الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب الزكاةBook of Zakat
اجْتِنَابُ كَرَائِمِ أَمْوَالِ النَّاسِ فِي الزَّكُوةِ وَمَا يُجْزِئُ مِنَ الْغَنَمِ وَمَنْ أَدَّى أَفْضَلَ مِنَ الْوَاجِبِ
Avoiding the best of people's wealth in Zakat, what suffices from sheep, and one who gives more than the obligation
Hadith 3390
عَنْ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ عَنْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُصَدِّقًا عَلَى بَلِيٍّ وَعُذْرَةَ، وَجَمِيعِ بَنِي سَعْدِ بْنِ هُذَيْمِ بْنِ قُضَاعَةَ (وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: مِنْ قُضَاعَةَ) قَالَ: فَصَدَّقْتُهُمْ حَتَّى مَرَرْتُ بِآخِرِ رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ، وَكَانَ مَنْزِلُهُ وَبَلَدُهُ مِنْ أَقْرَبِ مَنَازِلِهِمْ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، قَالَ: فَلَمَّا جَمَعَ إِلَيَّ مَالَهُ لَمْ أَجِدْ عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا إِلَّا ابْنَةَ مَخَاضٍ يَعْنِي فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ أَنَّهَا صَدَقَتُهُ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ: ذَلِكَ مَا لَا لَبَنَ فِيهِ وَلَا ظَهْرَ، وَأَيْمُ اللَّهِ، مَا قَامَ فِي مَالِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَلَا رَسُولٌ لَهُ قَطُّ قَبْلَكَ، وَمَا كُنْتُ لِأُقْرِضَ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى مِنْ مَالِي مَا لَا لَبَنَ فِيهِ وَلَا ظَهْرَ وَلَكِنْ هَذِهِ نَاقَةٌ فَتِيَّةٌ سَمِينَةٌ فَخُذْهَا، قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ: مَا أَنَا بِآخِذٍ مَا لَمْ أُؤْمَرْ بِهِ، فَهَذَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْكَ قَرِيبٌ فَإِنْ أَحْبَبْتَ أَنْ تَأْتِيَهُ فَتَعْرِضَ عَلَيْهِ مَا عَرَضْتَ عَلَيَّ فَافْعَلْ، فَإِنْ قَبِلَهُ مِنْكَ قَبِلَهُ، وَإِنْ رَدَّهُ عَلَيْكَ رَدَّهُ، قَالَ فَإِنِّي فَاعِلٌ، قَالَ فَخَرَجَ مَعِي وَخَرَجَ بِالنَّاقَةِ التَّيِّ عَرَضَ عَلَيَّ حَتَّى قَدِمْنَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ لَهُ: يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ! أَتَانِي رَسُولُكَ لِيَأْخُذَ مِنِّي صَدَقَةَ مَالِي، وَأَيْمُ اللَّهِ! مَا قَامَ فِي مَالِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَلَا رَسُولٌ لَهُ قَطُّ فَجَمَعْتُ لَهُ مَالِي فَزَعَمَ أَنَّ عَلَيَّ فِيهَا ابْنَةَ مَخَاضٍ وَذَلِكَ مَا لَا لَبَنَ فِيهِ وَلَا ظَهْرَ، وَقَدْ عَرَضْتُ عَلَيْهِ نَاقَةً فَتِيَّةً سَمِينَةً لِيَأْخُذَهَا فَأَبَى عَلَيَّ ذَلِكَ وَقَالَ: هَا هِيَ هَذِهِ قَدْ جِئْتُكَ بِهَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ! خُذْهَا، قَالَ: فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((ذَلِكَ الَّذِي عَلَيْكَ، فَإِنْ تَطَوَّعْتَ بِخَيْرٍ قَبِلْنَاهُ مِنْكَ وَأَجَرَكَ اللَّهُ فِيهِ))، قَالَ: فَهَا هِيَ ذِهْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ! قَدْ جِئْتُكَ بِهَا فَخُذْهَا، قَالَ: فَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِقَبْضِهَا وَدَعَا لَهُ فِي مَالِهِ بِالْبَرَكَةِ
Sayyiduna Ubayy bin Ka'b (may Allah be pleased with him) says: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent me to the tribes of Balee, 'Udhrah, and Banu Sa'd bin Hudhaym bin Quda'ah to collect zakat. I collected zakat from these people, and when I reached the last person, who lived closest to Madinah Munawwarah and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), he gathered his animals and brought them to me. I saw that zakat was due on this wealth in the form of a one-year-old she-camel, but when I told him this amount, he said: "This animal neither gives milk nor is it fit for riding. By Allah! The situation is such that before today, neither the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has come to my wealth nor any of his messengers. Now, I will not give to Allah such an animal as a loan, which neither gives milk nor is fit for riding. However, here is a young, fat, and healthy she-camel; you may take this." I said: "I will not take anything which I have not been commanded to take. The Messenger of Allah is near you; if you wish, you may take the animal you want to give and present it yourself to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). It is up to him whether he accepts it or returns it." He said: "Alright." So he set out with me, bringing the she-camel along. When we reached the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), he said: "O Messenger of Allah! Your representative came to me to collect zakat from my wealth. By Allah! Before this, neither the Messenger of Allah came to my wealth nor any of your messengers. I gathered all my animals and presented them before this representative. He told me that zakat was due on this wealth in the form of a one-year-old she-camel. Since this animal neither gave milk nor was fit for riding, I presented to him a fat, young she-camel so that he would accept it, but he refused to do so. O Messenger of Allah! Now I have brought it myself; please accept it." Upon hearing this, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "What is obligatory upon you is only this (one-year-old she-camel). However, if you wish to give something better out of happiness, we will accept it, and Allah will reward you for it." He said: "O Messenger of Allah! Here is the better she-camel; I have brought it with me. Please accept it." So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered it to be accepted and prayed for blessings in his wealth.
Hadith 3391
عَنْ سُوَيْدِ بْنِ غَفَلَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: تَانَا مُصَدِّقُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ فَجَلَسْتُ لَهُ فَسَمِعْتُهُ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: إِنَّ فِي عَهْدِي أَنْ لَا أَخُذَ مِنْ رَاضِعِ لَبَنٍ، وَلَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُتَفَرِّقٍ وَلَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ وَأَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ بِنَاقَةٍ كَوْمَاءَ، فَقَالَ خُذْهَا فَأَبَى أَنْ يَأْخُذَهَا
Sayyiduna Suwaid bin Ghaflah رضي الله عنه narrates: The collector of zakat sent by the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم came to us. I went to him, and he said: It is my responsibility that I do not take a suckling animal. (Secondly,) neither should separate herds be gathered together to avoid zakat, nor should a gathered herd be separated. Meanwhile, a man brought a tall, splendid she-camel with a prominent hump, but he refused to accept it.
Hadith 3392
عَنِ الصُّنَابِحِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: رَأَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي إِبِلِ الصَّدَقَةِ نَاقَةً مُسِنَّةً، فَغَضِبَ وَقَالَ: ((مَا هَذِهِ؟))، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ! إِنِّي ارْتَجَعْتُهَا بِبَعِيرَيْنِ مِنْ حَاشِيَةِ الصَّدَقَةِ، فَسَكَتَ
Sayyiduna Sanabhi (may Allah be pleased with him) says that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) saw a valuable she-camel among the camels of charity, he became angry and said: "What is this?" He replied: "O Messenger of Allah! I have given two inferior camels of charity in exchange for this one." Upon hearing this, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) remained silent.
Hadith 3393
عَنْ قُرَّةَ بْنِ دُعْمُوضٍ النُّمَيْرِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَدِمْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ فَأَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَحَوْلَهُ النَّاسُ فَجَعَلْتُ أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَدْنُوَ مِنْهُ فَلَمْ أَسْتَطِعْ فَنَادَيْتُهُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ! اسْتَغْفِرْ لِلْغُلَامِ النُّمَيْرِي، فَقَالَ: ((غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَكَ))، قَالَ وَبَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ الضَّحَّاكَ بْنَ قَيْسٍ سَاعِيًا، فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ رَجَعَ بِإِبِلٍ جُلَّةٍ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((أَتَيْتَ هِلَالَ بْنَ عَامِرِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ فَأَخَذْتَ جُلَّةَ أَمْوَالِهِمْ))، قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ! إِنِّي سَمِعْتُكَ تَذْكُرُ الْغَزْوَ فَأَحْبَبْتُ أَنْ آتِيَكَ بِإِبِلٍ تَرْكَبُهَا وَتَحْمِلُ عَلَيْهَا، فَقَالَ: ((وَاللَّهِ! لَلَّذِي تَرَكْتَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنَ الَّذِي أَخَذْتَ، أَرْدُدْهَا وَخُذْ مِنْ حَوَاشِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ صَدَقَاتِهِمْ))، قَالَ فَسَمِعْتُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَسَمُّونَ تِلْكَ الْإِبِلَ الْمَسَنَّةَ الْمُجَاهِدَاتِ
Sayyiduna Qarah bin D’amoos Numairi (may Allah be pleased with him) says: I came to Madinah Munawwarah and presented myself in the service of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), at that time many people were sitting around him. I wanted to go near him (peace and blessings be upon him), but did not have enough courage, so I called out (from a little distance): O Messenger of Allah! Pray for forgiveness for the Numairi youth. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: May Allah forgive you. He says that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had sent Sayyiduna Dahiq bin Qais (may Allah be pleased with him) as a representative to collect Zakat, and he brought back a very valuable camel. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: You had gone to collect Zakat from the tribes of Hilal bin ‘Amir and ‘Amir bin Rabi’ah, and you have brought back their most valuable property. He said: O Messenger of Allah! I heard you preparing for a battle, so I collected such camels so that they could be used for your riding and carrying loads. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: By Allah! I prefer those camels which you left behind over these camels; return these and bring Zakat from their lesser camels. Sayyiduna Qarah (may Allah be pleased with him) says: I heard the Muslims used to call those strong, mature camels “Jihadi camels.”
Hadith 3394
عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ أَنَّ عَلْقَمَةَ اسْتَعْمَلَ أَبَاهُ عَلَى عِرَافَةِ قَوْمِهِ، قَالَ مُسْلِمٌ: فَبَعَثَنِي أَبِي إِلَى مَصْدَقَتِهِ فِي طَائِفَةٍ مِنْ قَوْمِي، قَالَ: فَخَرَجْتُ حَتَّى آتِي شَيْخًا، يُقَالُ لَهُ سَعْرٌ، فِي شِعْبٍ مِنَ الشِّعَابِ، فَقُلْتُ: إِنَّ أَبِي بَعَثَنِي إِلَيْكَ لِتُعْطِيَنِي صَدَقَةَ غَنَمِكَ، فَقَالَ: أَيُّ ابْنَ أَخِي وَأَيَّ نَحْوٍ تَأْخُذُونَ؟ فَقُلْتُ: نَأْخُذُ أَفْضَلَ مَا نَجِدَ، فَقَالَ الشَّيْخُ إِنِّي لَفِي شُعَيْبٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ الشِّعَابِ فِي غَنَمٍ لِي إِذْ جَاءَنِي رَجُلَانِ مُرْتَدِفَانِ بَعِيرٍ فَقَالَا: إِنَّا رَسُولَا رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَعَثَنَا إِلَيْكَ لِتُؤْتِيَنَا صَدَقَةَ غَنَمِكَ، قُلْتُ: وَمَا هِيَ؟ قَالَا: شَاةٌ، فَعَمَدْتُ إِلَى شَاةٍ قَدْ عَلِمْتُ مَكَانَهَا مُمْتَلِئَةً مَخْضًا وَشَحْمًا، فَأَخْرَجْتُهَا إِلَيْهِمَا، فَقَالَا: هَذِهِ شَافِعٌ، وَقَدْ نَهَانَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ نَأْخُذَ شَافِعًا وَالشَّافِعُ الَّتِي فِي بَطْنِهَا وَلَدُهَا، قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ: فَأَيَّ شَيْءٍ تَأْخُذَانِ؟ قَالَا: عَنَاقًا، أَوْ جَذَعَةً أَوْ ثَنِيَّةً، قَالَ فَأَخْرَجَ لَهُمَا عَنَاقًا، قَالَ: فَقَالَا: ادْفَعْهَا إِلَيْنَا فَتَنَاوَلَاهَا وَجَعَلَاهَا مَعَهُمَا عَلَى بَعِيرِهِمَا
Muslim bin Shu’bah says: Alqamah appointed his father (Shu’bah) as the official over their people, then his father sent him to collect zakat from a part of their people. He reached an elder, who was called Si’r, and he resided in a mountain pass. I said to him: My father has sent me to you so that you may hand over the zakat of your goats to me. He said: Nephew! What kind of animal will you accept as zakat? I said: We will take the best and most excellent animal. Then he said: I was residing in one of these mountain passes when two camel riders came to me and said: We are the representatives of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him. He has sent us to you so that you may hand over the zakat of your goats to us. I asked: How much zakat? They said: One goat. I brought out a goat full of milk and fat, but they said: This one is pregnant, and the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, has forbidden us from taking such an animal. I said: Then what kind of goat will you take? They said: Give us an ‘anaaq, or a jadh’ah, or a thaniyyah. When I brought out an ‘anaaq goat, they said: Give us this one. So they took it, placed it on their camel, and left.
