الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب القدرBook of Divine Decree (Qadar)
بَابٌ فِي ثُبُوتِ الْقَدَرِ وَحَقِيقَتِهِ
Chapter on the affirmation of predestination and its reality
Hadith 180
- عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ رضي الله عنه قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: ((قَدَّرَ اللهُ الْمَقَادِيرَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ بِخَمْسِينَ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ - ))
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Allah Almighty had determined the decree fifty thousand years before the creation of the heavens and the earth."
Hadith 181
وَعَنْهُ أَيْضًا قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: ((إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ خَلَقَ خَلْقَهُ فِي ظُلْمَةٍ ثُمَّ أَلْقَى عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ نُورِهِ يَوْمَئِذٍ، فَمَنْ أَصَابَهُ مِنْ نُورِهِ يَوْمَئِذٍ اِهْتَدَى وَمَنْ أَخْطَأَهُ ضَلَّ، فَلِذَلِكَ أَقُولُ: جَفَّ الْقَلَمُ عَلَى عِلْمِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ))
It is also narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Indeed, Allah Almighty created His creation in darkness, then on that day He cast His light upon them. Whoever received that light on that day was guided, and whoever it missed went astray. That is why I say: The pen has dried according to the knowledge of Allah Almighty."
Hadith 182
عَنْ طَائُوسٍ بْنِ الْيَمَانِيِّ قَالَ: أَدْرَكْتُ نَاسًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُونَ: كُلُّ شَيْءٍ بِقَدَرٍ، قَالَ: وَسَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ يَقُولُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: كُلُّ شَيْءٍ بِقَدَرٍ حَتَّى الْعَجْزُ وَالْكَيْسُ
Tawoos Yamani, may Allah have mercy on him, says: All the companions of the Prophet whom I met used to say: Everything is dependent on destiny, and I heard from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, that he said the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "Everything is dependent on destiny, even helplessness and intelligence."
Hadith 183
عَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: ((خَلَقَ اللَّهُ آدَمَ حِينَ خَلَقَهُ فَضَرَبَ كَتِفَهُ الْيُمْنَى فَأَخْرَجَ ذُرِّيَّةً بَيْضَاءَ كَأَنَّهُمُ الذَّرُّ وَضَرَبَ كَتِفَهُ الْيُسْرَى فَأَخْرَجَ ذُرِّيَّةً سَوْدَاءَ كَأَنَّهُمُ الْحُمَمُ، فَقَالَ لِلَّذِي فِي يَمِينِهِ: إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ وَلَا أُبَالِي وَقَالَ لِلَّذِي فِي كَفِّهِ الْيُسْرَى: إِلَى النَّارِ وَلَا أُبَالِي))
Sayyiduna Abu Darda’ (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “When Allah Almighty created Adam (peace be upon him), He struck his right shoulder and from there white offspring emerged, as small as tiny ants. Then He struck his left shoulder and black offspring emerged, like coals. Then regarding the offspring from the right side, He said: These will go to Paradise and I do not care. And regarding the offspring from the left shoulder, He said: These will go to Hell and I am unconcerned.”
Hadith 184
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: ((إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَعْمَلُ الزَّمَانَ الطَّوِيلَ بِأَعْمَالِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ ثُمَّ يَخْتِمُ اللَّهُ لَهُ بِأَعْمَالِ أَهْلِ النَّارِ فَيَجْعَلُهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّارِ، وَإِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَعْمَلُ الزَّمَانَ الطَّوِيلَ بِأَعْمَالِ أَهْلِ النَّارِ ثُمَّ يَخْتِمُ اللَّهُ لَهُ عَمَلَهُ بِأَعْمَالِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ فَيَجْعَلُهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ))
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Indeed, a man continues to perform the deeds of the people of Paradise for a long time, but Allah Almighty ends his life with the deeds of the people of Hell, and thus makes him among the people of the Fire. On the other hand, a man continues to perform the deeds of the people of the Fire for a long time, but Allah Almighty ends his life with the deeds of the people of Paradise, and thus makes him among the people of Paradise.”
Hadith 185
عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: ((لَا عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْ لَا تُعْجَبُوا بِأَحَدٍ حَتَّى تَنْظُرُوا بِمَا يُخْتَمُ لَهُ، فَإِنَّ الْعَامِلَ يَعْمَلُ زَمَانًا طَوِيلًا مِنْ عُمُرِهِ أَوْ بُرْهَةً مِنْ دَهْرِهِ بِعَمَلٍ صَالِحٍ لَوْ مَاتَ عَلَيْهِ دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ، ثُمَّ يَتَحَوَّلُ فَيَعْمَلُ عَمَلًا سَيِّئًا، وَإِنَّ الْعَبْدَ لَيَعْمَلُ الْبُرْهَةَ مِنْ دَهْرِهِ بِعَمَلٍ سَيِّئٍ لَوْ مَاتَ عَلَيْهِ دَخَلَ النَّارَ ثُمَّ يَتَحَوَّلُ فَيَعْمَلُ عَمَلًا صَالِحًا، وَإِذَا أَرَادَ اللَّهُ بِعَبْدٍ خَيْرًا اِسْتَعْمَلَهُ قَبْلَ مَوْتِهِ)) قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ! وَكَيْفَ يَسْتَعْمِلُهُ؟ قَالَ: ((يُوَفِّقُهُ لِعَمَلٍ صَالِحٍ ثُمَّ يَقْبِضُهُ عَلَيْهِ))
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "There is no harm upon you in not being pleased with someone (due to their good deeds), until you see upon which deed their end occurs. The reason for this is that a person may perform such righteous deeds for a long part of his life or for some time, that if he were to die upon them, he would enter Paradise. But it happens that he changes his routine and begins to do evil deeds. Similarly, a man may continue to do such evil deeds for some time that if he were to die in that state, he would enter Hell. But then he changes and begins to do good deeds. And when Allah Almighty intends good for a servant, He uses him before his death." The Companions said: "O Messenger of Allah! How does He use him?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Allah Almighty grants him the ability to do good deeds, and then causes him to die upon that (good deed)."
Hadith 186
عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: ((إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَعْمَلُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ وَإِنَّهُ لَمَكْتُوبٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّارِ فَإِذَا كَانَ قَبْلَ مَوْتِهِ تَحَوَّلَ فَعَمِلَ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ النَّارِ فَمَاتَ فَدَخَلَ النَّارَ، وَإِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَعْمَلُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ النَّارِ وَإِنَّهُ لَمَكْتُوبٌ فِي الْكِتَابِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ فَإِذَا كَانَ قَبْلَ مَوْتِهِ تَحَوَّلَ فَعَمِلَ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ فَمَاتَ فَدَخَلَهَا))
It is narrated from Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Indeed, a man performs the deeds of the people of Paradise, while he is written among the people of Hell. When the time before his death comes, his state changes and he begins to do the deeds of the people of Hell, and he dies in that state and enters Hell. On the other hand, a man performs the deeds of the people of Hell, while he is written among the people of Paradise. When the time before his death comes, he transitions from his previous state and begins to do the deeds of the people of Paradise, and he dies in that state and enters Paradise."
Hadith 187
عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ قَالَ: مَرِضَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ أَصْحَابُهُ يَعُودُونَهُ فَبَكَى، فَقِيلَ لَهُ مَا يُبْكِيكَ يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ؟ أَلَمْ يَقُلْ لَكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((خُذْ مِنْ شَارِبِكَ ثُمَّ أَقِرَّهُ حَتَّى تَلْقَانِي)) قَالَ: بَلَى، وَلَكِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: ((إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى قَبَضَ قَبْضَةً بِيَمِينِهِ فَقَالَ: هَذِهِ لِهَذِهِ وَلَا أُبَالِي وَقَبَضَ قَبْضَةً أُخْرَى يَعْنِي بِيَدِهِ الْأُخْرَى فَقَالَ: هَذِهِ لِهَذِهِ وَلَا أُبَالِي)) فَلَا أَدْرِي فِي أَيِّ الْقَبْضَتَيْنِ أَنَا
Abu Nazrah (may Allah have mercy on him) says: A companion became ill, and when his companions went to visit him, he began to weep. Someone said to him: "O servant of Allah! Why are you weeping? Did not the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say to you: Trim your mustache, then remain in that state until you meet me?" He said: "Yes, indeed, that is what happened, but I also heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: Verily, Allah the Exalted took a handful with His right hand and said: These are for Paradise, and I do not care. Then He took a handful with the other hand and said: These are for Hell, and I do not care. Now I do not know in which handful I was."
Hadith 188
عَنْ مُعَاذٍ بْنِ جَبَلٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِنَحْوِهِ وَفِيهِ: ((فَقَبَضَ بِيَدَيْهِ قَبْضَتَيْنِ فَقَالَ: هَذِهِ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَلَا أُبَالِي وَهَذِهِ فِي النَّارِ وَلَا أُبَالِي))
Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) also narrated a similar hadith from the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), except that in it is: "So Allah Almighty filled two handfuls with both His hands and said: These will go to Paradise and I do not care, and these will go to Hell and I do not care."
Hadith 189
عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: مَا رَأَيْتُ شَيْئًا أَشْبَهَ بِاللَّمَمِ مِمَّا قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ كَتَبَ عَلَى ابْنِ آدَمَ حَظَّهُ مِنَ الزِّنَا أَدْرَكَهُ لَا مَحَالَةَ، وَزِنَا الْعَيْنِ النَّظَرُ وَزِنَا اللِّسَانِ النُّطْقُ وَالنَّفْسُ تَمَنَّى وَتَشْتَهِي وَالْفَرْجُ يُصَدِّقُ ذَلِكَ أَوْ يُكَذِّبُهُ))
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) says: I have not seen anything that more closely resembles minor sins than that which Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated. He says that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Indeed, Allah the Exalted has written for every son of Adam his share of adultery, which he will inevitably encounter. The adultery of the eye is looking, the adultery of the tongue is speaking, and the soul desires and wishes, and the private part either confirms it or denies it."
Hadith 190
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي ثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ ابْنِ أَبِي خُزَامَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ! وَقَالَ سُفْيَانُ مَرَّةً: سَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَرَأَيْتَ دَوَاءً نَتَدَاوَى بِهِ وَرُقْيًا نَسْتَرْقِي بِهَا وَتُقْيًا نَتَّقِيهَا تَرُدُّ مِنْ قَدَرِ اللَّهِ شَيْئًا؟ قَالَ: ((إِنَّهَا مِنْ قَدَرِ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى))
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Khuzamah (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: I said, "O Messenger of Allah! These treatments we use through medicine, incantations, and preventive measures, what is your opinion about them? Do they repel anything from Allah Almighty's decree?" The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "These things are also from Allah Almighty's decree."
Hadith 191
عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ رَكِبَ خَلْفَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَوْمًا فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((يَا غُلَامُ! إِنِّي مُعَلِّمُكَ كَلِمَاتٍ (يَنْفَعُكَ اللَّهُ بِهَا) احْفَظِ اللَّهَ يَحْفَظْكَ، احْفَظِ اللَّهَ تَجِدْهُ تُجَاهَكَ، وَإِذَا سَأَلْتَ فَاسْأَلِ اللَّهَ، وَإِذَا اسْتَعَنْتَ فَاسْتَعِنْ بِاللَّهِ، وَاعْلَمْ أَنَّ الْأُمَّةَ لَوِ اجْتَمَعُوا عَلَى أَنْ يَنْفَعُوكَ لَمْ يَنْفَعُوكَ إِلَّا بِشَيْءٍ قَدْ كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَكَ، وَلَوِ اجْتَمَعُوا عَلَى أَنْ يَضُرُّوكَ لَمْ يَضُرُّوكَ إِلَّا بِشَيْءٍ قَدْ كَتَبَهُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ، رُفِعَتِ الْأَقْلَامُ وَجَفَّتِ الصُّحُفُ))
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that one day he was riding behind the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: "O boy! I am going to teach you some words; Allah Almighty will benefit you through them. Guard (the commandments of) Allah, He will guard you. Guard (the commandments of) Allah, you will find Him before you. Whenever you ask, ask from Allah, and whenever you seek help, seek help from Allah. And know that if the entire Ummah were to gather together to benefit you with something, they would not be able to benefit you except with that which Allah has written for you. Similarly, if the entire Ummah were to gather together to harm you with something, they would not be able to harm you except with that which Allah has written against you. The pens have been lifted and the pages have dried."
Hadith 192
(وَعَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ) بِنَحْوِهِ وَفِيهِ زِيَادَةُ: ((تَعَرَّفْ إِلَى اللَّهِ فِي الرَّخَاءِ يَعْرِفْكَ فِي الشِّدَّةِ (وَفِيهِ أَيْضًا) فَلَوْ أَنَّ الْخَلْقَ كُلَّهُمْ جَمِيعًا أَرَادُوا أَنْ يَنْفَعُوكَ بِشَيْءٍ لَمْ يَكْتُبْهُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ لَمْ يَقْدِرُوا عَلَيْهِ، وَإِنْ أَرَادُوا أَنْ يَضُرُّوكَ بِشَيْءٍ لَمْ يَكْتُبْهُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ لَمْ يَقْدِرُوا عَلَيْهِ، وَاعْلَمْ أَنَّ فِي الصَّبْرِ عَلَى مَا تَكْرَهُ خَيْرًا كَثِيرًا وَأَنَّ النَّصْرَ مَعَ الصَّبْرِ وَأَنَّ الْفَرَجَ مَعَ الْكَرْبِ وَأَنَّ مَعَ الْعُسْرِ يُسْرًا))
(Second chain) There is a similar narration, but with the addition of these words: "So recognize Allah in times of ease, He will recognize you in times of hardship. Thus, if all of creation intends to benefit you with something that Allah has not written for you, (no matter what they do) they will not be able to do so. Similarly, if they resolve to harm you with something that Allah has not decreed for you, they will not have the power to do so either. So know that there is great good in being patient over disliked matters, and help comes with patience, relief comes with hardship, and ease comes with difficulty."
