الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب التوحيدBook of Monotheism
بابٌ فِي وُجُوبِ مَعْرِفَةِ اللهِ تَعَالَى وَتَوْحِيدِهِ وَالاعْتِرَافِ بِوُجُودِهِ
Chapter on the obligation of knowing Allah the Exalted, His oneness, and acknowledging His existence
Hadith 1
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي حَدَّثَنَا حُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرٌ يَعْنِي ابْنَ أَبِي حَازِمٍ عَنْ كُلْثُومِ بْنِ جَبْرٍ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ:«أَخَذَ اللَّهُ الْمِيثَاقَ مِنْ ظَهْرِ آدَمَ بِنَعْمَانَ يَعْنِي عَرَفَةَ، فَأَخْرَجَ مِنْ صُلْبِهِ كُلَّ ذُرِّيَّةٍ ذَرَأَهَا، فَنَثَرَهُمْ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ كَالذَّرِّ، ثُمَّ كَلَّمَهُمْ قُبُلًا، قَالَ: أَلَسْتُ بِرَبِّكُمْ قَالُوا بَلَى شَهِدْنَا أَنْ تَقُولُوا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ إِنَّا كُنَّا عَنْ هَذَا غَافِلِينَ، أَوْ تَقُولُوا إِنَّمَا أَشْرَكَ آبَاؤُنَا مِنْ قَبْلُ وَكُنَّا ذُرِّيَّةً مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ أَفَتُهْلِكُنَا بِمَا فَعَلَ الْمُبْطِلُونَ»
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Allah Almighty took a firm covenant from Adam’s (peace be upon him) progeny at the place of Nu’man, that is, ‘Arafah. The method was that Allah Almighty brought forth from his back all his offspring that He was to create, and scattered them before him like ants. Then, addressing them face to face, He said: “Am I not your Lord?” All replied, “Yes, indeed! We all bear witness.” This was so that on the Day of Resurrection you may not say, “We were unaware of this,” or say, “It was our forefathers who committed shirk before us, and we were their descendants after them; so will You destroy us for the deeds of those who went astray?”
Hadith 2
عَنْ رُفَيْعٍ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ عَنْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: «وَإِذْ أَخَذَ رَبُّكَ مِنْ بَنِي آدَمَ مِنْ ظُهُورِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّاتِهِمْ وَأَشْهَدَهُمْ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ» الْآيَةَ، قَالَ:جَمَعَهُمْ فَجَعَلَهُمْ أَرْوَاحًا، ثُمَّ صَوَّرَهُمْ فَاسْتَنْطَقَهُمْ فَتَكَلَّمُوا، ثُمَّ أَخَذَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْعَهْدَ وَالْمِيثَاقَ وَأَشْهَدَهُمْ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ: أَلَسْتُ بِرَبِّكُمْ؟ قَالَ: فَإِنِّي أُشْهِدُ عَلَيْكُمُ السَّمَاوَاتِ السَّبْعَ وَالْأَرَضِينَ السَّبْعَ، وَأُشْهِدُ عَلَيْكُمْ أَبَاكُمْ آدَمَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ أَنْ تَقُولُوا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ لَمْ نَعْلَمْ بِذَلِكَ، اعْلَمُوا أَنَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ غَيْرِي وَلَا رَبَّ غَيْرِي فَلَا تُشْرِكُوا بِي شَيْئًا، إِنِّي سَأُرْسِلُ إِلَيْكُمْ رُسُلِي يُذَكِّرُونَكُمْ عَهْدِي وَمِيثَاقِي وَأُنْزِلُ عَلَيْكُمْ كُتُبِي، قَالُوا: شَهِدْنَا بِأَنَّكَ رَبُّنَا وَإِلَهُنَا لَا رَبَّ غَيْرَكَ، فَأَقَرُّوا بِذَلِكَ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ubayy ibn Ka'b (may Allah be pleased with him) that, explaining the interpretation of Allah Almighty's statement «وَإِذْ أَخَذَ رَبُّكَ مِنْ بَنِي آدَمَ مِنْ ظُهُورِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّاتِهِمْ وَأَشْهَدَهُمْ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ», he says: Allah Almighty gathered them in the form of souls, then made their images and called them forth, so they spoke. Then He took a firm covenant from them and made them witnesses over themselves and said: "Am I not your Lord? I make the seven heavens and the seven earths witnesses over you, and I also make your father Adam (peace be upon him) a witness over you, so that you may not say on the Day of Resurrection that we had no knowledge of this matter. Know that there is no deity nor Lord besides Me, so do not associate anyone with Me. Soon I will send My messengers to you; they will remind you of My promise and covenant, and I will also send down books upon you." All of them replied: "We bear witness that You alone are our Lord and deity; we have no Lord besides You." Thus, they acknowledged this matter.
Hadith 3
عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ:«يُقَالُ لِلرَّجُلِ مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّارِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ: أَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ كَانَ مَا عَلَى الْأَرْضِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ أَكُنْتَ مُفْتَدِيًا بِهِ؟ قَالَ: فَيَقُولُ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: فَيَقُولُ: قَدْ أَرَدْتُ مِنْكَ أَهْوَنَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، قَدْ أَخَذْتُ عَلَيْكَ فِي ظَهْرِ آدَمَ أَنْ لَا تُشْرِكَ بِي شَيْئًا فَأَبَيْتَ إِلَّا أَنْ تُشْرِكَ بِي» ۔
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "On the Day of Resurrection, it will be said to a man from among the people of Hell: What do you think, if you were to offer as ransom all that is on the earth, would you give it to save yourself from this punishment? He will say: Yes. Allah Almighty will say: I had asked you for something easier than this. I had taken a covenant from you, while you were in the loins of Adam (peace be upon him), that you should not associate anything with Me, but you refused and persisted in associating partners with Me."
Hadith 4
عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ غَنْمٍ وَهُوَ الَّذِي بَعَثَهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ إِلَى الشَّامِ يُفَقِّهُ النَّاسَ أَنَّ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ حَدَّثَهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ رَكِبَ يَوْمًا عَلَى حِمَارٍ لَهُ يُقَالُ لَهُ يَعْفُورٌ، رَسَنُهُ مِنْ لِيفٍ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «ارْكَبْ يَا مُعَاذُ!» فَقُلْتُ: سِرْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ! فَقَالَ:«ارْكَبْ» فَرَدِفْتُهُ فَصُرِعَ الْحِمَارُ بِنَا فَقَامَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَضْحَكُ وَقُمْتُ أَذْكُرُ مِنْ نَفْسِي أَسَفًا، ثُمَّ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ الثَّانِيَةَ ثُمَّ الثَّالِثَةَ وَسَارَ بِنَا فَأَخْلَفَ يَدَهُ فَضَرَبَ ظَهْرِي بِسَوْطٍ مَعَهُ أَوْ عَصًا، ثُمَّ قَالَ:« يَا مُعَاذُ! هَلْ تَدْرِي مَا حَقُّ اللَّهِ عَلَى الْعِبَادِ؟» فَقُلْتُ: اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ، قَالَ: «فَإِنَّ حَقَّ اللَّهِ عَلَى الْعِبَادِ أَنْ يَعْبُدُوهُ وَلَا يُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئًا» قَالَ: ثُمَّ سَارَ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ، ثُمَّ أَخْلَفَ يَدَهُ فَضَرَبَ ظَهْرِي فَقَالَ: «يَا مُعَاذُ! يَا ابْنَ أُمِّ مُعَاذٍ! هَلْ تَدْرِي مَا حَقُّ الْعِبَادِ عَلَى اللَّهِ إِذَا هُمْ فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ؟» قُلْتُ: اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ، قَالَ: «فَإِنَّ حَقَّ الْعِبَادِ عَلَى اللَّهِ إِذَا فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ أَنْ يُدْخِلَهُمُ الْجَنَّةَ»۔
It is narrated from Abdur Rahman bin Ghanm that Sayyiduna Mu’adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) related to him that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) one day rode on his donkey named Ya’foor, its rope was made of palm leaves. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Mu’adh! You also mount.” I said: O Messenger of Allah! You go ahead (I am fine walking), but the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) again said: “You mount.” So I mounted behind the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). It happened that the donkey stumbled and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) stood up and smiled, and I felt regret in my heart. Then the same happened the second and third time as well. In any case, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) put his blessed hand behind and struck my back with a whip or stick and said: “Mu’adh! Do you know what right Allah has over His servants?” I said: Allah and His Messenger know best. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Indeed, Allah’s right over His servants is that they worship Him and do not associate anything with Him.” Then, as much as Allah willed, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) went forward, and then put his hand behind and struck my back and said: “O Mu’adh! O son of Mu’adh’s mother! Do you know what right the servants have over Allah if they do so?” I said: Allah and His Messenger know best. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Indeed, when the servants do so, their right over Allah is that He admits them to Paradise.”
Hadith 5
عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: أَتَيْنَا مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ فَقُلْنَا: حَدِّثْنَا مِنْ غَرَائِبِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَ: نَعَمْ، كُنْتُ رِدْفَهُ عَلَى حِمَارٍ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ: «يَا مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ!» قُلْتُ: لَبَّيْكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ! قَالَ: «هَلْ تَدْرِي مَا حَقُّ اللَّهِ عَلَى الْعِبَادِ؟» قُلْتُ: اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ، فَذَكَرَ مِثْلَهُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «أَنْ لَا يُعَذِّبَهُمْ» بَدَلَ قَوْلِهِ «أَنْ يُدْخِلَهُمُ الْجَنَّةَ»، زَادَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى مِنْ طَرِيقٍ آخَرَ: قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ! أَلَا أُبَشِّرُ النَّاسَ؟ قَالَ: «دَعْهُمْ يَعْمَلُوا»۔
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: We came to Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) and said: Tell us some strange hadith of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He said: Yes, that incident is that I was riding behind the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) on a donkey. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Mu'adh bin Jabal!" I said: I am present, O Messenger of Allah! The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do you know what right Allah has over His servants?" I said: Allah and His Messenger know best. Then he mentioned the hadith as above, but in this narration, instead of saying that He will admit them to Paradise, the words are that He will not punish them, and in one narration there is this addition: At the end I said: O Messenger of Allah! Should I not convey this hadith to the people and give them glad tidings? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Leave it, so that they may continue to do more deeds."
Hadith 6
عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: أَتَيْنَا مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ فَقُلْنَا: حَدِّثْنَا مِنْ غَرَائِبِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَ: نَعَمْ، كُنْتُ رِدْفَهُ عَلَى حِمَارٍ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ: «يَا مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ!» قُلْتُ: لَبَّيْكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ! قَالَ: «هَلْ تَدْرِي مَا حَقُّ اللَّهِ عَلَى الْعِبَادِ؟» قُلْتُ: اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ، فَذَكَرَ مِثْلَهُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «أَنْ لَا يُعَذِّبَهُمْ» بَدَلَ قَوْلِهِ «أَنْ يُدْخِلَهُمُ الْجَنَّةَ»، زَادَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى مِنْ طَرِيقٍ آخَرَ: قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ! أَلَا أُبَشِّرُ النَّاسَ؟ قَالَ: «دَعْهُمْ يَعْمَلُوا»۔
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: We came to Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) and said: Tell us some strange hadith of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He said: Yes, that incident is that I was riding behind the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) on a donkey. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Mu'adh bin Jabal!" I said: I am present, O Messenger of Allah! The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do you know what right Allah has over His servants?" I said: Allah and His Messenger know best. Then he mentioned the hadith as above, but in this narration, instead of saying that He will admit them to Paradise, the words are that He will not punish them, and in one narration there is this addition: At the end I said: O Messenger of Allah! Should I not convey this hadith to the people and give them glad tidings? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Leave it, so that they may continue to do more deeds."
Hadith 7
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «يَا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ هَلْ تَدْرِي مَا حَقُّ النَّاسِ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَمَا حَقُّ اللَّهِ عَلَى النَّاسِ؟» قُلْتُ: اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ، قَالَ: «حَقُّ اللَّهِ عَلَى النَّاسِ أَنْ يَعْبُدُوهُ وَلَا يُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئًا، فَإِذَا فَعَلُوا ذَالِكَ فَحَقٌّ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ لَا يُعَذِّبَهُمْ»
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "O Abu Hurairah! Do you know what is the right of people upon Allah and the right of Allah upon people?" I said: Allah and His Messenger know best. He, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "The right of Allah upon His servants is that they worship Him and do not associate anything with Him, and if they do so, then their right upon Allah is that He does not punish them."
Hadith 8
عَنْ رِبْعِيِّ بْنِ حِرَاشٍ عَنْ طُفَيْلِ بْنِ سَخْبَرَةَ أَخِي عَائِشَةَ لِأُمِّهَا أَنَّهُ رَأَى فِيمَا يَرَى النَّائِمُ كَأَنَّهُ مَرَّ بِرَهْطٍ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ فَقَالَ: مَنْ أَنْتُمْ؟ قَالُوا: نَحْنُ الْيَهُودُ، قَالَ: إِنَّكُمْ أَنْتُمُ الْقَوْمُ لَوْلَا أَنَّكُمْ تَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ عُزَيْرًا ابْنُ اللَّهِ، فَقَالَ الْيَهُودُ: وَأَنْتُمُ الْقَوْمُ لَوْلَا أَنَّكُمْ تَقُولُونَ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ وَشَاءَ مُحَمَّدٌ، ثُمَّ مَرَّ بِرَهْطٍ مِنَ النَّصَارَى فَقَالَ: مَنْ أَنْتُمْ؟ فَقَالُوا: نَحْنُ النَّصَارَى، فَقَالَ: إِنَّكُمْ أَنْتُمُ الْقَوْمُ لَوْلَا أَنَّكُمْ تَقُولُونَ الْمَسِيحُ ابْنُ اللَّهِ، قَالُوا: وَإِنَّكُمْ أَنْتُمُ الْقَوْمُ لَوْلَا أَنَّكُمْ تَقُولُونَ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ وَمَا شَاءَ مُحَمَّدٌ، فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ أَخْبَرَ بِهَا مَنْ أَخْبَرَ، ثُمَّ أَتَى النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَخْبَرَهُ، فَقَالَ: ((هَلْ أَخْبَرْتَ بِهَا أَحَدًا؟)) قَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَلَمَّا صَلَّوْا خَطَبَهُمْ، فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ: ((إِنَّ طُفَيْلًا رَأَى رُؤْيَا فَأَخْبَرَ بِهَا مَنْ أَخْبَرَ مِنْكُمْ وَإِنَّكُمْ كُنْتُمْ تَقُولُونَ كَلِمَةً كَانَ يَمْنَعُنِي الْحَيَاءُ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ أَنْهَاكُمْ عَنْهَا)) قَالَ: ((لَا تَقُولُوا مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ وَمَا شَاءَ مُحَمَّدٌ)).
Sayyiduna Tufail bin Sakhbara (may Allah be pleased with him), who was the half-brother of Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), narrates: I saw in a dream that I passed by a group of Jews and asked them: Who are you people? They said: We are Jews. I said: If you did not say that Uzair is the son of Allah Almighty, you would have been the best nation. They said: You Muslims would also be the best nation, if only you did not say that (whatever happens is) what Allah wills and what Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) wills. Then I passed by a group of Christians and asked them: Who are you people? They said: We are Christians. I said: If you did not say that the Messiah (peace be upon him) is the son of Allah Almighty, you would have been the best people. But they replied: If you also did not say that (whatever happens is) what Allah wills and what Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) wills, then you too would have been the best nation. When morning came, after relating this dream to some people, I went to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and told him the whole matter. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked me: "Did you tell this dream to anyone?" I said: Yes. Then, after the people had performed the prayer, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) addressed them, and after praising and glorifying Allah Almighty, he said: "Tufail has seen a dream and has told some of you about it. The matter is that you people used to say a certain phrase, (I disliked it) but modesty prevented me from forbidding you. (Now that the matter is clear) do not say: (whatever happens is) what Allah wills and what Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) wills."
Hadith 9
عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ بْنِ الْيَمَانِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: أَتَى رَجُلٌ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ فِي الْمَنَامِ أَنِّي لَقِيتُ بَعْضَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ، فَقَالَ: نِعْمَ الْقَوْمُ أَنْتُمْ، لَوْلَا أَنَّكُمْ تَقُولُونَ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ وَشَاءَ مُحَمَّدٌ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((قَدْ كُنْتُ أَكْرَهُهَا مِنْكُمْ، فَقُولُوا مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ شَاءَ مُحَمَّدٌ))
Sayyiduna Hudhayfah bin Yaman (may Allah be pleased with him) says that a man came to the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: I saw in a dream that I met some people of the Book and they said to me: You (Muslims) are very good people, if only you did not say: (It happens only as) Allah wills and Muhammad (peace be upon him) wills. Upon hearing this, the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I also disliked your saying this. In the future, say: What Allah Almighty wills, and then what Muhammad (peace be upon him) wills."
Hadith 10
عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَجُلًا قَالَ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ وَشِئْتَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: ((أَجَعَلْتَنِي وَاللَّهَ عِدْلًا، بَلْ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ))
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that a man said to the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "Whatever Allah wills and you will." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: "Have you made me a partner with Allah? Only what the One and Only Allah wills (happens)."
