الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب الزكاةBook of Zakat
بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي الْغَارِمِينَ
Chapter on what is reported regarding those in debt
Hadith 3472
عَنْ كِنَانَةَ بْنِ نُعَيْمٍ عَنْ قَبِيصَةَ بْنِ الْمُخَارِقِ (الْهِلَالِيِّ) رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: حَمَلْتُ حَمَالَةً، (وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ تَحَمَّلْتُ بِحَمَالَةٍ) فَأَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَسَأَلْتُهُ فِيهَا، فَقَالَ: ((أَقِمْ حَتَّى تَأْتِينَا الصَّدَقَةُ، فَإِمَّا أَنْ نَحْمِلَهَا وَإِمَّا أَنْ نُعِينَكَ فِيهَا))، وَقَالَ: ((إِنَّ الْمَسْأَلَةَ لَا تَحِلُّ إِلَّا لِثَلَاثَةٍ، لِرَجُلٍ تَحَمَّلَ حَمَالَةَ قَوْمٍ فَيَسْأَلُ فِيهَا حَتَّى يُؤَدِّيهَا ثُمَّ يُمْسِكُ، وَرَجُلٍ أَصَابَتْهُ جَائِحَةٌ، اجْتَاحَتْ مَالَهُ فَيَسْأَلُ فِيهَا حَتَّى يُصِيبَ قِوَامًا مِنْ عَيْشٍ أَوْ سِدَادًا مِنْ عَيْشٍ ثُمَّ يُمْسِكُ، وَرَجُلٍ أَصَابَتْهُ فَاقَةٌ فَيَسْأَلُ حَتَّى يُصِيبَ قِوَامًا مِنْ عَيْشٍ أَوْ سِدَادًا مِنْ عَيْشٍ ثُمَّ يُمْسِكُ، وَمَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ مِنْ الْمَسَائِلِ سُحْتًا يَا قَبِيصَةَ يَأْكُلُهُ صَاحِبُهُ سُحْتًا))
Sayyiduna Qabisah bin Mukhariq Hilali (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: I accepted a financial guarantee (for reconciliation among people) and, in this regard, came to the service of the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) to request assistance. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Wait until zakat comes to us; either we will pay you in full or we will assist you in this matter. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) also said: Asking and begging is not lawful except for three types of people: (1) The person who gives a financial guarantee for the sake of reconciliation among people, he may ask in this matter, but when he has paid the guarantee, he should refrain from asking; (2) The person upon whom such a calamity befalls that it destroys his wealth, he may ask until his need is fulfilled, and then he should stop doing so; and (3) The person who is afflicted with hunger, such a person may also ask until his need is fulfilled, but then he should refrain from doing so. Qabisah! Other than these situations, asking is forbidden; whoever does so consumes what is unlawful.
Hadith 3473
((وَعَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ) بِنَحْوِهِ وَفِيهِ:) ((وَرَجُلٌ أَصَابَتْهُ فَاقَةٌ أَوْ حَاجَةٌ حَتَّى يَشْهَدَ لَهُ ثَلَاثَةٌ مِنْ ذَوِي الْحِجَى مِنْ قَوْمِهِ أَنَّهُ قَدْ أَصَابَتْهُ حَاجَةٌ أَوْ فَاقَةٌ))
. (Second chain) The same hadith is narrated, however, in this there are additional words: (Third) He is the destitute and needy person about whom three wise men from his people testify that indeed such-and-such person is afflicted with need and poverty.
Hadith 3474
عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: ((إِنَّ الْمَسْأَلَةَ لَا تَحِلُّ إِلَّا لِأَحَدِ ثَلَاثٍ: ذِي دَمٍ مُوْجِعٍ، أَوْ غُرْمٍ مُفْظِعٍ، أَوْ فَقْرٍ مُدْقِعٍ))
Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Verily, asking (for charity) is not lawful except for three persons: one who is paying a difficult blood-money, one who is heavily in debt, and one who is extremely poor.
Hadith 3475
عَنْ بَهْزِ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ (مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ حَيْدَةَ) رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ! إِنَّا قَوْمٌ نَتَسَاءَلُ أَمْوَالَنَا، قَالَ: ((يَتَسَاءَلُ الرَّجُلُ فِي الْجَائِحَةِ وَالْفَتْقِ، لِيُصْلِحَ بِهِ بَيْنَ قَوْمِهِ، فَإِذَا بَلَغَ أَوْ كَرَبَ، اسْتَعَفَّ))
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Muawiyah bin Haydah, may Allah be pleased with him, that he said: O Messenger of Allah! We are a people who ask from one another (is this permissible?). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: A man asks among the people in order to reconcile between them in a calamity or a conflict, but when he reaches his objective or comes close to it, he refrains.
Hadith 3476
عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: أُصِيبَ رَجُلٌ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي ثِمَارٍ ابْتَاعَهَا فَكَثُرَ دَيْنُهُ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((تَصَدَّقُوا عَلَيْهِ))، قَالَ: فَتَصَدَّقَ النَّاسُ عَلَيْهِ فَلَمْ يَبْلُغْ ذَلِكَ وَفَاءَ دَيْنِهِ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((خُذُوا مَا وَجَدْتُّمْ وَلَيْسَ لَكُمْ إِلَّا ذَلِكَ))
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id Khudri, may Allah be pleased with him, that during the time of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, a man bought some fruit, but he was afflicted by a calamity and his debt became very large. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "O people! Give charity to him." So the people gave him charity, but it was not enough to pay off his debt. Eventually, the Noble Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said (to the creditors): "Take whatever you find with him, and you will get only that."
