrates that it is reported from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: The month is (29) days, but do not begin fasting the month of Ramadan until you see the crescent, and do not stop fasting until you see (the Shawwal) crescent. If the sky is cloudy, then complete the count. Nafi’ says that the practice of Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) was that when it was the (29th) of Sha’ban, he would send some people to look for the crescent; if the crescent was sighted, that was best, and if it was not sighted and there was neither cloud nor dust, then he would not fast the next day. But if the sky was dusty or cloudy, then he would fast.
Hadith 3683
عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حَاطِبٍ قَالَ: قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((الشَّهْرُ تِسْعٌ وَعِشْرُونَ)) وَصَفَّقَ بِيَدَيْهِ مَرَّتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ صَفَّقَ الثَّالِثَةَ وَقَبَضَ إِبْهَامَهُ، (وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِعَائِشَةَ) فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا: غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، إِنَّهُ وَهِمَ، إِنَّمَا هَجَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ نِسَاءَهُ شَهْرًا، فَنَزَلَ لِتِسْعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ، فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ! إِنَّكَ نَزَلْتَ لِتِسْعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ، فَقَالَ: ((إِنَّ الشَّهْرَ يَكُونُ تِسْعًا وَعِشْرِينَ))
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: The month is (29) days. Then, to explain, he struck one hand on the other twice and on the third time folded his thumb. In another narration: When people mentioned this to Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), she said: May Allah forgive Abu Abdur Rahman, Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), he made a mistake. The real matter was that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had separated himself from his wives for a month, and on the (29th) day he came down (from the upper room). People said to him (peace and blessings be upon him): You have come down on the twenty-ninth day (even though you had separated for a month)? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Indeed, this month is (29) days.
Hadith 3684
عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: ((إِنَّا أُمَّةٌ أُمِّيَّةٌ لَا نَكْتُبُ وَلَا نَحْسُبُ، الشَّهْرُ هَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا))، وَعَقَدَ الْإِبْهَامَ فِي الثَّالِثَةِ، ((وَالشَّهْرُ هَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا))، يَعْنِي تَمَامَ ثَلَاثِينَ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: We are an unlettered nation; we neither know how to write nor how to calculate. The month is of such and such days, and such and such days, and such and such days. The third time, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) folded his thumb (i.e., indicating 29 days). Then he said: The month is of such and such days, and such and such days, and such and such days, meaning a complete (30) days.
