الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
أبواب صلاة الجنازةChapters on Funeral Prayer
بَابُ ثَنَاءِ النَّاسِ عَلَى الْمَيِّتِ وَشَهَادَتِهِمْ
Chapter on the praise of people for the deceased and their testimony
Hadith 3237
عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: مَرُّوا بِجَنَازَةٍ فَأَثْنَوْا عَلَيْهَا خَيْرًا، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((وَجَبَتْ، وَجَبَتْ، وَجَبَتْ))، وَمَرُّوا بِجَنَازَةٍ فَأَثْنَوْا عَلَيْهَا شَرًّا، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((وَجَبَتْ، وَجَبَتْ، وَجَبَتْ))، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ: فِدَاكَ أَبِي وَأُمِّي مُرَّ بِجَنَازَةٍ فَأُثْنِيَ عَلَيْهَا خَيْرًا، فَقُلْتُ: ((وَجَبَتْ، وَجَبَتْ، وَجَبَتْ))، وَمُرَّ بِجَنَازَةٍ فَأُثْنِيَ عَلَيْهَا شَرًّا فَقُلْتَ: ((وَجَبَتْ وَجَبَتْ وَجَبَتْ))، فَقَالَ: ((مَنْ أَثْنَيْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ خَيْرًا، وَجَبَتْ لَهُ الْجَنَّةُ، وَمَنْ أَثْنَيْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ شَرًّا وَجَبَتْ لَهُ النَّارُ، أَنْتُمْ شُهَدَاءُ اللَّهِ فِي الْأَرْضِ، أَنْتُمْ شُهَدَاءُ اللَّهِ فِي الْأَرْضِ، أَنْتُمْ شُهَدَاءُ اللَّهِ فِي الْأَرْضِ))
Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that people passed by with a funeral, and the people spoke good words about the deceased. Upon hearing this, the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "It has become obligatory, it has become obligatory, it has become obligatory." Then people passed by with another funeral, and the people spoke ill of the deceased. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "It has become obligatory, it has become obligatory, it has become obligatory." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "May my parents be sacrificed for you! When one funeral passed by and people spoke words of praise about him, you (peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'It has become obligatory, it has become obligatory, it has become obligatory.' And when another funeral passed by and people spoke ill of him, you (peace and blessings be upon him) again said: 'It has become obligatory, it has become obligatory, it has become obligatory.'" The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) (explaining) said: "For the one about whom you spoke good words, Paradise has become obligatory for him, and for the one about whom you spoke bad words, Hell has become obligatory for him. In reality, you are Allah's witnesses on earth, you are Allah's witnesses on earth, you are Allah's witnesses on earth."
Hadith 3238
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَحْوُهُ، وَفِيهِ فَأَثْنَوْا عَلَيْهَا خَيْرًا فِي مَنَاقِبِ الْخَيْرِ، (وَقَالَ فِي الْأُخْرَى) فَأَثْنَوْا عَلَيْهَا شَرًّا فِي مَنَاقِبِ الشَّرِّ، فَقَالَ: ((وَجَبَتْ))، ثُمَّ قَالَ: ((إِنَّكُمْ شُهَدَاءُ اللَّهِ فِي الْأَرْضِ))
Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) also narrated a similar hadith from the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), except that in it: People mentioned the good qualities of one (funeral), and the bad qualities of the other (funeral), the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: It has become obligatory. Then he said: Indeed, you are Allah’s witnesses on the earth.
Hadith 3239
عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ قَالَ: جَلَسَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ مَجْلِسًا كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَجْلِسُهُ، تَمُرُّ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَازَةُ، قَالَ: فَمَرُّوا فَأَثْنَوْا خَيْرًا، فَقَالَ: وَجَبَتْ، ثُمَّ مَرُّوا بِجَنَازَةٍ فَأَثْنَوْا خَيْرًا فَقَالَ وَجَبَتْ، ثُمَّ مَرُّوا بِجَنَازَةٍ فَقَالُوا خَيْرًا فَقَالَ: وَجَبَتْ، ثُمَّ مَرُّوا بِجَنَازَةٍ فَقَالُوا: هَذَا كَانَ أَكْذَبَ النَّاسِ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ أَكْذَبَ النَّاسِ أَكْذَبُهُمْ عَلَى اللَّهِ، ثُمَّ الَّذِينَ يَلُونَهُمْ مَنْ كَذَبَ عَلَى رُوحِهِ فِي جَسَدِهِ، قَالَ: قَالُوا: أَرَأَيْتَ إِذَا شَهِدَ أَرْبَعَةٌ؟ قَالَ: وَجَبَتْ، قَالُوا: وَثَلَاثَةٌ؟ قَالَ: وَجَبَتْ، قَالُوا: وَاثْنَانِ؟ قَالَ: وَجَبَتْ، وَلَأَنْ أَكُونَ قُلْتُ وَاحِدًا أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ حُمْرِ النَّعَمِ، قَالَ: فَقِيلَ لِعُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ: هَذَا شَيْءٌ تَقُولُهُ بِرَأْيِكَ أَمْ شَيْءٌ سَمِعْتَهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: لَا، بَلْ سَمِعْتُهُ مِنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ
Abdullah bin Buraidah says: Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) was sitting at a place where the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to sit, and people would pass by there with funeral processions. (On this occasion too) people passed by with a funeral, and the people spoke words of praise about the deceased. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "It has become obligatory." After that, people passed by with another funeral, and people also spoke good words about that deceased. He said: "It has become obligatory." Then people passed by with another funeral, and it was also praised, so he said: "It has become obligatory." After that, people again passed by with a funeral, and the people said: "He was the most dishonest man." Upon hearing this, Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "The person who is the most dishonest among people is also the one who lies the most against Allah, and the one who is less dishonest is the one who lies against the soul within his own body." People asked: "What is your opinion if four people testify?" He said: "It will become obligatory." People asked: "If three people testify?" He said: "Even then it will become obligatory." People asked: "If two people testify?" He said: "Even then it will become obligatory. And if I had asked about the testimony of one person, then that matter would have been more beloved to me than red camels." Someone asked Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him): "Are you saying all this from your own opinion or did you hear it from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)?" He said: "No, I heard all these things from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)."
Hadith 3240
عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ عَنْ أَبِي الْأَسْوَدِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ فَوَافَيْتُهَا وَقَدْ وَقَعَ فِيهَا مَرَضٌ فَهُمْ يَمُوتُونَ مَوْتًا ذَرِيعًا، فَجَلَسْتُ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فَمَرَّتْ بِهِ جَنَازَةٌ فَأُثْنِيَ عَلَى صَاحِبِهَا خَيْرٌ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ: وَجَبَتْ، ثُمَّ مُرَّ بِأُخْرَى فَأُثْنِيَ عَلَى صَاحِبِهَا خَيْرٌ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ: وَجَبَتْ، ثُمَّ مُرَّ بِالثَّالِثَةِ فَأُثْنِيَ عَلَيْهَا شَرٌّ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ: وَجَبَتْ، فَقَالَ أَبُو الْأَسْوَدِ: مَا وَجَبَتْ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ! قَالَ: قُلْتُ كَمَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((أَيُّمَا مُسْلِمٍ شَهِدَ لَهُ أَرْبَعَةٌ بِخَيْرٍ أَدْخَلَهُ اللَّهُ الْجَنَّةَ))، قَالَ: فَقُلْنَا: وَثَلَاثَةٌ؟ قَالَ: فَقَالَ: ((وَثَلَاثَةٌ))، قَالَ: قُلْنَا: وَاثْنَانِ؟ قَالَ: ((وَاثْنَانِ))، قَالَ: ثُمَّ لَمْ نَسْأَلْهُ عَنِ الْوَاحِدِ
Abu al-Aswad says: I came to Madinah Munawwarah, at that time a plague had spread there and people were dying rapidly. I was sitting with Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) when a funeral passed by, and people spoke words of goodness about the deceased. He said: It has become obligatory. After that, another funeral passed by, and praiseworthy words were also spoken about that one, so he said: It has become obligatory. Then a third funeral passed by, and it was criticized, but even then he said: It has become obligatory. Abu al-Aswad said: O Commander of the Faithful! What has become obligatory? Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I only spoke as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had said, that if four people testify to the goodness of a Muslim, Allah admits him to Paradise. We asked: And three people? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Even three. We asked: And two people? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Even two. Then we could not ask about the testimony of one person.
Hadith 3241
عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي زُهَيْرٍ الثَّقَفِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ بِالنَّبَاءِ أَوِ النَّبَوَةِ، شَكَّ نَافِعُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، مِنَ الطَّائِفِ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: ((يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ! إِنَّكُمْ تُوشِكُونَ أَنْ تَعْرِفُوا أَهْلَ الْجَنَّةِ مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّارِ، أَوْ قَالَ: خِيَارَكُمْ مِنْ شِرَارِكُمْ))، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ: بِمَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: ((بِالثَّنَاءِ السَّيِّئِ وَالثَّنَاءِ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَنْتُمْ شُهَدَاءُ اللَّهِ بَعْضُكُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ))
Sayyiduna Abu Zuhair Thaqafi رضي الله عنه says: I heard the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم saying at the place of Naba’ah or Nabawah near Ta’if: O people! You can recognize the people of Paradise among the people of Hell, or the righteous among the wicked. A man asked: O Messenger of Allah! How is that? He صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم replied: By bad or good praise; in reality, you are Allah’s witnesses for one another on earth.
Hadith 3242
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَرْوِيهِ عَنْ رَبِّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ قَالَ: ((مَا مِنْ عَبْدٍ مُسْلِمٍ يَمُوتُ يَشْهَدُ لَهُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَبْيَاتٍ مِنْ جِيرَانِهِ الْأَدْنَيْنِ بِخَيْرٍ إِلَّا قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: قَدْ قَبِلْتُ شَهَادَةَ عِبَادِي عَلَى مَا عَلِمُوا وَغَفَرْتُ لَهُ مَا أَعْلَمُ))
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) relates from Allah Almighty: If a Muslim man passes away and three household members from among his close neighbors bear witness to his goodness, then Allah Almighty says: My servants have borne witness according to their knowledge, I have accepted their testimony and I have forgiven those (sins) which I know.
Hadith 3243
عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: ((مَا مِنْ مُسْلِمٍ يَمُوتُ فَيَشْهَدُ لَهُ أَرْبَعَةُ أَهْلِ أَبْيَاتٍ مِنْ جِيرَانِهِ الْأَدْنَيْنِ إِلَّا قَالَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى: قَدْ قَبِلْتُ فِيهِ عِلْمَكُمْ وَغَفَرْتُ لَهُ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ))
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Noble Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: Whenever any Muslim passes away and four household members from among his close neighbors bear witness in his favor, Allah Almighty says: I accept your knowledge concerning him, and I forgive those (sins) of his which you do not know.
Hadith 3244
عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ بْنِ رِبْعِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: مُرَّ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِجَنَازَةٍ قَالَ: ((مُسْتَرِيحٌ وَمُسْتَرَاحٌ مِنْهُ))، قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ! مَا الْمُسْتَرِيحُ وَالْمُسْتَرَاحُ مِنْهُ؟ قَالَ: ((الْمُؤْمِنُ اسْتَرَاحَ مِنْ نَصَبِ الدُّنْيَا وَأَذَاهَا إِلَى رَحْمَةِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، وَالْفَاجِرُ اسْتَرَاحَ مِنْهُ الْعِبَادُ وَالْبِلَادُ وَالشَّجَرُ وَالدَّوَابُّ))
Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah bin Rabi’i, may Allah be pleased with him, says that a funeral passed by the Noble Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him. He, peace and blessings be upon him, said about it: “He has found relief, or others have found relief from him.” The companions asked: “O Messenger of Allah! What does it mean that he has found relief or others have found relief from him?” He, peace and blessings be upon him, replied: “A believer finds relief from the hardships and troubles of the world and goes to the mercy of Allah, and from a wicked person, other people, cities, trees, and animals find relief.”
