الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
أبواب صلاة السفر وآدابه وأذكاره وما يتعلق بهChapters on Travel Prayer, Its Etiquettes, Remembrances, and Related Matters
بَابُ مُدَّةِ الْقَصْرِ وَمَتَى يُتِمُّ الْمُسَافِرُ وَحُكْمِ مَنْ لَمْ يَجْمَعْ إِقَامَةً
Chapter on the Duration of Shortening Prayer, When the Traveler Completes, and the Ruling on One Without a Set Intention
Hadith 2371
عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: سَافَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَقَامَ تِسْعَ عَشْرَةَ يُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فَنَحْنُ إِذَا سَافَرْنَا فَأَقَمْنَا تِسْعَ عَشْرَةَ صَلَّيْنَا رَكْعَتَيْنِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، فَإِذَا أَقَمْنَا أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ صَلَّيْنَا أَرْبَعًا
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) says: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) undertook a journey and stayed (in Makkah) for nineteen days, and he used to perform prayers of two rak‘ahs each. Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) says: This is why, when we stay for nineteen days during a journey, we perform two rak‘ahs, but when we stay for more days than that, we perform four rak‘ahs.
Hadith 2372
(وَعَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ) قَالَ: لَمَّا فَتَحَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَكَّةَ أَقَامَ فِيهَا سَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ يُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ
(Second chain) They say: When the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) conquered Makkah, he stayed there for seventeen days and performed prayers in two units (rak‘ahs).
Hadith 2373
عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: أَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِتَبُوكَ عِشْرِينَ يَوْمًا يَقْصُرُ الصَّلَاةَ
Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) stayed in Tabuk for twenty days and during that time continued to perform shortened prayers.
Hadith 2374
عَنْ ثُمَامَةَ بْنِ شَرَاحِيلَ قَالَ: خَرَجْتُ إِلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ، فَقُلْتُ: مَا صَلَاةُ الْمُسَافِرِ؟ فَقَالَ: رَكْعَتَيْنِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ إِلَّا صَلَاةَ الْمَغْرِبِ ثَلَاثًا، قُلْتُ: أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ كُنَّا بِذِي الْمَجَازِ؟ قَالَ: وَمَا ذُو الْمَجَازِ؟ قُلْتُ: مَكَانٌ نَجْتَمِعُ فِيهِ وَنَبِيعُ فِيهِ وَنَمْكُثُ عِشْرِينَ لَيْلَةً أَوْ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً، قَالَ: يَا أَيُّهَا الرَّجُلُ كُنْتُ بِأَذْرَبِيجَانَ، لَا أَدْرِي قَالَ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ أَوْ شَهْرَيْنِ، فَرَأَيْتُهُمْ يُصَلُّونَهَا رَكْعَتَيْنِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، وَرَأَيْتُ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ نُصْبَ عَيْنَيَّ يُصَلِّيها رَكْعَتَيْنِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ نَزَعَ هَٰذِهِ الْآيَةَ: {لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ} حَتَّى فَرَغَ مِنَ الْآيَةِ
Thumamah bin Sharahil says: I came to Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, and said: What is the ruling regarding the prayer of a traveler? He said: It is two rak‘ahs, except for Maghrib prayer, which is three rak‘ahs. I said: What do you think, if we are in Dhu al-Majaz? He said: What is Dhu al-Majaz? I said: It is the name of a place, we gather there and buy and sell, and we stay there for fifteen or twenty nights. He said: Oh! I stayed in Azerbaijan for four or two months, I saw those people there performing two rak‘ahs of prayer, and I saw the Noble Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, with my own eyes, that he too performed two rak‘ahs of prayer. Then Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, recited this verse {لَقَدْ کَانَ لَکُمْ فِی رَسُوْلِ اللّٰہِ اُسْوَۃٌ حَسَنَۃٌ} meaning: Indeed, for you in the Messenger of Allah is a beautiful example. Until he finished the verse.
Hadith 2375
عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ قَالَ: مَرَّ عِمْرَانُ بْنُ حُصَيْنٍ فَجَلَسْنَا فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ فَتَى مِنَ الْقَوْمِ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ صَلَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الْغَزْوِ وَالْحَجِّ وَالْعُمْرَةِ، فَجَاءَ فَوَقَفَ عَلَيْنَا، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ هَٰذَا سَأَلَنِي عَنْ أَمْرٍ فَأَرَدْتُّ أَنْ تَسْمَعُوهُ أَوْ كَمَا قَالَ، غَزَوْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَلَمْ يُصَلِّ إِلَّا رَكْعَتَيْنِ حَتَّى رَجَعَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، وَحَجَجْتُ مَعَهُ فَلَمْ يُصَلِّ إِلَّا رَكْعَتَيْنِ حَتَّى رَجَعَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، وَشَهِدْتُ مَعَهُ الْفَتْحَ فَأَقَامَ بِمَكَّةَ ثَمَانَ عَشْرَةَ لَا يُصَلِّي إِلَّا رَكْعَتَيْنِ، وَيَقُولُ لِأَهْلِ الْبَلَدِ صَلُّوا أَرْبَعًا فَإِنَّا سَفَرٌ، وَاعْتَمَرْتُ مَعَهُ ثَلَاثَ عُمَرٍ فَلَمْ يُصَلِّ إِلَّا رَكْعَتَيْنِ، وَحَجَجْتُ مَعَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ حَجَّاتٍ فَلَمْ يُصَلِّيَا إِلَّا رَكْعَتَيْنِ حَتَّى رَجَعَا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ
Abu Nazrah says: Sayyiduna Imran bin Husain (may Allah be pleased with him) was passing by, so we sat down and a young man from the group went to him and asked him about the prayer of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) during journeys of battle, Hajj, and Umrah. He came and stood among us and said: This young man has asked me a question, and I want all of you to hear its answer. The matter is that I performed jihad with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed two rak‘ahs until he returned to Madinah. I also performed Hajj with him (peace and blessings be upon him), and (on that journey too) he (peace and blessings be upon him) performed only two rak‘ahs until he returned to Madinah. Then I was present with him (peace and blessings be upon him) at the conquest of Makkah, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) stayed there for eighteen days and prayed only two rak‘ahs, but he (peace and blessings be upon him) used to say to the people of the city: You should pray four rak‘ahs, because we are travelers. Then I performed three Umrahs with him (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) continued to pray only two rak‘ahs. After that, I performed several Hajj with Sayyiduna Abu Bakr and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with them), and both of them used to pray only two rak‘ahs until they returned to Madinah.
Hadith 2376
((وَعَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ) بِنَحْوِهِ وَفِيهِ) مَا سَافَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَفَرًا إِلَّا صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ حَتَّى يَرْجِعَ، وَإِنَّهُ أَقَامَ بِمَكَّةَ زَمَانَ الْفَتْحِ ثَمَانِيَ عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً يُصَلِّي بِالنَّاسِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، قَالَ أَبِي وَحَدَّثَنَاهُ يُونُسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ وَزَادَ فِيهِ إِلَّا الْمَغْرِبَ، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: ((يَا أَهْلَ مَكَّةَ قُومُوا فَصَلُّوا رَكْعَتَيْنِ أُخْرَيَيْنِ فَإِنَّا سَفَرٌ))، ثُمَّ غَزَا حُنَيْنًا وَالطَّائِفَ فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى جِعْرَانَةَ فَاعْتَمَرَ مِنْهَا فِي ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ، ثُمَّ غَزَوْتُ مَعَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ وَحَجَجْتُ وَاعْتَمَرْتُ فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، وَمَعَ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، قَالَ يُونُسُ إِلَّا الْمَغْرِبَ، وَمَعَ عُثْمَانَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ صَدْرَ إِمَارَتِهِ، قَالَ يُونُسُ: رَكْعَتَيْنِ إِلَّا الْمَغْرِبَ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ عُثْمَانَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ صَلَّى بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ أَرْبَعًا
(Second chain of narration) Whenever the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, undertook a journey, he performed only two rak‘ahs of prayer until he returned. On the occasion of the conquest of Makkah, he stayed in Makkah for eighteen nights and led the people in two rak‘ahs of prayer, except for Maghrib. Then he would say to the residents: O people of Makkah! Stand up and perform two more rak‘ahs, for we are travelers. Then the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, performed two rak‘ahs in the Battle of Hunayn and the Battle of Ta’if. Then the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, returned towards Ji‘irrana, and from there performed ‘Umrah in the month of Dhu al-Qa‘dah. (During these journeys, he continued to perform shortened prayers.) Then I performed jihad, Hajj, and ‘Umrah with Sayyiduna Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, and he too performed only two rak‘ahs except for Maghrib. (After that, I did the same) with Sayyiduna ‘Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, and he too performed only two rak‘ahs. Then Sayyiduna ‘Uthman, may Allah be pleased with him, in the beginning of his caliphate, also performed (shortened prayers) in the same way, but after that he started performing four rak‘ahs.
