الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
أبواب الأذ كار الواردة عقب الصلاةChapters on the Remembrances after Prayer
بَابُ مَا يَصْنَعُ مَنْ شَكَّ فِي صَلَاتِهِ
Chapter on What to Do if One Doubts in His Prayer
Hadith 1972
Under this chapter, the following sub-chapters and hadiths have been mentioned.
عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: يَا غُلَامُ! هَلْ سَمِعْتَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَوْ مِنْ أَحَدٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ إِذَا شَكَّ الرَّجُلُ فِي صَلَاتِهِ مَاذَا يَصْنَعُ؟ قَالَ: فَبَيْنَمَا هُوَ كَذَلِكَ إِذْ أَقْبَلَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ فَقَالَ: فِيمَ أَنْتُمَا؟ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: سَأَلْتُ هَٰذَا الْغُلَامَ هَلْ سَمِعْتَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَوْ أَحَدٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ إِذَا شَكَّ الرَّجُلُ فِي صَلَاتِهِ مَاذَا يَصْنَعُ؟ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: ((إِذَا شَكَّ أَحَدُكُمْ فِي صَلَاتِهِ فَلَمْ يَدْرِ أَوَاحِدَةً صَلَّى أَمْ ثِنْتَيْنِ فَلْيَجْعَلْهَا وَاحِدَةً، وَإِذَا لَمْ يَدْرِ ثِنْتَيْنِ صَلَّى أَمْ ثَلَاثًا فَلْيَجْعَلْهَا ثِنْتَيْنِ، وَإِذَا لَمْ يَدْرِ أَثَلَاثًا صَلَّى أَمْ أَرْبَعًا فَلْيَجْعَلْهَا ثَلَاثًا، ثُمَّ يَسْجُدُ إِذَا فَرَغَ مِنْ صَلَاتِهِ وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسَلِّمَ سَجْدَتَيْ سَهْوٍ))
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said to him: O boy! Have you heard any hadith from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) or from any of his companions regarding what a person should do if he has doubt in his prayer? While this conversation was taking place, Sayyiduna Abdur Rahman bin Awf (may Allah be pleased with him) arrived and asked: What are you discussing? Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I have asked this boy whether he has heard any such hadith from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) or from any companion, that when a person has doubt in his prayer, what should he do? Upon hearing this, Sayyiduna Abdur Rahman (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: When any of you has doubt in his prayer and does not know whether he has prayed one rak‘ah or two, he should consider it as one rak‘ah; if he does not know whether he has prayed two rak‘ahs or three, he should consider them as two; and if he does not know whether he has prayed three rak‘ahs or four, he should consider them as three. Then, when he is about to finish the prayer, he should perform two prostrations while sitting, before the salam.
Hadith 1973
عَنْ مُرَّةَ بْنِ مَعْبَدٍ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي كَبْشَةَ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ (بْنِ عَفَّانَ) رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ! إِنِّي صَلَّيْتُ فَلَمْ أَدْرِ أَشَفَعْتُ أَمْ أَوْتَرْتُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((إِيَّايَ وَأَنْ يَتَلَعَّبَ بِكُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ فِي صَلَاتِكُمْ، مَنْ صَلَّى مِنْكُمْ فَلَمْ يَدْرِ أَشَفَعَ أَمْ أَوْتَرَ فَلْيَسْجُدْ سَجْدَتَيْنِ فَإِنَّهُمَا تَمَامُ صَلَاتِهِ))
Sayyiduna Uthman bin Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that a man came to the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: O Messenger of Allah! I performed the prayer but (became forgetful), so now I do not know whether I have prayed an even number of rak‘ahs or an odd number? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: I warn myself against this, that Satan should begin to play with you in your prayer. If any one of you performs the prayer and does not know whether he has prayed an even number of rak‘ahs or an odd number, then he should perform two prostrations; through them his prayer will be completed.
Hadith 1974
(وَعَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ) قَالَ: صَلَّى بِنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي كَبْشَةَ الْعَصْرَ فَانْصَرَفَ إِلَيْنَا بَعْدَ صَلَاتِهِ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي صَلَّيْتُ مَعَ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ فَسَجَدَ مِثْلَ هَاتَيْنِ السَّجْدَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ إِلَيْنَا فَأَعْلَمَنَا أَنَّهُ صَلَّى مَعَ عُثْمَانَ (بْنِ عَفَّانَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ) وَحَدَّثَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَذَكَرَ مِثْلَهُ أَوْ نَحْوَهُ
(Second chain) Marrah bin Ma’bad says: Yazid bin Abu Kashbah led us in the Asr prayer, and after completing the prayer, he turned towards us and said: I had performed the prayer with Marwan bin Hakam, and he had performed two prostrations in the same manner. Then he turned towards us and informed us that he had performed the prayer with Sayyiduna Uthman bin Affan (may Allah be pleased with him), and he had narrated from the Noble Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), then he narrated a hadith similar to the one above.
Hadith 1975
عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ (بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ) رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ صَلَاةً فَلَا أَدْرِي زَادَ أَمْ نَقَصَ فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ، قِيلَ لَهُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ! هَلْ حَدَثَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ شَيْءٌ؟ قَالَ: ((لَا، وَمَا ذَٰكَ؟)) قَالُوا: صَلَّيْتَ كَذَا وَكَذَا، قَالَ: فَثَنَى رِجْلَيْهِ فَسَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيِ السَّهْوِ، فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ، قَالَ: ((إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ أَنْسَى كَمَا تَنْسَوْنَ، وَإِذَا شَكَّ أَحَدُكُمْ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَلْيَتَحَرَّ الصَّلَاةَ، فَإِذَا سَلَّمَ فَلْيَسْجُدْ سَجْدَتَيْنِ))
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas’ud (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) led a prayer, I do not remember whether there was an addition or a deficiency. When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) finished the prayer with salam, someone said: O Messenger of Allah! Has something new been prescribed in the prayer? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: (No, and what is it (that you are sensing)? The people said: You led such and such number of units in the prayer. So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) folded his legs and performed two prostrations of forgetfulness (sahw), then when he finished with salam, he said: I am only a human being, just as you forget, I also forget. When any of you is in doubt during the prayer, he should seek (the correct number of units in the prayer), and when he finishes with salam, he should perform two prostrations.
Hadith 1976
((وَعَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ) بِنَحْوِهِ) وَفِيهِ فَثَنَى رِجْلَهُ وَاسْتَقْبَلَ الْقِبْلَةَ وَسَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَيْنَا بِوَجْهِهِ فَقَالَ: ((لَوْ حَدَثَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ شَيْءٌ لَأَنْبَأْتُكُمُوهُ وَلَٰكِنْ إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ أَنْسَى كَمَا تَنْسَوْنَ، فَإِنْ نَسِيتُ فَذَكِّرُونِي وَأَيُّكُمْ مَا شَكَّ فِي صَلَاتِهِ فَلْيَتَحَرَّ أَقْرَبَ ذَلِكَ لِلصَّوَابِ فَلْيُتِمَّ عَلَيْهِ وَيُسَلِّمْ ثُمَّ يَسْجُدْ سَجْدَتَيْنِ))
(Second chain) There is a narration of the same kind, except that in it is: So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) bent his foot, faced the Qiblah, and performed two prostrations, then turned towards us and said: If anything new had been prescribed in the prayer, I would certainly have informed you. The fact is that I am only a human being; I forget just as you forget. So if I forget, remind me. And if any one of you is uncertain in his prayer, he should seek the situation that is closest to correctness, then complete his prayer and after saying the salam, perform two prostrations.
Hadith 1977
عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: ((إِذَا كُنْتَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَشَكَكْتَ فِي ثَلَاثٍ أَوْ أَرْبَعٍ، وَأَكْثَرُ ظَنِّكَ عَلَى أَرْبَعٍ، تَشَهَّدْتَّ ثُمَّ سَجَدْتَّ سَجْدَتَيْنِ وَأَنْتَ جَالِسٌ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُسَلِّمَ، ثُمَّ تَشَهَّدْتَّ أَيْضًا ثُمَّ سَلَّمْتَ))
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: When you are in prayer and you doubt whether you have prayed three or four rak'ahs, but your predominant thought is that it is four, then recite the tashahhud and, before the salam, perform two prostrations while sitting, then recite the tashahhud again and after that, say the salam.
Hadith 1978
(وَعَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ) عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: ((إِذَا شَكَكْتَ فِي صَلَاتِكَ وَأَنْتَ جَالِسٌ فَلَمْ تَدْرِ ثَلَاثًا صَلَّيْتَ أَمْ أَرْبَعًا، فَإِنْ كَانَ أَكْبَرُ ظَنِّكَ أَنَّكَ صَلَّيْتَ ثَلَاثًا فَقُمْ فَارْكَعْ رَكْعَةً ثُمَّ سَلِّمْ ثُمَّ اسْجُدْ سَجْدَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ تَشَهَّدْ ثُمَّ سَلِّمْ، وَإِنْ كَانَ أَكْبَرُ ظَنِّكَ أَنَّكَ صَلَّيْتَ أَرْبَعًا فَسَلِّمْ ثُمَّ اسْجُدْ سَجْدَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ تَشَهَّدْ ثُمَّ سَلِّمْ))
(Second chain) Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) said: When you have doubt in your prayer while you are sitting and you cannot determine whether you have prayed three rak'ahs or four, then if your predominant assumption is that you have prayed three rak'ahs, stand up and perform one rak'ah, then say salam, then perform two prostrations, then recite tashahhud, and then say salam again. And if your predominant assumption is that you have prayed four rak'ahs, then say salam, then perform two prostrations, then recite tashahhud, and then say salam again.
Hadith 1979
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ يَبْلُغُ بِهِ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((يَأْتِي أَحَدَكُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ وَهُوَ فِي صَلَاتِهِ فَيُلَبِّسُ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى لَا يَدْرِي كَمْ صَلَّى فَمَنْ وَجَدَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا فَلْيَسْجُدْ سَجْدَتَيْنِ وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ))
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Noble Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: When any one of you is in prayer, Satan comes to him and confuses his prayer to such an extent that he does not even know how much he has prayed. So, whoever finds himself in such a situation should perform two prostrations while he is sitting.
Hadith 1980
عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((إِذَا صَلَّى أَحَدُكُمْ فَلَا يَدْرِي كَمْ صَلَّى فَلْيَسْجُدْ سَجْدَتَيْنِ وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ، وَإِذَا جَاءَ أَحَدَكُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ فَقَالَ إِنَّكَ قَدْ أَحْدَثْتَ فَلْيَقُلْ كَذَبْتَ إِلَّا مَا وَجَدَ رِيحَهُ بِأَنْفِهِ أَوْ سَمِعَ صَوْتَهُ بِأُذُنِهِ))
Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) reports that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: When any one of you prays and forgets to such an extent that he does not know how much he has prayed, then he should perform two prostrations while sitting. And when Satan comes to someone and says, "You have broken your ablution," he should say to him, "You have lied," unless he perceives a smell from his nose or hears a sound with his ear.
Hadith 1981
وَعَنْهُ أَيْضًا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: ((إِذَا شَكَّ أَحَدُكُمْ فِي صَلَاتِهِ فَلَمْ يَدْرِكْ كَمْ صَلَّى فَلْيَبْنِ عَلَى الْيَقِينِ حَتَّى إِذَا اسْتَيْقَنَ أَنْ قَدْ أَتَمَّ فَلْيَسْجُدْ سَجْدَتَيْنِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسَلِّمَ، فَإِنَّهُ إِنْ كَانَتْ صَلَاتُهُ وَتْرًا صَارَتْ شَفْعًا وَإِنْ كَانَتْ شَفْعًا كَانَ ذَلِكَ تَرْغِيمًا لِلشَّيْطَانِ))
It is also narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: When any of you has doubt in prayer and does not know how much he has prayed, then he should base it on certainty (and perform an additional rak‘ah) until he is certain that the prayer is complete. Then, before the salam, he should perform two prostrations. If his (extra performed) prayer is odd-numbered, it will become even due to these two prostrations, and if his prayer is already even (i.e., complete), then these prostrations will humiliate Satan.
Hadith 1982
عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: أَلَا أُحَدِّثُكُمْ بِحَدِيثٍ سَمِعْتُهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالُوا: بَلَى، قَالَ: فَأَشْهَدُ أَنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: مَنْ صَلَّى صَلَاةً يَشُكُّ فِي النُّقْصَانِ فَلْيُصَلِّ حَتَّى يَشُكَّ فِي الزِّيَادَةِ))
Sayyiduna Abdur Rahman bin Awf (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Shall I not narrate to you the hadith which I myself heard from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)? They said: Why not. He said: I bear witness that I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) saying: Whoever performs prayer and doubts that it is deficient, he should continue praying until he begins to doubt that it is excessive.
Hadith 1983
عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: ((مَنْ شَكَّ فِي صَلَاتِهِ فَلْيَسْجُدْ سَجْدَتَيْنِ وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ)) وَفِي لَفْظٍ: ((فَلْيَسْجُدْ سَجْدَتَيْنِ بَعْدَ مَا يُسَلِّمُ))
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Ja'far (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Whoever has doubt in his prayer should perform two prostrations while sitting. In another narration: He should perform two prostrations after saying the salam.
Hadith 1984
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((لَا إِغْرَارَ فِي صَلَاةٍ وَلَا تَسْلِيمَ))
Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: It is not permissible to cause deficiency in the (acts of) prayer, nor is it permissible to say salam (greeting of peace) in the prayer.
Hadith 1985
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي ثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ (يَعْنِي ابْنَ مَهْدِيٍّ) عَنْ سُفْيَانَ (يَعْنِي الثَّوْرِيَّ) قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يَقُولُ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَمْرٍو الشَّيْبَانِيَّ عَنْ قَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ ((لَا إِغْرَارَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ)) فَقَالَ: إِنَّمَا هُوَ لَا غَرَارَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، وَمَعْنَى غِرَارَ يَقُولُ لَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْهَا وَهُوَ يَظُنُّ أَنَّهُ قَدْ بَقِيَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْهَا شَيْءٌ حَتَّى يَكُونَ عَلَى الْيَقِينِ وَالْكَمَالِ ذَكَرَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ هَذَا الْقَوْلُ بَعْدَ الْحَدِيثِ السَّابِقِ: 887
Sufyan Thawri says: My father asked Abu Amr Shaybani about the saying of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him: "There is no deficiency in prayer." He said: This narration is as follows: "There is no deficiency in prayer." And the meaning of "no deficiency" is that a person should not leave the prayer in such a state that he even suspects that some part of his prayer remains; (he should leave) when he is certain that it is complete.
