الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
أبواب العيدين * وما يتعلق بهما من صلاة وغيرهاChapters on the Two Eids and What Relates to Them of Prayer and Other Matters
بَابُ خُطْبَةِ الْعِيدَيْنِ وَأَحْكَامِهَا وَوَعْظِ النِّسَاءِ وَحَثِّهِنَّ عَلَى الصَّدَقَةِ
Chapter on the Eid sermon, its rulings, exhorting women, and encouraging them to give charity
Hadith 2861
عَنْ جَابِرِ (بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ) قَالَ: شَهِدْتُ الصَّلَاةَ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي يَوْمِ عِيدٍ فَبَدَأَ بِالصَّلَاةِ قَبْلَ الْخُطْبَةِ بِغَيْرِ أَذَانٍ وَلَا إِقَامَةٍ، فَلَمَّا قَضَى الصَّلَاةَ قَامَ مُتَوَكِّئًا عَلَى بِلَالٍ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ وَوَعَظَ النَّاسَ وَذَكَّرَهُمْ وَحَثَّهُمْ عَلَى طَاعَتِهِ، ثُمَّ مَضَى إِلَى النِّسَاءِ وَمَعَهُ بِلَالٌ فَأَمَرَهُنَّ بِتَقْوَى اللَّهِ وَوَعَظَهُنَّ وَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ وَحَثَّهُنَّ عَلَى طَاعَتِهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: ((تَصَدَّقْنَ فَإِنَّ أَكْثَرَكُنَّ حَطَبُ جَهَنَّمَ))، فَقَالَتِ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ سَفْلَةِ النِّسَاءِ سَفْعَاءُ الْخَدَّيْنِ: لِمَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: ((لِأَنَّكُنَّ تُكْثِرْنَ الشَّكَاءَ وَتَكْفُرْنَ الْعَشِيرَ))، فَجَعَلْنَ يَنْزِعْنَ حُلِيَّهُنَّ وَقَلَائِدَهُنَّ وَقِرَطَتَهُنَّ وَخَوَاتِيمَهُنَّ يَقْذِفْنَ بِهِ فِي ثَوْبِ بِلَالٍ يَتَصَدَّقْنَ بِهِ
Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) says: I was present with the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) at the time of Eid prayer. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) began the prayer before the sermon, without any call to prayer or iqamah. After completing the prayer, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) stood up leaning on Sayyiduna Bilal (may Allah be pleased with him), praised Allah, and gave advice and admonition to the people, encouraging them to obey him. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) went towards the women, and Sayyiduna Bilal (may Allah be pleased with him) was also with him. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) commanded them to fear Allah and gave them further advice and admonition. There too, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) praised Allah, encouraged them to obey him, and then said: Give charity, for indeed most of you women are the fuel of Hell. Among the women of the lower ranks, a woman with dark cheeks said: O Messenger of Allah! What is the reason for this? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Because you complain a lot and are ungrateful to your husbands. After this, the women began to take off their jewelry, necklaces, earrings, and rings and started throwing them into the cloth of Sayyiduna Bilal (may Allah be pleased with him) to give in charity.
Hadith 2862
عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ (بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ) أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: ((تَصَدَّقْنَ يَا مَعْشَرَ النِّسَاءِ! وَلَوْ مِنْ حُلِيِّكُنَّ فَإِنَّكُنَّ أَكْثَرُ أَهْلِ النَّارِ))، فَقَامَتِ امْرَأَةٌ لَيْسَتْ مِنْ عِلْيَةِ النِّسَاءِ فَقَالَتْ: لِمَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: ((لِأَنَّكُنَّ تُكْثِرْنَ اللَّعْنَ وَتَكْفُرْنَ الْعَشِيرَ))
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas’ud (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: O assembly of women! Give charity, even if it is from your jewelry, because most of you are dwellers of the Fire. A woman, who was not from among the noble women, stood up and said: O Messenger of Allah! What is the reason for this? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Because you frequently curse and are ungrateful to your husbands.
Hadith 2863
عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: شَهِدْتُّ الصَّلَاةَ يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ وَعُثْمَانَ فَكُلُّهُمْ كَانَ يُصَلِّيها قَبْلَ الْخُطْبَةِ ثُمَّ يَخْطُبُ بَعْدُ، قَالَ: فَنَزَلَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَأَنِّي أَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ حِينَ يُجَلِّسُ الرِّجَالَ بِيَدِهِ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ يَشُقُّهُمْ حَتَّى جَاءَ النِّسَاءَ وَمَعَهُ بِلَالٌ فَقَالَ: {يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِذَا جَاءَكَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ يُبَايِعْنَكَ عَلَى أَنْ لَا يُشْرِكْنَ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا … } فَتَلَى هَٰذِهِ الْآيَةَ حَتَّى فَرَغَ مِنْهَا، ثُمَّ قَالَ حِينَ فَرَغَ مِنْهَا: ((أَنْتُنَّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ؟)) فَقَالَتِ امْرَأَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ لَمْ يُجِبْهُ غَيْرُهَا مِنْهُنَّ: نَعَمْ يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ! لَا يَدْرِي حَسَنٌ مَنْ هِيَ، قَالَ: ((فَتَصَدَّقْنَ))، قَالَ: فَبَسَطَ بِلَالٌ ثَوْبَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ: هَلُمَّ لَكُنَّ فِدَاكُنَّ أَبِي وَأُمِّي، فَجَعَلْنَ يُلْقِينَ الْفَتَخَ وَالْخَوَاتِيمَ فِي ثَوْبِ بِلَالٍ، قَالَ ابْنُ بَكْرٍ: الْخَوَاتِيمَ (زَادَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ) ثُمَّ أَمَرَ بِلَالًا فَجَمَعَهُ فِي ثَوْبٍ حَتَّى أَمْضَاهُ
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) says: I have attended the Eid al-Fitr prayer with the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and with Sayyiduna Abu Bakr, Sayyiduna Umar, and Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with them). All of them used to perform the prayer before the sermon, and then deliver the sermon afterwards. The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), after finishing the Eid sermon, descended, and it is as if I can still see him (peace and blessings be upon him) as he was seating the people with his hand. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) moved forward, parting through the people, and reached the women, while Sayyiduna Bilal (may Allah be pleased with him) was with him. He (peace and blessings be upon him) recited this verse there: {یَا أَیُّہَا النَّبِیُّ اِذَا جَائَ کَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ یُبَایِعْنَکَ عَلٰیٓ أَنْ لَّا یُشْرِکْنَ بِاللّٰہِ شَیْئًا … } (O Prophet! When believing women come to you to pledge allegiance that they will not associate anything with Allah...) He recited the entire verse. When he finished, he said: Are you committed to this (pledge)? One woman replied: Yes, O Messenger of Allah. No other woman spoke. Hasan, the narrator, does not know who she was. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Give charity. So Sayyiduna Bilal (may Allah be pleased with him) spread out a cloth and said: Come, may my parents be sacrificed for you. So they began to put large rings and small rings into the cloth of Sayyiduna Bilal (may Allah be pleased with him). Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) instructed Sayyiduna Bilal (may Allah be pleased with him), and he gathered everything in the cloth, and then they left.
Hadith 2864
عَنْ عَطَاءٍ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَامَ يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ فَبَدَأَ بِالصَّلَاةِ قَبْلَ الْخُطْبَةِ ثُمَّ خَطَبَ النَّاسَ، فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَعَلَى آلِهِ وَصَحْبِهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَزَلَ فَأَتَى النِّسَاءَ فَذَكَّرَهُنَّ وَهُوَ يَتَوَكَّأُ عَلَى يَدِ بِلَالِ وَبِلَالٌ بَاسِطٌ ثَوْبَهُ يُلْقِينَ فِيهِ النِّسَاءُ صَدَقَةً، قَالَ: تُلْقِي الْمَرْأَةُ فَتَخَاهَا وَيُلْقِينَ قَالَ ابْنُ بَكْرٍ فَتَخَتَهَا
Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) stood up on the day of Eid al-Fitr and began with the prayer before the sermon. Then he addressed the people with a sermon. When he finished, he descended and came to the women and gave them advice and admonition, while he (peace and blessings be upon him) was leaning on the hand of Sayyiduna Bilal (may Allah be pleased with him), who had spread out his cloth, and the women were putting their charity in it, giving large rings and other jewelry as charity.
Hadith 2865
عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَخْرُجُ يَوْمَ الْعِيدِ فِي الْفِطْرِ (وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ وَالْأَضْحَى) فَيُصَلِّي بِالنَّاسِ تَيْنِ الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ يَتَقَدَّمُ فَيَسْتَقْبِلُ النَّاسَ وَهُمْ جُلُوسٌ فَيَقُولُ: ((تَصَدَّقُوا، تَصَدَّقُوا، تَصَدَّقُوا)) ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، قَالَ: فَكَانَ أَكْثَرَ مَا يَتَصَدَّقُ مِنَ النَّاسِ النِّسَاءُ بِالْقُرْطِ وَالْخَاتَمَ وَالشَّيْءِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ حَاجَةٌ فِي الْبَعْثِ ذَكَرَهُ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ انْصَرَفَ (وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ) وَإِنْ كَانَ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَضْرِبَ عَلَى النَّاسِ بَعْثًا ذَكَرَهُ وَإِلَّا انْصَرَفَ
Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would go out on the days of Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha, lead the people in two units of Eid prayer, then move forward and turn towards the people while they were sitting, and then say: "Give charity, give charity, give charity." Among the people, women would give the most charity in the form of their earrings, rings, and other items. Then, if the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) needed to send out an army, he would mention it, and if there was no such need, he would return.
Hadith 2866
عَنْ طَارِقِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: أَخْرَجَ مَرْوَانُ الْمِنْبَرَ فِي يَوْمِ عِيدٍ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ يُخْرَجُ بِهِ، وَبَدَأَ بِالْخُطْبَةِ قَبْلَ الصَّلَاةِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ يُبْدَأُ بِهَا، قَالَ: فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ: يَا مَرْوَانُ! خَالَفْتَ السُّنَّةَ أَخْرَجْتَ الْمِنْبَرَ يَوْمَ عِيدٍ وَلَمْ يَكُ يُخْرَجُ بِهِ فِي يَوْمِ عِيدٍ، وَبَدَأْتَ بِالْخُطْبَةِ قَبْلَ الصَّلَاةِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ يُبْدَأُ بِهَا، قَالَ: فَقَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيُّ: مَنْ هَٰذَا؟ قَالُوا: فُلَانُ بْنُ فُلَانٍ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ: أَمَّا هَٰذَا فَقَدْ قَضَى مَا عَلَيْهِ، سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: ((مَنْ رَأَى مِنْكُمْ مُنْكَرًا، فَإِنِ اسْتَطَاعَ أَنْ يُغَيِّرَهُ بِيَدِهِ فَلْيَفْعَلْ، وَقَالَ مَرَّةً فَلْيُغَيِّرْهُ بِيَدِهِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ بِيَدِهِ فَبِلِسَانِهِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ بِلِسَانِهِ فَبِقَلْبِهِ وَذَلِكَ أَضْعَفُ الْإِيمَانِ))
Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that Marwan had a pulpit placed on the day of Eid (in the Eidgah), whereas it had never been brought out before, and he began with the sermon before the prayer, whereas previously the prayer was begun first. A man stood up and said: "Marwan! You have opposed the Sunnah. Today, on the day of Eid, you have brought out the pulpit, whereas it was not brought out before, and you have started with the sermon before the prayer, whereas the sermon was not begun first." Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) asked: "Who is this man?" The people said: "So-and-so, son of so-and-so." Then he said: "This person has fulfilled his responsibility. I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: 'Whoever among you sees an evil, let him change it with his hand; if he is not able to do so, then with his tongue; and if he is not able to do so, then with his heart—and that is the weakest level of faith.'"
Hadith 2867
عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: كُنَّا جُلُوسًا فِي الْمُصَلَّى يَوْمَ أَضْحَى فَأَتَانَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَسَلَّمَ عَلَى النَّاسِ ثُمَّ قَالَ: ((إِنَّ أَوَّلَ نُسُكِ يَوْمِكُمْ هَٰذَا الصَّلَاةُ))، قَالَ: فَتَقَدَّمَ فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ اسْتَقْبَلَ النَّاسَ بِوَجْهِهِ وَأُعْطِيَ قَوْسًا أَوْ عَصًا فَاتَّكَأَ عَلَيْهِ، فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ وَأَمَرَهُمْ وَنَهَاهُمْ وَقَالَ: ((مَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ عَجَّلَ ذَبْحًا فَإِنَّمَا هِيَ جَزْرَةٌ أَطْعَمَهَا أَهْلَهُ، إِنَّمَا الذَّبْحُ بَعْدَ الصَّلَاةِ))، فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ خَالِي أَبُو بُرْدَةَ بْنُ نِيَارٍ فَقَالَ: أَنَا عَجَّلْتُ ذَبْحَ شَاتِي يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ! لِيُصْنَعَ لَنَا طَعَامٌ نَجْتَمِعُ عَلَيْهِ إِذَا رَجَعْنَا، وَعِنْدِي جَذَعَةٌ مِنْ مَعْزٍ هِيَ أَوْفَى مِنَ الَّذِي ذَبَحْتُ أَفَتُغْنِي عَنِّي يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: ((نَعَمْ، وَلَنْ تُغْنِيَ عَنْ أَحَدٍ بَعْدَكَ))، قَالَ: ثُمَّ قَالَ: {يَا بِلَالُ!} قَالَ: فَمَشَى وَاتَّبَعَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَتَّى أَتَى النِّسَاءَ فَقَالَ: ((يَا مَعْشَرَ النِّسَاءِ! تَصَدَّقْنَ، الصَّدَقَةُ خَيْرٌ لَكُنَّ))، قَالَ: فَمَا رَأَيْتُ يَوْمًا قَطُّ أَكْثَرَ خَدَمَةً مَقْطُوعَةً وَقِلَادَةً وَقُرْطًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ
Sayyiduna Bara’ bin Azib (may Allah be pleased with him) says: We were sitting in the Eid ground on the day of Eid al-Adha when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came, greeted the people, and said: The first act of worship on this day of yours is the prayer. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) moved forward, led two rak‘ahs of prayer, and after saying salam, turned towards the people. Then a bow or staff was given to him, he (peace and blessings be upon him) leaned on it, and after praising and glorifying Allah Almighty, he commanded the people regarding some matters and forbade them from others. Then he said: Whoever among you hastened and slaughtered the sacrifice (before the prayer), it is merely meat that he has fed to his family; the sacrifice is after the Eid prayer. Upon hearing this, my uncle Sayyiduna Abu Buraydah bin Niyar (may Allah be pleased with him) stood up towards the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: O Messenger of Allah! I hastened and sacrificed my goat; my intention was that the food would be prepared and when we return, we would eat together. Now I have a one-year-old (kid) goat, but it is fatter than the animal I slaughtered. Will it suffice for me? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Yes, but after you, it will not suffice for anyone else. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: O Bilal! So Sayyiduna Bilal (may Allah be pleased with him) set out and the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) followed him, until they reached the women. (Addressing them in a sermon) he said: O assembly of women! Give charity, for giving charity is better for you. (Then the women gave so much charity that) I had never seen so many anklets, necklaces, and earrings as I saw on that day.
Hadith 2868
عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ مَوْلَى عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَزْهَرَ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ عَلِيًّا وَعُثْمَانَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا يُصَلِّيَانِ يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ وَالْأَضْحَى ثُمَّ يَنْصَرِفَانِ يُذَكِّرَانِ النَّاسَ، قَالَ: وَسَمِعْتُهُمَا يَقُولَانِ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَهَى عَنْ صِيَامِ هَٰذَيْنِ الْيَوْمَيْنِ قَالَ: وَسَمِعْتُ عَلِيًّا رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ يَقُولُ: نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ يَبْقَى مِنْ نُسُكِكُمْ عِنْدَكُمْ شَيْءٌ بَعْدَ ثَلَاثٍ
Mawla Abdul Rahman bin Azhar Abu Ubaid says: I saw Sayyiduna Ali and Sayyiduna Uthman, may Allah be pleased with them, they would first lead the prayers of Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha, and after finishing, they would admonish and advise the people. They would also say that indeed the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, forbade fasting on these two days. I myself heard Sayyiduna Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, saying that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, forbade that any of you should keep the meat of the sacrifice for more than three days.
Hadith 2869
(وَعَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ) قَالَ: ثُمَّ شَهِدْتُّهُ مَعَ عَلِيٍّ فَصَلَّى قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْطُبَ بِلَا أَذَانٍ وَلَا إِقَامَةٍ، ثُمَّ خَطَبَ فَقَالَ: يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ! إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَدْ نَهَى أَنْ تَأْكُلُوا نُسُكَكُمْ بَعْدَ ثَلَاثِ لَيَالٍ فَلَا تَأْكُلُوهَا بَعْدُ
(Second chain) Abu Ubaid says: Then I was present with Sayyiduna Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, he performed the prayer before the sermon without adhan or iqamah, then delivered the sermon and said: O people! Indeed, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, forbade you from eating the meat of sacrifice after three days, so do not eat it after that amount.
