الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب التيممBook of Tayammum (Dry Ablution)
بَابٌ فِي سَبَبِ مَشْرُوعِيَّةِ التَّيَمُّمِ وَصِفَتِهِ
Chapter on the Reason for the Legislation of Tayammum and Its Description
Hadith 981
عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ يَاسِرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَرَّسَ بِأُوَلَاتِ الْجَيْشِ وَمَعَهُ عَائِشَةُ زَوْجُتُهُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا فَانْقَطَعَ عِقْدٌ لَهَا مِنْ جَزْعِ ظَفَارٍ فَحُبِسَ النَّاسُ ابْتِغَاءَ عِقْدِهَا وَذَلِكَ حِينَ أَضَاءَ الْفَجْرُ وَلَيْسَ مَعَ النَّاسِ مَاءٌ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ رُخْصَةَ التَّطَهُّرِ بِالصَّعِيدِ الطَّيِّبِ، فَقَامَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَضَرَبُوا بِأَيْدِيهِمُ الْأَرْضَ ثُمَّ رَفَعُوا أَيْدِيَهُمْ وَلَمْ يَقْبِضُوا مِنَ التُّرَابِ شَيْئًا فَمَسَحُوا بِهَا وُجُوهَهُمْ وَأَيْدِيَهُمْ إِلَى الْمَنَاكِبِ وَمِنْ بُطُونِ أَيْدِيهِمْ إِلَى الْأَبَاطِ، وَلَا يَغْتَرُّ بِهَٰذَا النَّاسُ، وَبَلَغَنَا أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ قَالَ لِعَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا: وَاللَّهِ! مَا عَلِمْتُ إِنَّكِ لَمُبَارَكَةٌ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ammar bin Yasir (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) camped at the place of Awlat al-Jaish in the last part of the night, and with him was his wife Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her). Her necklace of pearls from Dhafar was lost, and the people were detained to search for this necklace. Meanwhile, dawn was breaking and the people did not have any water. So Allah Almighty revealed the concession of purification with pure earth. Thus, the Muslims stood with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and struck their hands on the earth, then raised them, and did not take any soil with their hands at all. Then they wiped them over their faces, and with the outer part of their hands up to the shoulders, and with the inner part up to the armpits, they also wiped those parts with their hands. But people should not be deceived by this condition, and it has reached us that Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said to Sayyida Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her): By Allah! What I have understood is that you are very blessed.
Hadith 982
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي ثَنَا عَفَّانُ ثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ ثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ الْأَعْمَشُ ثَنَا شَقِيقٌ قَالَ: كُنْتُ قَاعِدًا مَعَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ (يَعْنِي ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ) وَأَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ فَقَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ: لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا لَمْ يَجِدِ الْمَاءَ لَمْ يُصَلِّ؟ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: لَا، فَقَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى: أَمَا تَذْكُرُ إِذْ قَالَ عَمَّارٌ لِعُمَرَ: أَلَا تَذْكُرُ إِذْ بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَإِيَّاكَ فِي إِبِلٍ فَأَصَابَتْنِي جَنَابَةٌ فَتَمَرَّغْتُ بِالْتُّرَابِ، فَلَمَّا رَجَعْتُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَخْبَرْتُهُ فَضَحِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَقَالَ: ((إِنَّمَا كَانَ يَكْفِيكَ أَنْ تَقُولَ هَٰكَذَا)) وَضَرَبَ بِكَفَّيْهِ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ ثُمَّ مَسَحَ كَفَّيْهِ جَمِيعًا وَمَسَحَ وَجْهَهُ مَسْحَةً وَاحِدَةً بِضَرْبَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: لاجَرَمَ مَا رَأَيْتُ عُمَرَ قَنَعَ بِذَلِكَ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو مُوسَى: فَكَيْفَ بِهَٰذِهِ الْآيَةِ فِي سُورَةِ النِّسَاءِ {فَلَمْ تَجِدُوا مَاءً فَتَيَمَّمُوا صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا}؟ قَالَ: فَمَا دَرَى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ مَا يَقُولُ، وَقَالَ: لَوْ رَخَّصْنَا لَهُمْ فِي التَّيَمُّمِ لَأَوْشَكَ أَحَدُهُمْ إِنْ بَرَدَ الْمَاءُ عَلَى جِلْدِهِ أَنْ يَتَيَمَّمَ، قَالَ عَفَّانُ: وَأَنْكَرَهُ يَحْيَى يَعْنِي ابْنَ سَعِيدٍ، فَسَأَلْتُ حَفْصَ بْنَ غَيَاثٍ فَقَالَ: كَانَ الْأَعْمَشُ يُحَدِّثُنَا بِهِ عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ وَذَكَرَ أَبَا وَائِلٍ
Shaqiq says: I was sitting with Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud and Sayyiduna Abu Musa Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with them). Sayyiduna Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) said to Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him): If a person does not find water, will he not pray? He replied: No, that is not the case. Sayyiduna Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Do you not remember that Sayyiduna Ammar (may Allah be pleased with him) said to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him): Do you not remember that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent me and you with the camels, I became junub (in a state of major ritual impurity), so I lay down in the soil, but when I returned to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and informed him of this, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) smiled and said: It would have been sufficient for you to do like this. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) struck his palms once on the earth and wiped them once over the backs of his hands and his face. But Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Certainly, I did not see that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) was satisfied with this. Sayyiduna Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Then what do you say about the verse in Surah An-Nisa: So if you do not find water, then perform tayammum with clean earth. At this point, Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) had no answer, but he said: If we give them the concession of tayammum, it is likely that whenever someone finds water cold, he will perform tayammum.
Hadith 983
(وَمِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ) حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي ثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ ثَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ عَنْ شَقِيقٍ قَالَ: كُنْتُ جَالِسًا مَعَ أَبِي مُوسَى وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى: يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ! أَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا لَمْ يَجِدِ الْمَاءَ وَقَدْ أَجْنَبَ شَهْرًا أَمَا كَانَ يَتَيَمَّمُ؟ قَالَ: لَا، وَلَوْ لَمْ يَجِدِ الْمَاءَ شَهْرًا (فَذَكَرَ نَحْوَ الْحَدِيثِ الْمُتَقَدِّمِ وَفِيهِ) قَالَ لَهُ أَبُو مُوسَى: أَلَمْ تَسْمَعْ لِقَوْلِ عَمَّارٍ؟ بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي حَاجَةٍ فَأَجْنَبْتُ فَلَمْ أَجِدِ الْمَاءَ فَتَمَرَّغْتُ فِي الصَّعِيدِ كَمَا تَمَرَّغُ الدَّابَّةُ، ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، فَقَالَ: ((إِنَّمَا كَانَ يَكْفِيكَ أَنْ تَقُولَ وَضَرَبَ بِيَدِهِ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ، ثُمَّ مَسَحَ كُلَّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُمَا بِصَاحِبَتِهَا ثُمَّ مَسَحَ بِهِمَا وَجْهَهُ (وَفِيهِ) قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ: قَالَ أَبِي: وَقَالَ أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ مَرَّةً: قَالَ: فَضَرَبَ بِيَدِهِ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ ثُمَّ ضَرَبَ بِشِمَالِهِ عَلَى يَمِينِهِ وَيَمِينِهِ عَلَى شِمَالِهِ عَلَى الْكَفَّيْنِ ثُمَّ مَسَحَ وَجْهَهُ))
(Second chain) Shaqiq says: I was sitting with Sayyiduna Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) and Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him). Sayyiduna Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Abu Abdur Rahman! What is your opinion regarding a man who does not find water (for ghusl), while he has been in a state of janabah for a month—should he not perform tayammum? He (Abdullah) said: No, even if he does not find water for a month. Then he mentioned a hadith similar to the previous one, except that in this one it is stated: Sayyiduna Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Did you not hear the statement of Sayyiduna Ammar (may Allah be pleased with him)? He says: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent me on an errand, so I became junub and did not find water for ghusl, so I lay down in the dust like an animal, then I came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and informed him of this. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: It would have been sufficient for you to do like this. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) struck his hands on the earth, then wiped each hand over the other, and then wiped both hands over his face. In it, there are also these additional words: Once Abu Muawiyah described the method as follows: So he (peace and blessings be upon him) struck his hands on the earth, then wiped the left hand over the right and the right over the left on the palms, and then wiped them over his face.
Hadith 984
(وَمِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَالِثٍ) حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ ثَنَا شُعْبَةُ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ: إِنْ لَمْ نَجِدِ الْمَاءَ لَا نُصَلِّ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: نَعَمْ، إِنْ لَمْ نَجِدِ الْمَاءَ شَهْرًا لَمْ نُصَلِّ، وَلَوْ رَخَّصْتُ لَهُمْ فِي هَٰذَا كَانَ إِذَا وَجَدَ أَحَدُهُمُ الْبَرْدَ، قَالَ هَٰكَذَا يَعْنِي تَيَمَّمَ وَصَلَّى، قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: فَأَيْنَ قَوْلُ عَمَّارٍ لِعُمَرَ؟ قَالَ: إِنِّي لَمْ أَرَ عُمَرَ قَنَعَ بِقَوْلِ عَمَّارٍ
(Third chain) Sayyiduna Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) said to Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him): If we do not find water (while we are in a state of major impurity), should we not perform the prayer? He replied: Yes, if we do not find water for even a month, we will not perform the prayer. If I grant people concession in this matter, then whoever feels cold will start performing tayammum and begin to pray. Sayyiduna Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Then what about the statement that Sayyiduna Ammar (may Allah be pleased with him) made to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him)? He replied: Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) was not satisfied with Sayyiduna Ammar’s (may Allah be pleased with him) statement.
Hadith 985
عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبْزَى قَالَ: كُنَّا عِنْدَ عُمَرَ فَأَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ! إِنَّا نَمْكُثُ الشَّهْرَ وَالشَّهْرَيْنِ لَا نَجِدُ الْمَاءَ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: أَمَّا أَنَا فَلَمْ أَكُنْ لِأُصَلِّيَ حَتَّى أَجِدَ الْمَاءَ، فَقَالَ عَمَّارٌ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ! تَذْكُرُ حَيْثُ كُنَّا بِمَكَانِ كَذَا كَذَا وَنَحْنُ نَرْعَى الْإِبِلَ فَتَعْلَمُ أَنَّنَا أَجْنَبْنَا؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: فَإِنِّي تَمَرَّغْتُ بِالْتُّرَابِ فَأَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَحَدَّثْتُهُ فَضَحِكَ وَقَالَ: ((كَانَ الصَّعِيدُ كَافِيَكَ)) وَضَرَبَ بِكَفَّيْهِ الْأَرْضَ ثُمَّ نَفَخَ فِيهِمَا ثُمَّ مَسَحَ بِهِمَا وَجْهَهُ وَبَعْضَ ذِرَاعَيْهِ، قَالَ: اتَّقِ اللَّهَ، يَا عَمَّارُ! قَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ! إِنْ شِئْتَ لَمْ أَذْكُرْهُ مَا عِشْتُ أَوْ مَا حَيِيْتُ، قَالَ: كَلَّا وَاللَّهِ، وَلَكِنْ نُوَلِّيكَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مَا تَوَلَّيْتَ
Abdur Rahman bin Abza says: We were with Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), when a man came to him and said: O Commander of the Faithful! We stay for one or two months and do not find water. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: As for my own case, I will not pray until I find water. Upon hearing this, Sayyiduna Ammar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Commander of the Faithful! Do you remember when we were herding camels at such-and-such place and we became in a state of major impurity (janabah)? Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Yes. Sayyiduna Ammar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: So I lay down in the soil, and when I came to the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) and mentioned this, he laughed and said: The soil alone would have sufficed you. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) struck his palms on the earth, blew into them, and wiped them over his face and some parts of his arms. Upon hearing this, Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Ammar! Fear Allah. He said: O Commander of the Faithful! If you wish, I will never mention this again in my life. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Never! By Allah, whatever you are willing to take responsibility for, we appoint you responsible for it.
Hadith 986
عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ يَاسِرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنِ التَّيَمُّمِ، فَقَالَ: ((ضَرْبَةٌ لِلْكَفَّيْنِ وَالْوَجْهِ)) (وَفِي لَفْظٍ) إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ يَقُولُ فِي التَّيَمُّمِ: ((ضَرْبَةٌ لِلْوَجْهِ وَالْكَفَّيْنِ))
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ammar bin Yasir (may Allah be pleased with him) that he asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) about tayammum. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: One strike is for the palms and the face. In another narration: The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said about tayammum: One strike is for the face and the palms.
Hadith 987
عَنْ عُمَيْرٍ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: أَقْبَلْتُ أَنَا وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَسَارٍ مَوْلَى مَيْمُونَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَتَّى دَخَلْنَا عَلَى أَبِي جُهَيْمِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الصِّمَّةِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ أَبُو جُهَيْمٍ: أَقْبَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ نَحْوِ بِئْرِ جَمَلٍ فَلَقِيَهُ رَجُلٌ فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ فَلَمْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَتَّى أَقْبَلَ عَلَى الْجِدَارِ فَمَسَحَ بِوَجْهِهِ وَيَدَيْهِ ثُمَّ رَدَّ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ
Mawla Ibn Abbas Umair says: I and Mawla Maimuna Abdullah bin Yasar went and entered upon Sayyiduna Abu Juhaim bin Harith Ansari. He said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, was coming from the direction of Bi’r Jamal when a man met him and greeted him with salam. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, did not reply to him until he turned towards a wall and wiped his face and both hands, and then he replied to his salam.
