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Hadith 9612

عَنْ حَفْصَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ أَرْبَعٌ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَدَعُهُنَّ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ صِيَامَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَالْعَشْرِ وَثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ وَالرَّكْعَتَيْنِ قَبْلَ الْغَدَاةِ
It is narrated from Sayyida Hafsa (may Allah be pleased with her) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) would not abandon four things: the fast of Ashura, the fasts of the ten days, the fasts of three days from every month, and the two Sunnah (units) before Fajr.
Hadith Reference الفتح الربانی / كتاب جامع فى الترغيب: الآداب والمواعظ والحكم وجوامع الكلم، يبدأ بالثلاثيات / 9612
Hadith Grading محدثین: ضعیف
Hadith Takhrij «حديث ضعيف، دون قوله: والركعتين قبل الغداة فصحيح، ابو اسحق الاشجعي مجھول، أخرجه النسائي: 4/ 220، (انظر مسند أحمد ترقيم الرسالة: ترقیم بيت الأفكار الدولية: 26991»
Brief Explanation
Benefits: … These four actions are established from the authentic (sahih) sayings and practices of the Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam.

By "the ten days" is meant the fasts of the first ten days of Dhu al-Hijjah, in which there is encouragement to perform more deeds. However, in this ten-day period, those days are not included on which fasting is prohibited, for example, the fast of the tenth of Dhu al-Hijjah, because that is the day of Eid.