الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
أبواب صلاة الجماعةChapters on Congregational Prayer
بَابُ جَوَازِ الاسْتِخْلَافِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ وَجَوَازِ انْتِقَالِ الْخَلِيفَةِ مَأْمُومًا إِذَا حَضَرَ مُسْتَخْلِفُهُ
Chapter on the permissibility of appointing a deputy in prayer and the deputy becoming a follower if the original Imam arrives
Hadith 2580
عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: كَانَ قِتَالٌ بَيْنَ بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ فَبَلَغَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَتَاهُمْ بَعْدَ الظُّهْرِ لِيُصْلِحَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَقَالَ: ((يَا بِلَالُ! إِنْ حَضَرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ وَلَمْ آتِ فَمُرْ أَبَا بَكْرٍ يُصَلِّ بِالنَّاسِ))، قَالَ: فَلَمَّا حَضَرَتِ الْعَصْرُ أَقَامَ بِلَالٌ الصَّلَاةَ (وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أَذَّنَ ثُمَّ أَقَامَ) ثُمَّ أَمَرَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَتَقَدَّمَ بِهِمْ وَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَعْدَ مَا دَخَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَلَمَّا رَأَوْهُ صَفَّحُوا وَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَشُقُّ النَّاسَ حَتَّى قَامَ خَلْفَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، قَالَ: وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِذَا دَخَلَ الصَّلَاةَ لَمْ يَلْتَفِتْ فَلَمَّا رَأَى التَّصْفِيحَ لَا يُمْسَكُ عَنْهُ، الْتَفَتَ فَرَأَى النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَلْفَهُ فَأَوْمَأَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِيَدِهِ أَنِ امْضِهْ فَقَامَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ هُنَيَّةً، فَحَمِدَ لِلَّهِ عَلَى ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ مَشَى الْقَهْقَرَى، قَالَ: فَتَقَدَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَصَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ، فَلَمَّا قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ صَلَاتَهُ قَالَ: ((يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ! مَا مَنَعَكَ إِذْ أَوْمَأْتُ إِلَيْكَ أَنْ لَا تَكُونَ مَضَيْتَ))، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أَنْ تَمْضِيَ فِي صَلَاتِكَ؟ قَالَ: فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: لَمْ يَكُنْ لِابْنِ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ أَنْ يُؤُمَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ لِلنَّاسِ: ((إِذَا نَابَكُمْ فِي صَلَاتِكُمْ شَيْءٌ فَلْيُسَبِّحِ الرِّجَالُ وَلْيُصَفِّحِ))، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ وَلْيُصَفِّقِ النِّسَاءُ، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((فَأَنْتُمْ لِمَ صَفَّحْتُمْ؟)) قَالُوا: لِنُعْلِمَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ، قَالَ: ((إِنَّ التَّصْفِيحَ لِلنِّسَاءِ وَالتَّسْبِيحَ لِلرِّجَالِ))
Sayyiduna Sahl bin Sa’d (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: There was a dispute among the Banu Amr bin Awf tribe. When the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) received this news, he went to them after the Zuhr prayer to reconcile between them and said: “Bilal, if the time for prayer comes and I do not arrive, then instruct Abu Bakr to lead the people in prayer.” When the time for Asr arrived, Sayyiduna Bilal (may Allah be pleased with him) gave the call to prayer, then the Iqamah, and instructed Sayyiduna Abu Bakr to lead the prayer. So he stepped forward (and began the prayer). Meanwhile, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) also arrived. When the people saw him, they began clapping their hands. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came through the rows of people and stood behind Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), when engaged in prayer, would not pay attention to anything else, but this time, when he thought the clapping was not stopping, he turned around and saw the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) behind him. But the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gestured to him to continue the prayer. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) paused for a moment, but then, praising Allah, stepped back on his heels, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) moved forward and led the people in prayer. When he (peace and blessings be upon him) completed the prayer, he said: “O Abu Bakr! When I gestured to you, what prevented you from continuing the prayer?” Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) replied: “It does not befit the son of Abu Quhafa to lead the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) in prayer.” Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to the people: “If anything happens to you during prayer, men should say ‘Subhan Allah’ and women should clap their hands.” Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Well, why did you clap your hands?” They said: “We wanted to inform Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) of your arrival.” Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Clapping is for women, and saying ‘Subhan Allah’ is for men.”
Hadith 2581
عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ فِي مَرَضِهِ: ((مُرُوا أَبَا بَكْرٍ يُصَلِّي بِالنَّاسِ))، فَخَرَجَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَكَبَّرَ، وَوَجَدَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَاحَةً فَخَرَجَ يُهَادَى بَيْنَ رَجُلَيْنِ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ تَأَخَّرَ، فَأَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَكَانَكَ، ثُمَّ جَلَسَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى جَنْبِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَاقْتَرَأَ مِنَ الْمَكَانِ الَّذِي بَلَغَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ مِنَ السُّورَةِ
Sayyiduna Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib (may Allah be pleased with him) says that indeed the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said during his illness: Order Abu Bakr to lead the people in prayer. So Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) came out and began the prayer by saying Allahu Akbar. Meanwhile, the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) felt some relief, so he (peace and blessings be upon him) also came out, supported by two men. When Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) saw him (peace and blessings be upon him), he began to step back, but he (peace and blessings be upon him) gestured to him to remain in his place. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) came and sat on the (left) side of Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and began reciting from the place in the Surah where Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) had reached.
Hadith 2582
عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: لَمَّا مَرِضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَمَرَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ بِالنَّاسِ، ثُمَّ وَجَدَ خِفَّةً فَخَرَجَ، فَلَمَّا أَحَسَّ بِهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَنْكُصَ فَأَوْمَأَ إِلَيْهِ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَجَلَسَ إِلَى جَنْبِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ عَنْ يَسَارِهِ وَاسْتَفْتَحَ مِنَ الْآيَةِ الَّتِي انْتَهَى إِلَيْهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) says: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) fell ill, he (peace and blessings be upon him) instructed Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) to lead the people in prayer. Then one day, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) felt some relief, so he came (to the mosque). When Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) sensed the arrival of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), he intended to step back, but the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gestured to him (to remain in his place). Then the Prophet came and sat to the left of Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and began reciting from the verse where Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) had reached.
Hadith 2583
((وَعَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ) بِنَحْوِهِ وَفِيهِ) فَجَاءَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَتَّى جَلَسَ، قَالَ وَقَامَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يُؤَتَّمُّ بِالنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَالنَّاسُ يُؤَتَّمُّونَ بِأَبِي بَكْرٍ، قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: وَأَخَذَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنَ الْقِرَاءَةِ مِنْ حَيْثُ بَلَغَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَمَاتَ فِي مَرَضِهِ ذَاكَ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ
(Second chain of narration) Then the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came and sat down, and Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) stood to his right side. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) led, and the people followed him in prayer. Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: And the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) began the recitation from where Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) had reached, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away during that same illness.
Hadith 2584
عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَمَرَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ بِالنَّاسِ فِي مَرَضِهِ الَّذِي مَاتَ فِيهِ، فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ يُصَلِّي بِالنَّاسِ قَاعِدًا وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ يُصَلِّي بِالنَّاسِ وَالنَّاسُ خَلْفَهُ (وَفِي لَفْظٍ) كَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يُؤَتَّمُّ بِالنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَالنَّاسُ يُؤَتَّمُّونَ بِأَبِي بَكْرٍ
Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) during his final illness ordered Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) to lead the people in prayer. One day, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was sitting in front of Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and was leading the people in prayer, and Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) was leading the people in prayer, and the people were behind him. In one narration it is stated: Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) was following the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and the people were following him.
