الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب الإيمان و الإسلامBook of Faith and Islam
بَابٌ فِي حُكْمِ الْإِقْرَارِ بِالشَّهَادَتَيْنِ وَ أَنَّهُمَا تَعْصِمَانِ قَائِلَهُمَا مِنَ الْقَتْلِ وَ بِهِمَا يَكُونُ مُسْلِمًا وَ يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ
Chapter on the ruling of affirming the two testimonies, that they protect the one who says them from being killed, and by them one becomes a Muslim and enters Paradise
Hadith 123
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: ((أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، فَإِذَا قَالُوهَا عَصَمُوا دِمَاءَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهَا وَحِسَابُهُمْ عَلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى)) قَالَ: فَلَمَّا كَانَتِ الرَّدَّةُ، قَالَ عُمَرُ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا: تُقَاتِلُهُمْ وَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ كَذَا وَكَذَا، قَالَ: فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ: نُقَاتِلُهُمْ وَاللَّهِ، لَا أُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاةِ وَالزَّكَاةِ وَلَأُقَاتِلَنَّ مَنْ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا، قَالَ: فَقَاتَلْنَا مَعَهُ فَرَأَيْنَا ذَلِكَ رَشَدًا
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I have been commanded to fight the people until they declare «لاَ إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ»; when they say this statement, they will protect their blood and wealth from me, except by its right, and their reckoning is with Allah the Exalted." When, during the time of Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), people began to refuse zakat and (Sayyiduna Abu Bakr wanted to fight such people), Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said to him: "How will you fight these people, when I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say (that after «لاَ إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ», wealth and blood are protected)?" But Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "By Allah! We will fight such people. I do not differentiate between prayer and zakat, and I will fight the one who differentiates between them." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Then we fought such people along with Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), and we realized that this matter was indeed guidance."
Hadith 124
وَعَنْهُ فِي أُخْرَى قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَيُقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَيُؤْتُوا الزَّكَاةَ ثُمَّ قَدْ حَرُمَ عَلَيَّ دِمَاؤُهُمْ وَأَمْوَالُهُمْ وَحِسَابُهُمْ عَلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ))
(Second chain) The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "I have been commanded to fight the people until they say «لاَ إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ», establish prayer, and pay zakat. In this way, their blood and wealth will become forbidden for me, and their reckoning will be with Allah, the Exalted."
Hadith 125
عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَشْهَدُوا أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، فَإِذَا شَهِدُوا وَاسْتَقْبَلُوا قِبْلَتَنَا وَأَكَلُوا ذَبِيحَتَنَا وَصَلَّوْا صَلَاتَنَا فَقَدْ حَرُمَتْ عَلَيْنَا دِمَاؤُهُمْ وَأَمْوَالُهُمْ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهَا، لَهُمْ مَا لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ وَعَلَيْهِمْ مَا عَلَيْهِمْ))
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "I have been commanded to fight the people until they testify that Allah alone is the true deity and Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, is His Messenger. When they bear this testimony, face our Qiblah, eat our slaughtered animals, and perform our prayer, then their blood and wealth become forbidden for us, except by right, and they will have the same rights as other Muslims and the same responsibilities as other Muslims."
Hadith 126
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: ثَنَا شُعْبَةُ عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أُوَيْسًا (يَعْنِي بْنَ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ الثَّقَفِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ) يَقُولُ: أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فِي وَفْدِ ثَقِيفٍ فَكُنَّا فِي قُبَّةٍ فَقَامَ مَنْ كَانَ فِيهَا غَيْرِي وَغَيْرَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ فَسَارَّهُ فَقَالَ: اذْهَبْ فَاقْتُلْهُ، (وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: فَلَمَّا وَلَّى الرَّجُلُ دَعَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ) ثُمَّ قَالَ: ((أَلَيْسَ يَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ)) قَالَ: بَلَى! وَلَكِنَّهُ يَقُولُهَا تَعَوُّذًا، فَقَالَ: ((رُدُّوهُ)) (وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: اذْهَبُوا فَخَلُّوا سَبِيلَهُ) ثُمَّ قَالَ: ((أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، فَإِذَا قَالُوهَا حَرُمَتْ عَلَيَّ دِمَاؤُهُمْ وَأَمْوَالُهُمْ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهَا)) فَقُلْتُ لِشُعْبَةَ: أَلَيْسَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَلَيْسَ يَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ شُعْبَةُ: أَظُنُّهَا مَعَهَا وَلَا أَدْرِي
Sayyiduna Uwais bin Abu Uwais Thaqafi (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: He says, I came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) with the delegation of Thaqif. We were in a tent. It so happened that all the people left except me and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Meanwhile, a man came and whispered something to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Then go and kill him." In one narration it is stated: When that man was about to leave, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) called him and asked: "Does he bear witness to «لاَ إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ»?" He said: "Yes, but he only says this statement to save himself." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Leave him." In another narration it is stated: "Go and let him go." Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I have been commanded to fight the people until they say «لاَ إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ»; when they say this statement, their blood and wealth become forbidden for me, except by right." I (Muhammad bin Ja'far) said to Imam Shu'bah: Were the words of the hadith not such that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked whether he bears witness to «لاَ إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ»? He said: I think these words were also there, but now I do not remember.
Hadith 127
عَنْ أَبِي مَالِكٍ الْأَشْجَعِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ (طَارِقِ بْنِ أَشْيَمَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ) أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ لِقَوْمٍ: ((مَنْ وَحَّدَ اللَّهَ وَكَفَرَ بِمَا يُعْبَدُ مِنْ دُونِهِ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ مَالَهُ وَدَمَهُ وَحِسَابُهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ))
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Tariq bin Ashyam, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Noble Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said regarding people: "Whoever declares Allah Almighty as One and Unique, and rejects all those who are worshipped besides Allah Almighty, then Allah Almighty will make his wealth and blood inviolable, and his reckoning will be with Allah Almighty."
Hadith 128
عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ابْتَعَثَ نَبِيَّهُ لِإِدْخَالِ رَجُلٍ إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ فَدَخَلَ الْكَنِيسَةَ فَإِذَا هُوَ بِيَهُودَ وَإِذَا يَهُودِيٌّ يَقْرَأُ عَلَيْهِمُ التَّوْرَاةَ، فَلَمَّا أَتَوْا عَلَى صِفَةِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَمْسَكُوا، وَفِي نَاحِيَتِهَا رَجُلٌ مَرِيضٌ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((مَا لَكُمْ أَمْسَكْتُمْ؟)) قَالَ الْمَرِيضُ: إِنَّهُمْ أَتَوْا عَلَى صِفَةِ نَبِيٍّ فَأَمْسَكُوا، ثُمَّ جَاءَ الْمَرِيضُ يَحْبُو حَتَّى أَخَذَ التَّوْرَاةَ فَقَرَأَ حَتَّى أَتَى عَلَى صِفَةِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأُمَّتِهِ فَقَالَ: هَذِهِ صِفَتُكَ وَصِفَةُ أُمَّتِكَ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، ثُمَّ مَاتَ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: ((لُوا أَخَاكُمْ))
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas’ud (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: Verily, Allah Almighty sent His Prophet to admit a servant into Paradise. The matter is that he (the Prophet) entered a church, where some Jews were sitting and one of them was reading the Torah to them. When he reached the description of the Noble Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), he stopped. In a corner, a sick man was sitting. The Noble Prophet (peace be upon him) said to him: “Why did you stop?” The sick man said: “There is mention of a Prophet ahead, that is why he stopped.” Then that sick man dragged himself forward until he took hold of the Torah and began to read it, until he read the description of the Noble Prophet (peace be upon him) and his Ummah, and then he said: “O Messenger of Allah! These are your and your Ummah’s descriptions. I bear witness that Allah Almighty alone is the true deity and you are His Messenger.” Then that man passed away. The Noble Prophet (peace be upon him) said to his companions: “Take care of your brother (and arrange for his funeral and burial).”
Hadith 129
عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَدِيِّ بْنِ الْخِيَارِ أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّهُ أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَهُوَ فِي مَجْلِسٍ فَسَارَّهُ يَسْتَأْذِنُهُ فِي قَتْلِ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ، فَجَهَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: ((أَلَيْسَ يَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ؟)) قَالَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ: بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَلَا شَهَادَةَ لَهُ، قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((أَلَيْسَ يَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ؟)) قَالَ: بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ! قَالَ: ((أَلَيْسَ يُصَلِّي)) قَالَ: بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَلَا صَلَاةَ لَهُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ نَهَانِي اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ))
Ubaydullah bin Adi bin Khiyar (may Allah have mercy on him) says that an Ansari man narrated to him that he came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) while he was in a gathering. He whispered something to the Prophet (peace be upon him); in fact, he was seeking permission to kill a man. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said aloud: "Does he not testify that Allah alone is the true deity?" The Ansari said: "Why not, O Messenger of Allah! But he has no testimony." But the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) again said: "Does he not testify that Muhammad (peace be upon him) is the Messenger of Allah?" He said: "Why not, O Messenger of Allah!" Then the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "Does he not perform prayer?" He said: "Why not, O Messenger of Allah! But he has no prayer." The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "But Allah, the Exalted, has forbidden me from (killing) such people."
Hadith 130
(وَعَنْهُ أَيْضًا) عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَمَا هُوَ جَالِسٌ إِذْ جَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ يَعْنِي يَسْتَأْذِنُهُ أَيْ يُسَارُّهُ فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ
(Second narration) Ubaidullah bin Adi bin Khiyar (may Allah have mercy on him) also narrates that Abdullah bin Adi Ansari related to him that once the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was sitting when a man sought permission from him, that is, he whispered to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). The rest of the narration is similar to the one mentioned above.
Hadith 131
عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ عِتْبَانَ اشْتَكَى عَيْنُهُ فَبَعَثَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَذَكَرَ لَهُ مَا أَصَابَهُ، قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ! تَعَالَ صَلِّ فِي بَيْتِي حَتَّى أَتَّخِذَهُ مُصَلًّى، قَالَ: فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَمَنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُصَلِّي وَأَصْحَابُهُ يَتَحَدَّثُونَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَجَعَلُوا يَذْكُرُونَ مَا يَلْقَوْنَ مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ فَأَسْنَدُوا عُظْمَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى مَالِكِ بْنِ دُخَيْشِمٍ، فَانْصَرَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَقَالَ: ((أَلَيْسَ يَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ؟)) فَقَالَ قَائِلٌ: بَلَى وَمَا هُوَ فِي قَلْبِهِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((مَنْ شَهِدَ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ فَلَنْ تَطْعَمَهُ النَّارُ، أَوْ قَالَ: لَنْ يَدْخُلَ النَّارَ))
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) that Sayyiduna ‘Itban (may Allah be pleased with him) developed an ailment in his eye. He sent a message to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) about the difficulty he was facing and said: “O Messenger of Allah! Please come and pray at a place in my house so that I may make it my place of prayer.” The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and, according to Allah’s will, a few companions came. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) stood up for prayer and the companions became engaged in conversation. Then they began to mention the troubles caused by the hypocrites and considered Malik bin Dukhshum to be a major cause of it. Meanwhile, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) finished and said: “Does he not bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that I am the Messenger of Allah?” A man replied: “Yes, he does bear witness to this, but there is no belief in his heart according to it.” The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Whoever bears witness that Allah alone is the true God and I am His Messenger, then the Fire will never consume him, or (he said) he will never enter the Fire.”
Hadith 132
عَنِ الْمِقْدَادِ بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ! أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ لَقِيتُ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْكُفَّارِ فَقَاتَلَنِي فَاخْتَلَفْنَا ضَرْبَتَيْنِ فَضَرَبَ إِحْدَى يَدَيَّ بِالسَّيْفِ فَقَطَعَهَا ثُمَّ لَاذَ مِنِّي بِشَجَرَةٍ فَقَالَ: أَسْلَمْتُ لِلَّهِ، أُقَاتِلُهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ (وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: أَقْتُلُهُ أَمْ أَدَعُهُ بَعْدَ أَنْ قَالَهَا) فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((لَا تَقْتُلْهُ فَإِنْ قَتَلْتَهُ فَإِنَّهُ بِمَنْزِلَتِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَقْتُلَهُ وَأَنْتَ بِمَنْزِلَتِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقُولَ كَلِمَتَهُ الَّتِي قَالَ))
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Miqdad bin Aswad (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: "O Messenger of Allah! What is your opinion regarding this: if I encounter a disbeliever, he fights with me, we both strike each other once, but he strikes my hand with a sword in such a way that he cuts it off, and then, to seek protection from me, he goes behind a tree and starts saying: 'I have become a Muslim for the sake of Allah.' O Messenger of Allah! Should I fight him now?" In another narration: "After he says this, should I kill him or leave him?" The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not kill him. If you kill him, then the state you were in before this killing, that is, your state of Islam, you will enter into his state, and the state he was in before accepting Islam, he will enter into yours."
