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الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
مسائل الأخلاق الحسنة وما يتعلق بهاIssues of Good Character and Related Matters
بَابُ التَّرْغِيْبِ فِي الصِّدْقِ وَالأَمَانَةِChapter on encouragement to truthfulness and trustworthiness
Hadith 9235
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَدِيٍّ عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ يُقَالُ لَهُ يُوسُفُ قَالَ كُنْتُ أَنَا وَرَجُلٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ نَلِي مَالَ أَيْتَامٍ قَالَ وَكَانَ رَجُلٌ قَدْ ذَهَبَ عَنِّي بِأَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ قَالَ فَوَقَعَتْ لَهُ فِي يَدِي أَلْفُ دِرْهَمٍ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ لِلْقُرَشِيِّ إِنَّهُ قَدْ ذَهَبَ لِي بِأَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ وَقَدْ أَصَبْتُ لَهُ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ قَالَ فَقَالَ الْقُرَشِيُّ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ أَدِّ الْأَمَانَةَ إِلَى مَنِ ائْتَمَنَكَ وَلَا تَخُنْ مَنْ خَانَكَ
A man from the people of Makkah named Yusuf says: I and a man from the Quraysh were guardians of some orphans’ wealth. It happened that a man (acting dishonestly) took one thousand dirhams from me, then one thousand dirhams of his came into my hands. I said to the Qurayshi: That person took one thousand dirhams of mine, now his one thousand dirhams have come to me, so should I keep this amount? He said: My father narrated that the Noble Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: When someone makes you a trustee, then return his trust to him and do not betray him, even if he has betrayed you.
Brief Explanation
Benefits: … The entire Shari‘ah is a trust (amanah); some aspects pertain to the rights of Allah Ta‘ala, and some to the rights of the servants. In Islamic Shari‘ah, great emphasis has been placed on the fulfillment of trusts, and one who does not fulfill them has been called a hypocrite (munafiq).
From this hadith, it is also understood that trustworthiness (amanah) should be a permanent characteristic of a Muslim; one should neither adopt this quality in exchange for someone else’s trust, nor abandon it in response to someone’s betrayal. In this matter, no distinction is made between one’s own or others, the trustworthy or the treacherous, Muslim or non-Muslim; rather, the command is to fulfill everyone’s trust. Among us, the atmosphere of taking revenge is common; for example, if the government of the time does not fulfill its rights, the public begins to damage its property, such as stealing electricity and gas, stealing any kind of government property, traveling by train without paying the fare, not fulfilling one’s responsibilities in offices, schools, colleges, and various government institutions, or unlawfully occupying government lands. In Shari‘ah, all these are among the worst forms of sin. The same applies to betraying someone in response to their betrayal.
Dear readers! Reflect that in Shari‘ah, the relation of good and evil is with obedience and disobedience to Allah Ta‘ala, not with friendship or enmity with anyone. Consider the following hadith:
Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah radi Allahu anhu narrates that the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: “Do not withhold the milk of camels and goats (at the time of selling them). If someone buys such an animal, then after milking it, he has two options: if he wishes, he may keep it, and if he wishes, he may return it, but along with it, he must return a sa‘ (a specific measure) of dates.” (Bukhari: 2151, Muslim: 1524) … (That is,) do not withhold the milk of she-camels and goats (when selling them). If someone buys such an animal, then after milking it, he has two options: if he wishes, he may keep it, and if he wishes, he may return it, but along with it, he must return a sa‘ of dates.
In the narration of Muslim, it is stated: “He has the option (to return it) for three days.” … He has the option to return it for up to three days. See, the seller of the animal committed deception and for two or three days kept feeding the animal but did not milk it. When the buyer milked the animal and used the milk, and within a day or two the reality became clear to him, the Shari‘ah gave him the option to return the transaction within three days, and also commanded that if he returns the animal, he must also return a sa‘ of dates, so that the seller, who had been feeding the animal but not milking it, receives compensation.
Subhan Allah! The one who withheld the animal’s milk committed injustice and deception, but the Shari‘ah did not even approve that, in response to his deception, harm should be inflicted upon him or excess committed against him. Rather, the command was given that his deception be left to him, and in compensation for his fodder or effort, he should be given a sa‘ of dates.
From this hadith, it is also understood that trustworthiness (amanah) should be a permanent characteristic of a Muslim; one should neither adopt this quality in exchange for someone else’s trust, nor abandon it in response to someone’s betrayal. In this matter, no distinction is made between one’s own or others, the trustworthy or the treacherous, Muslim or non-Muslim; rather, the command is to fulfill everyone’s trust. Among us, the atmosphere of taking revenge is common; for example, if the government of the time does not fulfill its rights, the public begins to damage its property, such as stealing electricity and gas, stealing any kind of government property, traveling by train without paying the fare, not fulfilling one’s responsibilities in offices, schools, colleges, and various government institutions, or unlawfully occupying government lands. In Shari‘ah, all these are among the worst forms of sin. The same applies to betraying someone in response to their betrayal.
Dear readers! Reflect that in Shari‘ah, the relation of good and evil is with obedience and disobedience to Allah Ta‘ala, not with friendship or enmity with anyone. Consider the following hadith:
Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah radi Allahu anhu narrates that the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: “Do not withhold the milk of camels and goats (at the time of selling them). If someone buys such an animal, then after milking it, he has two options: if he wishes, he may keep it, and if he wishes, he may return it, but along with it, he must return a sa‘ (a specific measure) of dates.” (Bukhari: 2151, Muslim: 1524) … (That is,) do not withhold the milk of she-camels and goats (when selling them). If someone buys such an animal, then after milking it, he has two options: if he wishes, he may keep it, and if he wishes, he may return it, but along with it, he must return a sa‘ of dates.
In the narration of Muslim, it is stated: “He has the option (to return it) for three days.” … He has the option to return it for up to three days. See, the seller of the animal committed deception and for two or three days kept feeding the animal but did not milk it. When the buyer milked the animal and used the milk, and within a day or two the reality became clear to him, the Shari‘ah gave him the option to return the transaction within three days, and also commanded that if he returns the animal, he must also return a sa‘ of dates, so that the seller, who had been feeding the animal but not milking it, receives compensation.
Subhan Allah! The one who withheld the animal’s milk committed injustice and deception, but the Shari‘ah did not even approve that, in response to his deception, harm should be inflicted upon him or excess committed against him. Rather, the command was given that his deception be left to him, and in compensation for his fodder or effort, he should be given a sa‘ of dates.
