الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
أبواب صلاة السفر وآدابه وأذكاره وما يتعلق بهChapters on Travel Prayer, Its Etiquettes, Remembrances, and Related Matters
بَابُ افْتِرَاضِ صَلَاةِ السَّفَرِ وَحُكْمِهَا
Chapter on the Obligation of the Traveler’s Prayer and Its Ruling
Hadith 2345
عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَرَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ: كَانَ أَوَّلَ مَا افْتُرِضَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ الصَّلَاةُ رَكْعَتَانِ رَكْعَتَانِ إِلَّا الْمَغْرِبَ فَإِنَّهَا كَانَتْ ثَلَاثًا ثُمَّ أَتَمَّ اللَّهُ الظُّهْرَ وَالْعَصْرَ وَالْعِشَاءَ الْآخِرَةَ أَرْبَعًا فِي الْحَضَرِ، وَأَقَرَّ الصَّلَاةَ عَلَى فَرْضِهَا الْأَوَّلِ فِي السَّفَرِ
The wife of the Messenger, Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), says: The prayer that was initially made obligatory upon the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) was two rak'ahs each, except for Maghrib, which was three rak'ahs. Then Allah Almighty completed the prayers of Dhuhr, Asr, and Isha to four rak'ahs each in residence, and the initially prescribed (two rak'ahs) were fixed for travel.
Hadith 2346
(وَعَنْهَا مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ) قَالَتْ: قَدْ فُرِضَتِ الصَّلَاةُ رَكْعَتَيْنِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ بِمَكَّةَ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْمَدِينَةَ زَادَ مَعَ كُلِّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ إِلَّا الْمَغْرِبَ فَإِنَّهَا وَتْرُ النَّهَارِ، وَصَلَاةَ الْفَجْرِ لِطُولِ قِرَاءَتِهَا، قَالَتْ: وَكَانَ إِذَا سَافَرَ صَلَّى الصَّلَاةَ الْأُوْلَى
(Second chain of narration) She says: In Makkah, the prayers were made obligatory as two rak‘ahs each. When the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, came to Madinah, two more rak‘ahs were added to each prayer, except for the Maghrib prayer, because it is the witr of the day, and except for the Fajr prayer, because its recitation is lengthy. Sayyidah Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, further says: When the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, was on a journey, he would perform the earlier (shortened) prayer.
Hadith 2347
عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: فَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ صَلَاةَ الْحَضَرِ أَرْبَعًا وَفِي السَّفَرِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، وَالْخَوْفِ رَكْعَةً عَلَى لِسَانِ نَبِيِّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) says: Allah Almighty, through the tongue of His Prophet, made four rak‘ahs obligatory for the prayer at home, two rak‘ahs for the prayer during travel, and one rak‘ah for the prayer in fear.
Hadith 2348
عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَحْرٍ أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ فَرَضَ لَكُمْ عَلَى لِسَانِ نَبِيِّكُمْ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ الصَّلَاةَ فِي الْحَضَرِ أَرْبَعًا، وَفِي السَّفَرِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ
Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) says: O people! Allah Almighty has made four rak‘ahs obligatory for prayer during residence and two rak‘ahs for prayer during travel, upon the tongue of your Prophet.
Hadith 2349
عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: صَلَاةُ السَّفَرِ رَكْعَتَانِ، وَصَلَاةُ الْأَضْحَى رَكْعَتَانِ، وَصَلَاةُ الْفِطْرِ رَكْعَتَانِ، وَصَلَاةُ الْجُمُعَةِ رَكْعَتَانِ تَمَامٌ غَيْرُ قَصْرٍ عَلَى لِسَانٍ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ
Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) says: The two rak‘ahs of travel prayer, the two rak‘ahs of Eid al-Adha prayer, the two rak‘ahs of Eid al-Fitr prayer, and the two rak‘ahs of Jumu‘ah prayer are complete prayers upon the tongue of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him); there is no deficiency in them.
Hadith 2350
عَنْ يَعْلَى بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قُلْتُ: {لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَقْصُرُوا مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ إِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَنْ يَفْتِنَكُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا} وَقَدْ أَمِنَ النَّاسُ؟ فَقَالَ لِي عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ: عَجِبْتُ مِمَّا عَجِبْتَ مِنْهُ، فَسَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: ((صَدَقَةٌ تَصَدَّقَ اللَّهُ بِهَا عَلَيْكُمْ فَاقْبَلُوا صَدَقَتَهُ))
Ya’la bin Umayyah (may Allah be pleased with him) says: I asked Sayyiduna ‘Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) that Allah Almighty has said that if you fear that the disbelievers may put you in trial, then there is no sin upon you in shortening the prayer, whereas now people are in peace? Sayyiduna ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) replied to me saying: That which amazed you, also amazed me, but when I asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: This is a charity (and concession) which Allah has given to you, so accept His concession.
Hadith 2351
عَنْ أَبِي حَنْظَلَةَ سَأَلْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ فِي السَّفَرِ، قَالَ: الصَّلَاةُ فِي السَّفَرِ رَكْعَتَانِ، قُلْتُ إِنَّا آمِنُونَ، قَالَ: سُنَّةُ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ
Abu Hanzalah says: I asked Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) about the prayer during travel, so he said: The prayer during travel is two rak'ahs. I said: But now we are in safety? He said: This is the Sunnah of the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).
Hadith 2352
عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ آلِ خَالِدِ بْنِ أَسِيدٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِابْنِ عُمَرَ: إِنَّا نَجِدُ صَلَاةَ الْخَوْفِ فِي الْقُرْآنِ وَصَلَاةَ الْحَضَرِ وَلَا نَجِدُ صَلَاةَ السَّفَرِ؟ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى بَعَثَ مُحَمَّدًا صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَلَا نَعْلَمُ شَيْئًا، فَإِنَّمَا نَفْعَلُ كَمَا رَأَيْنَا مُحَمَّدًا صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَفْعَلُ
A man from the family of Khalid bin Asid says: I said to Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), "We find mention of the prayer of fear and presence in the Noble Qur'an, but we do not find any mention of the prayer of travel?" Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Indeed, Allah Almighty sent Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and we knew nothing. Now we will do only what we saw him (peace and blessings be upon him) doing.
Hadith 2353
(وَمِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ) عَنْ أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِنَّهُ قَالَ لِابْنِ عُمَرَ: نَجِدُ صَلَاةَ الْخَوْفِ وَصَلَاةَ الْحَضَرِ فِي الْقُرْآنِ وَلَا نَجِدُ صَلَاةَ الْمُسَافِرِ؟ قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: بَعَثَ اللَّهُ نَبِيَّهُ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَنَحْنُ أَجْفَى النَّاسِ فَنَصْنَعُ كَمَا صَنَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ
(Second chain) Umayyah bin Abdullah says: We asked Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with him): We find the prayers of fear and presence in the Qur'an, but we do not find any mention of the traveler's prayer? Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Allah Almighty sent His Prophet when we were the most stern among all people, so now we will do exactly as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) did.
Hadith 2354
عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ بْنِ مُزَاحِمٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ سَافَرَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَحِينَ قَامَ أَرْبَعًا، قَالَ: وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: فَمَنْ صَلَّى فِي السَّفَرِ أَرْبَعًا كَمَنْ صَلَّى فِي الْحَضَرِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، قَالَ: وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: لَمْ تُقْصَرِ الصَّلَاةُ إِلَّا مَرَّةً حَيْثُ صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَصَلَّى النَّاسُ رَكْعَةً رَكْعَةً
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) says: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was on a journey, he would perform two rak‘ahs of prayer, and when he was residing, he would perform four rak‘ahs. Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Whoever performs four rak‘ahs during travel is like the one who performs two rak‘ahs during residence. Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) further said: Only once was the prayer shortened to (one rak‘ah), (and that was in such a way that) the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) performed two rak‘ahs and the people performed one rak‘ah each.
Hadith 2355
عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ شُفَيٍّ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: جَعَلَ النَّاسُ يَسْأَلُونَهُ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ فِي السَّفَرِ، فَقَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذَا خَرَجَ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ لَمْ يُصَلِّ إِلَّا رَكْعَتَيْنِ حَتَّى رَجَعَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that people used to ask him about the prayer during travel. He would say: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would leave his home, he would perform two rak‘ahs of prayer until he returned.
Hadith 2356
عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: سَافَرْتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَمَعَ عُمَرَ فَكَانَا لَا يَزِيدَانِ عَلَى رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَكُنَّا ضُلَّالًا فَهَدَانَا اللَّهُ بِهِ فَبِهِ نَقْتَدِي
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) says: We traveled with the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and I did not see that they prayed more than two rak‘ahs (units of prayer), and we were astray, but Allah Almighty guided us through him (Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him), so we only follow him.
