الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
أبواب صلاة السفر وآدابه وأذكاره وما يتعلق بهChapters on Travel Prayer, Its Etiquettes, Remembrances, and Related Matters
بَابُ مَسَافَةِ الْقَصْرِ وَحُكْمِ مَنْ نَزَلَ بِبَلَدٍ فَنَوَى الْإِقَامَةَ فِيهِ وَإِتْمَامِ الْمُسَافِرِ إِذَا
Chapter on the Distance for Shortening Prayer, the Ruling on One Who Intends to Stay in a Town, and Completing Prayer if the Traveler Intends to Stay
Hadith 2357
عَنْ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ نُفَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي السِّمْطِ أَنَّهُ أَتَى أَرْضًا يُقَالُ لَهَا دَوْمِينُ، مِنْ حِمْصَ عَلَى رَأْسِ ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ مِيلًا فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: أَتُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ؟ فَقَالَ: رَأَيْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ بِذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ يُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ، فَسَأَلْتُهُ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّمَا أَفْعَلُ كَمَا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَوْ قَالَ: كَمَا فَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ
Jubair bin Nafeer says: Hazrat Abu Samt came to a place called Dumein, which is eighteen miles from Homs, and there he performed two rak'ahs of prayer. I said: Are you performing only two rak'ahs of prayer? He said: I saw Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) performing two rak'ahs of prayer at Dhu'l-Hulaifah, and when I asked him about it, he said: I will do as I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) doing.
Hadith 2358
عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَافَرَ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ (وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ سِرْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَ مَكَّةَ وَالْمَدِينَةِ) لَا يَخَافُ إِلَّا اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ حَتَّى رَجَعَ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) traveled from Madinah Munawwarah (and in another narration: we traveled between Makkah and Madinah in the company of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) feared none but Allah Almighty, yet even so, until his return, he continued to perform two rak‘ahs of prayer.
Hadith 2359
عَنْ حَارِثَةَ بْنِ وَهْبٍ الْخُزَاعِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: صَلَّيْنَا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ الظُّهْرَ وَالْعَصْرَ بِمِنَى أَكْثَرَ مَا كَانَ النَّاسُ وَآمَنَهُ رَكْعَتَيْنِ
Sayyiduna Haritha bin Wahb Khuzai (may Allah be pleased with him) says: We performed the Zuhr and Asr prayers in Mina with the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) as two rak‘ahs each, even though at that time the number of people was the greatest and there was complete safety. The essence of these hadiths is that the shortening (qasr) of prayer is not related to the fear of the enemy or only to a journey of jihad, rather, in every journey, the prayer will be shortened, whether there is safety or fear.
Hadith 2360
عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ بِمَكَّةَ، فَقُلْتُ: إِذَا كُنَّا مَعَكُمْ صَلَّيْنَا أَرْبَعًا، وَإِذَا رَجَعْنَا إِلَى رِحَالِنَا صَلَّيْنَا رَكْعَتَيْنِ، قَالَ: سُنَّةُ أَبِي الْقَاسِمِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ
Musa bin Salamah says: We were in Makkah with Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him). I said: When we are with you, we perform four rak‘ahs of prayer, and when we return to our residences, we perform two rak‘ahs (shortened prayer). Sayyiduna Abdullah said: This is the Sunnah of Abu al-Qasim (peace and blessings be upon him).
Hadith 2361
(وَعَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ) قَالَ قُلْتُ لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ إِذَا لَمْ تُدْرِكِ الصَّلَاةَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ كَمْ تُصَلِّي فِي الْبَطْحَاءِ قَالَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ سُنَّةُ أَبِي الْقَاسِمِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ
(Second chain) I said to Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both: When you do not find the congregational prayer in the mosque, how many rak‘ahs do you pray in Batha’? He said: I pray two rak‘ahs, and this is the Sunnah of Abu al-Qasim, peace and blessings be upon him.
Hadith 2362
(وَعَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَالِثٍ) قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، قُلْتُ: إِنِّي أَكُونُ بِمَكَّةَ فَكَيْفَ أُصَلِّي؟ فَقَالَ: رَكْعَتَيْنِ سُنَّةُ أَبِي الْقَاسِمِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ
(The third chain) I asked Abdullah bin Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both: When I am in Mecca, how should I pray there? He replied: Two rak‘ahs, and this is the Sunnah of Abu al-Qasim, peace and blessings be upon him and his family.
Hadith 2363
عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: صَلَّيْتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِمِنَى رَكْعَتَيْنِ، وَمَعَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَمَعَ عُمَرَ وَمَعَ عُثْمَانَ صَدْرًا مِنْ أَمَارَتِهِ ثُمَّ أَتَمَّ
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) says: I prayed in Mina with the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), Sayyiduna Abu Bakr, Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with them), and with Sayyiduna Uthman for six years; they used to pray the traveller’s prayer.
Hadith 2364
عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: صَلَّى بِنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ الظُّهْرَ فِي مَسْجِدِهِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى بِنَا الْعَصْرَ بِذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ آمِنًا لَا يَخَافُ فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ
Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik Ansari رضي الله عنه narrates: The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم led us in four rak‘ahs of Zuhr prayer in the Prophet’s Mosque in Madinah, and at the place of Dhu’l-Hulayfah he led us in two rak‘ahs of ‘Asr prayer. This was during the journey of Hajjat al-Wada‘. He صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم was in a state of security and was not afraid of anyone.
Hadith 2365
عَنْ شُعْبَةَ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَزِيدَ الْهُنَائِيِّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنْ قَصْرِ الصَّلَاةِ، قَالَ كُنْتُ أَخْرُجُ إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ فَأُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ حَتَّى أَرْجِعَ، وَقَالَ أَنَسٌ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذَا خَرَجَ مَسِيرَةَ ثَلَاثَةِ أَمِيَالٍ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةِ فَرَاسِخَ شُعْبَةُ الشَّاكُّ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ
Yahya bin Yazid Hanai says: I asked Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) about the shortened prayer (Qasr Salah) and said that I go towards Kufa and keep offering two rak'ahs of prayer until I return. Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to offer two rak'ahs of prayer when he went out for a distance of three miles or three farsakhs. Imam Shu'bah was uncertain about this.
Hadith 2366
عَنْ حَفْصٍ عَنْ أَنَسٍ بْنِ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أُنْطَلِقَ بِنَا إِلَى الشَّامِ إِلَى عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ وَنَحْنُ أَرْبَعُونَ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ لِيَفْرِضَ لَنَا، فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ وَكُنَّا بِفَجِّ النَّاقَةِ صَلَّى بِنَا الْعَصْرَ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ وَدَخَلَ فُسْطَاطَهُ وَقَامَ الْقَوْمُ يُضِيفُونَ إِلَى رَكْعَتَيْهِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ أُخْرَيَيْنِ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ: قَبَّحَ اللَّهُ الْوُجُوهَ، فَوَاللَّهِ مَا أَصَابَتِ السُّنَّةَ وَلَا قَبِلَتِ الرُّخْصَةَ، فَأَشْهَدُ لَسَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: ((إِنَّ أَقْوَامًا يَتَعَمَّقُونَ فِي الدِّينِ يَمْرُقُونَ كَمَا يَمْرُقُ السَّهْمُ مِنَ الرَّمِيَّةِ))
Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) says: Forty Ansari men were sent by us to ‘Abd al-Malik in Syria, so that he might appoint something for us. When he (Anas, may Allah be pleased with him) returned and we reached the place of Fajj al-Naqah, he led us in the ‘Asr prayer, performing two rak‘ahs, and after saying salam, he went into his tent. But what happened was that the (followers) stood up and began to perform two more rak‘ahs along with those two. Upon this, Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: May Allah disfigure these faces! By Allah, they have neither attained the Sunnah nor accepted the concession. I bear witness that I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: Indeed, some people will go to extremes and excess in the religion, but then will leave the religion just as an arrow leaves the prey.
Hadith 2367
عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنْ قَصْرِ الصَّلَاةِ، فَقَالَ: سَافَرْنَا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ إِلَى مَكَّةَ فَصَلَّى بِنَا رَكْعَتَيْنِ حَتَّى رَجَعْنَا، فَسَأَلْتُهُ: هَلْ أَقَامَ؟ فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَقَامَ بِمَكَّةَ عَشْرًا
Yahya bin Abi Ishaq says: I asked Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) about the shortened prayer (Qasr). He said: We traveled with the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) from Madinah to Makkah, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) continued to lead us in two-unit prayers until he returned. I asked: Did he (peace and blessings be upon him) also stay there? He said: Yes, he (peace and blessings be upon him) stayed in Makkah for ten days.
Hadith 2368
عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: صَلَّيْتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِمِنَى رَكْعَتَيْنِ، وَمَعَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَمَعَ عُمَرَ وَمَعَ عُثْمَانَ صَدْرًا مِنْ أَمَارَتِهِ ثُمَّ أَتَمَّ
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) says: I offered two rak‘ahs of prayer at Mina with the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), Sayyiduna Abu Bakr and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), and with Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) in the early period of his caliphate. Then, Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) used to offer the full prayer there.
Hadith 2369
عَنْ أَبِي جُحَيْفَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: صَلَّيْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالْأَبْطَحِ الْعَصْرَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ (وَفِي لَفْظٍ) الظُّهْرَ وَالْعَصْرَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ (زَادَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ) ثُمَّ لَمْ يَزَلْ يُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ حَتَّى أَتَى الْمَدِينَةَ
Sayyiduna Abu Juhaifah (may Allah be pleased with him) says: I performed ‘Asr prayer, or both Zuhr and ‘Asr, two rak‘ahs each, with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) at the place of Abtah. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) continued to perform two rak‘ahs each until he reached Madinah Munawwarah.
Hadith 2370
عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبَّادِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَبَّادٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا قَدِمَ عَلَيْنَا مُعَاوِيَةُ يَعْنِي (بْنَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ) رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ حَاجًّا قَدِمْنَا مَعَهُ مَكَّةَ، قَالَ فَصَلَّى بِنَا الظُّهْرَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ إِلَى دَارِ النَّدْوَةِ، قَالَ: وَكَانَ عُثْمَانُ حِينَ أَتَمَّ الصَّلَاةَ إِذَا قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ صَلَّى بِهَا الظُّهْرَ وَالْعَصْرَ وَالْعِشَاءَ الْآخِرَةَ أَرْبَعًا أَرْبَعًا، فَإِذَا خَرَجَ إِلَى مِنَى وَعَرَفَاتٍ قَصَرَ الصَّلَاةَ، فَإِذَا فَرَغَ مِنَ الْحَجِّ وَأَقَامَ بِمِنَى أَتَمَّ الصَّلَاةَ حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ مِنْ مَكَّةَ، فَلَمَّا صَلَّى بِنَا الظُّهْرَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ (يَعْنِي مُعَاوِيَةَ) نَهَضَ إِلَيْهِ مَرْوَانُ بْنُ الْحَكَمِ وَعَمْرُو بْنُ عُثْمَانَ فَقَالَا لَهُ: مَا عَابَ أَحَدٌ ابْنَ عَمِّكَ بِأَقْبَحِ مَا عِبْتَهُ بِهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُمَا: وَمَا ذَاكَ؟ قَالَا: فَقَالَا لَهُ: أَلَمْ تَعْلَمْ أَنَّهُ أَتَمَّ الصَّلَاةَ بِمَكَّةَ؟ قَالَ: فَقَالَ لَهُمَا: وَيْحَكُمَا، وَهَلْ كَانَ غَيْرَ مَا صَنَعْتُ؟ قَدْ صَلَّيْتُهَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَمَعَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَا: فَإِنَّ ابْنَ عَمِّكَ قَدْ كَانَ أَتَمَّهَا، وَإِنَّ خِلَافَكَ إِيَّاهُ لَهُ عَيْبٌ، قَالَ فَخَرَجَ مُعَاوِيَةُ إِلَى الْعَصْرِ فَصَلَّاهَا بِنَا أَرْبَعًا
‘Abad says: Sayyiduna Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan (may Allah be pleased with him) came for Hajj, so we also came with him to Makkah. He led us in two rak‘ahs of Zuhr prayer and then went to Dar al-Nadwah. When Sayyiduna ‘Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) used to come to Makkah, he would lead four rak‘ahs each for Zuhr, ‘Asr, and ‘Isha prayers, but when he went to Mina and ‘Arafat, he would perform Qasr (shortened) prayers. Then, when he finished Hajj and stayed in Mina, he would perform the full prayer until he left Makkah Mukarramah. After that, when Sayyiduna Muawiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) led us in two rak‘ahs of Zuhr prayer, Marwan bin Hakam and ‘Amr bin ‘Uthman went to him and said: “You have attributed the worst fault to your cousin (Sayyiduna ‘Uthman, may Allah be pleased with him).” He asked: “What is that?” They both said: “Do you not know that he used to perform the full prayer in Makkah?” He said: “May you perish! Is there any other way to do what I have done? I have prayed this prayer with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), Sayyiduna Abu Bakr, and Sayyiduna ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with them).” But they both said again: “Your cousin performed the full prayer, and it is a fault against him that you oppose him.” After that, when Sayyiduna Muawiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) came for ‘Asr, he led four rak‘ahs.
