الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب الزكاةBook of Zakat
بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي الْفَقِيرِ الْمِسْكِينِ
Chapter on what is reported regarding the poor and the needy
Hadith 3453
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((لَيْسَ الْمِسْكِينُ هَذَا الطَّوَّافُ الَّذِي عَلَى النَّاسِ تَرُدُّهُ اللُّقْمَةُ وَاللُّقْمَتَانِ وَالتَّمْرَةُ وَالتَّمْرَتَانِ، إِنَّمَا الْمِسْكِينُ الَّذِي لَا يَجِدُ غِنًى يُغْنِيهِ وَيَسْتَحْيِي أَنْ يَسْأَلَ النَّاسَ وَلَا يُفْطَنُ لَهُ فَيُتَصَدَّقَ عَلَيْهِ))
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: The needy person is not the one who goes around among people asking and returns with one or two morsels or one or two dates, but in fact, the needy is the one who cannot fulfill his legitimate needs and feels hesitant to ask people, and due to this quality, his poverty is not even recognized so that charity may be given to him.
Hadith 3454
(وَعَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ) قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((لَيْسَ الْمِسْكِينُ الَّذِي تَرُدُّهُ الْأُكْلَةُ وَالْأُكْلَتَانِ، أَوِ التَّمْرَةُ وَالتَّمْرَتَانِ، وَلَكِنَّ الْمِسْكِينَ الَّذِي لَا يَسْأَلُ شَيْئًا وَلَا يُفْطَنُ بِمَكَانِهِ فَيُعْطَى))
(Second chain) The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: The needy is not the one who is turned away with one or two morsels or dates, but the needy is the one who, despite being in need, does not ask for anything, nor is his need understood so that something is given to him.
Hadith 3455
(وَعَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَالِثٍ بِنَحْوِهِ وَفِيهِ) قَالُوا: فَمَنِ الْمِسْكِينُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: ((الَّذِي لَا يَجِدُ غِنًى وَلَا يَعْلَمُ النَّاسُ بِحَاجَتِهِ فَيُصَدَّقَ عَلَيْهِ))، قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ وَذَلِكَ هُوَ الْمَحْرُومُ
(Third chain) The Companions asked: O Messenger of Allah! Who is called a needy person? You (peace and blessings be upon him) said: A needy person is one who cannot fulfill his legitimate needs, and people do not know of his need so that charity may be given to him. Imam Zuhri says: This is the one who is called deprived.
Hadith 3456
(وَعَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ رَابِعٍ) أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: ((لَيْسَ الْمِسْكِينُ الَّذِي تَرُدُّهُ التَّمْرَةُ وَالتَّمْرَتَانِ أَوِ اللُّقْمَةُ وَاللُّقْمَتَانِ، إِنَّمَا الْمِسْكِينُ الْمُتَعَفِّفُ، اقْرَأُوا إِنْ شِئْتُمْ {لَا يَسْأَلُونَ النَّاسَ إِلْحَافًا}))
(Fourth chain) The Noble Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: The needy is not the one to whom a date or two or a few morsels are returned; the truly needy is only the one who refrains from asking (people). If you wish, then recite this verse: They do not ask people persistently.
Hadith 3457
(وَعَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ خَامِسٍ) عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: لَيْسَ الْمِسْكِينُ بِالطَّوَّافِ عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْ تُطْعِمُوهُ لُقْمَةً لُقْمَةً إِنَّمَا الْمِسْكِينُ الْمُتَعَفِّفُ الَّذِي لَا يَسْأَلُ النَّاسَ إِلْحَافًا
(Fifth Chain) The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: That person is not truly needy who goes around you so that you may give him a morsel each; the truly needy is only the one who is so dignified that he does not cling to people and ask from them.
Hadith 3458
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَحْوُهُ
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) also narrated a similar hadith from the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).
Hadith 3459
عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَتَى النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَشَكَا إِلَيْهِ الْحَاجَةَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((مَا عِنْدَكَ شَيْءٌ؟)) فَأَتَاهُ بِحِلْسٍ وَقَدَحٍ وَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((مَنْ يَشْتَرِي هَذَا؟)) فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: أَنَا آخُذُهُمَا بِدِرْهَمٍ، فَقَالَ: ((مَنْ يَزِيدُ عَلَى دِرْهَمٍ؟)) فَسَكَتَ الْقَوْمُ، فَقَالَ: ((مَنْ يَزِيدُ عَلَى دِرْهَمٍ؟)) فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: أَنَا آخُذُهُمَا بِدِرْهَمَيْنِ، فَقَالَ: ((هُمَا لَكَ))، ثُمَّ قَالَ: ((إِنَّ الْمَسْأَلَةَ لَا تَحِلُّ إِلَّا لِأَحَدِ ثَلَاثٍ: ذِي دَمٍ مُوْجِعٍ أَوْ غُرْمٍ مُفْظِعٍ أَوْ فَقْرٍ مُدْقِعٍ))
Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that an Ansari came to the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and complained about his need. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked him: Do you have anything with you? So he brought a mat and a bowl. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Who will buy these things? A companion said: I will buy them for one dirham. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Is there anyone who will offer more than one dirham? The people remained silent. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) again said: Is there anyone who will offer more than one dirham? A man said: Yes, I will buy these things for two dirhams. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: (Alright) these are yours. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Asking (for charity) is only permissible for three types of people: one who is paying a painful blood money, one who is heavily in debt, and one who is extremely poor.
