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الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
تفسير من سورة محمد إلى سورة التحريمInterpretation from Surah Muhammad to Surah At-Tahrim
بَابُ: «وَيَحْلِفُونَ عَلَى الْكَذِبِ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ»Chapter: "And they swear by Allah while they are lying"
Hadith 8783
اُردوEn
عَنْ خَوْلَةَ بِنْتِ ثَعْلَبَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ وَاللَّهِ فِيَّ وَفِي أَوْسِ بْنِ صَامِتٍ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ صَدْرَ سُورَةِ الْمُجَادَلَةِ قَالَتْ كُنْتُ عِنْدَهُ وَكَانَ شَيْخًا كَبِيرًا قَدْ سَاءَ خُلُقُهُ وَضَجِرَ قَالَتْ فَدَخَلَ عَلَيَّ يَوْمًا فَرَاجَعْتُهُ بِشَيْءٍ فَغَضِبَ فَقَالَ أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّي قَالَتْ ثُمَّ خَرَجَ فَجَلَسَ فِي نَادِي قَوْمِهِ سَاعَةً ثُمَّ دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ فَإِذَا هُوَ يُرِيدُنِي عَلَى نَفْسِي قَالَتْ فَقُلْتُ كَلَّا وَالَّذِي نَفْسُ خَوْلَةَ بِيَدِهِ لَا تَخْلُصُ إِلَيَّ وَقَدْ قُلْتَ مَا قُلْتَ حَتَّى يَحْكُمَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ فِينَا بِحُكْمِهِ قَالَتْ فَوَاثَبَنِي وَامْتَنَعْتُ مِنْهُ فَغَلَبْتُهُ بِمَا تَغْلِبُ بِهِ الْمَرْأَةُ الشَّيْخَ الضَّعِيفَ فَأَلْقَيْتُهُ عَنِّي قَالَتْ ثُمَّ خَرَجْتُ إِلَى بَعْضِ جَارَاتِي فَاسْتَعَرْتُ مِنْهَا ثِيَابَهَا ثُمَّ خَرَجْتُ حَتَّى جِئْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَجَلَسْتُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ فَذَكَرْتُ لَهُ مَا لَقِيتُ مِنْهُ فَجَعَلْتُ أَشْكُو إِلَيْهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا أَلْقَى مِنْ سُوءِ خُلُقِهِ قَالَتْ فَجَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ يَا خَوْلَةُ ابْنُ عَمِّكِ شَيْخٌ كَبِيرٌ فَاتَّقِي اللَّهَ فِيهِ قَالَتْ فَوَاللَّهِ مَا بَرِحْتُ حَتَّى نَزَلَ فِيَّ الْقُرْآنُ فَتَغَشَّى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا كَانَ يَتَغَشَّاهُ ثُمَّ سُرِّيَ عَنْهُ فَقَالَ لِي يَا خَوْلَةُ قَدْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِيكِ وَفِي صَاحِبِكِ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ عَلَيَّ قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا وَتَشْتَكِي إِلَى اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ يَسْمَعُ تَحَاوُرَكُمَا إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ بَصِيرٌ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ [سورة المجادلة: ١-٤] فَقَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُرِيهِ فَلْيُعْتِقْ رَقَبَةً قَالَتْ فَقُلْتُ وَاللَّهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا عِنْدَهُ مَا يُعْتِقُ قَالَ فَلْيَصُمْ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ قَالَتْ فَقُلْتُ وَاللَّهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّهُ شَيْخٌ كَبِيرٌ مَا بِهِ مِنْ صِيَامٍ قَالَ فَلْيُطْعِمْ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا وَسْقًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ قَالَتْ قُلْتُ وَاللَّهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا ذَاكَ عِنْدَهُ قَالَتْ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَإِنَّا سَنُعِينُهُ بِعَرَقٍ مِنْ تَمْرٍ قَالَتْ فَقُلْتُ وَأَنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ سَأُعِينُهُ بِعَرَقٍ آخَرَ قَالَ قَدْ أَصَبْتِ وَأَحْسَنْتِ فَاذْهَبِي فَتَصَدَّقِي عَنْهُ ثُمَّ اسْتَوْصِي بِابْنِ عَمِّكِ خَيْرًا قَالَتْ فَفَعَلْتُ قَالَ سَعْدٌ الْعَرَقُ الصِّنُّ
Narrated by Sayyida Khawla bint Tha’laba (may Allah be pleased with her), she says: By Allah! Allah Almighty revealed the beginning of Surah Al-Mujadila regarding me and my husband, Sayyiduna Aws bin Samit (may Allah be pleased with him). The details are as follows: I was his wife, Aws had become old and weak, due to which he had become ill-tempered and irritable. One day he came to me, I argued with him, he became angry and said: “You are to me like the back of my mother.” Then he went out, sat for a while in the gathering of his people, then came back to me and wanted to have relations with me, but I said: By the One in whose hand is Khawla’s soul! You will not be able to approach me, you have just said what you said, until Allah Almighty and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) decide between us. He jumped towards me, but I managed to protect myself from him, just as a woman overcomes her old husband. I pushed him away and went out, borrowed some clothes from my neighbor, and went to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). I sat before him and narrated the whole incident, and began to complain to him about my husband’s bad behavior. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: O Khawla! He is your cousin and has become old, so fear Allah regarding him. But I kept repeating my complaint until the Qur’an began to be revealed about me. The state that would come upon him during revelation came upon the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), then that state ended and he said to me: O Khawla! Allah’s command has been revealed regarding you and your husband. Then he recited these verses: {قَدْ سَمِعَ اللّٰہُ قَوْلَ الَّتِی تُجَادِلُکَ فِی زَوْجِہَا وَتَشْتَکِیْ إِلَی اللّٰہِ وَاللّٰہُ یَسْمَعُ تَحَاوُرَ کُمَا إِنَّ اللّٰہَ سَمِیعٌ بَصِیرٌ … … وَلِلْکَافِرِینَ عَذَابٌ أَ لِیمٌ}. Sayyida Khawla says: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to me: Tell your husband to free a slave. I said: O Messenger of Allah! He does not have the means to free a slave. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Then tell him to fast for two consecutive months. I said: O Messenger of Allah! He is very old and does not have the strength to fast. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Then tell him to feed sixty poor people one wasq of food. I said: O Messenger of Allah! He does not have that either. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: I will help with a basket of dates. I said: O Messenger of Allah! I will also help with a basket. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: You have made a very correct and good decision, now go and give charity on his behalf, then treat your cousin kindly. So I did as instructed.
Brief Explanation
Benefits: … These were a total of four verses, which are as follows: {قَدْ سَمِعَ اللّٰہُ قَوْلَ الَّتِی تُجَادِلُکَ فِی زَوْجِہَا وَتَشْتَکِیْ إِلَی اللّٰہِ وَاللّٰہُ یَسْمَعُ تَحَاوُرَ کُمَا إِنَّ اللّٰہَ سَمِیعٌ بَصِیرٌ۔ اَلَّذِیْنَیُظٰہِرُوْنَ مِنْکُمْ مِّنْ نِّسَایِــہِمْ مَّا ہُنَّ اُمَّہٰتِہِمْ اِنْ اُمَّہٰتُہُمْ اِلَّا ا وَلَدْنَہُمْ وَاِنَّہُمْ لَیَقُوْلُوْنَ مُنْکَرًا مِّنَ الْقَوْلِ وَزُوْرًا وَاِنَّ اللّٰہَ لَعَفُوٌّ غَفُوْرٌ۔ وَالَّذِیْنَیُظٰہِرُوْنَ مِنْ نِّسَائِہِمْ ثُمَّ یَعُوْدُوْنَ لِمَا قَالُوْا فَتَحْرِیْرُ رَقَبَۃٍ مِّنْ قَبْلِ اَنْ یَّـتَـمَاسَّا ذٰلِکُمْ تُوْعَظُوْنَ بِہٖوَاللّٰہُبِمَاتَعْمَلُوْنَخَبِیْرٌ۔ فَمَنْ لَّمْ یَجِدْ فَصِیَامُ شَہْرَیْنِ مُتَتَابِعَیْنِ مِنْ قَبْلِ اَنْ یَّتَمَـاسَّا فَمَنْ لَّمْ یَسْتَطِعْ فَاِطْعَامُ سِـتِّیْنَ مِسْکِیْنًا ذٰلِکَ لِتُؤْمِنُوْا بِاللّٰہِ وَرَسُوْلِہٖوَتِلْکَحُدُوْدُاللّٰہِوَلِلْکٰفِرِیْنَ عَذَابٌ اَلِیْمٌ۔}
Surely Allah has heard the statement of the woman who was disputing with you concerning her husband and was complaining to Allah, and Allah was hearing the conversation of you both. Indeed, Allah is All-Hearing, All-Seeing. Those among you who declare zihar to their wives—they are not their mothers; their mothers are none but those who gave birth to them. And indeed, they surely utter a reprehensible statement and a lie. And indeed, Allah is certainly Most Pardoning, Most Forgiving. And those who declare zihar to their wives, then wish to go back on what they said, must free a slave before they touch one another. This is the admonition with which you are advised, and Allah is fully aware of what you do. But whoever does not find (a slave to free), then he must fast two consecutive months before they touch one another. And whoever is unable to do so, then he must feed sixty needy people. This is so that you may believe in Allah and His Messenger. And these are the limits set by Allah, and for the disbelievers there is a painful punishment.
In these verses, the ruling of zihar and its expiation is mentioned. Zihar is when a husband says to his wife: "Anti ‘alayya ka-zahri ummi" (You are to me like the back of my mother). In the time of ignorance (Jahiliyyah), zihar was considered as divorce. Sayyidah Khawlah radi Allahu anha became extremely distressed for this very reason, as no ruling had yet been revealed regarding it. Therefore, when she came to the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, he also paused regarding it, and she continued to argue and dispute with him sallallahu alayhi wa sallam. Eventually, these verses were revealed, in which the matter was clarified.
Surely Allah has heard the statement of the woman who was disputing with you concerning her husband and was complaining to Allah, and Allah was hearing the conversation of you both. Indeed, Allah is All-Hearing, All-Seeing. Those among you who declare zihar to their wives—they are not their mothers; their mothers are none but those who gave birth to them. And indeed, they surely utter a reprehensible statement and a lie. And indeed, Allah is certainly Most Pardoning, Most Forgiving. And those who declare zihar to their wives, then wish to go back on what they said, must free a slave before they touch one another. This is the admonition with which you are advised, and Allah is fully aware of what you do. But whoever does not find (a slave to free), then he must fast two consecutive months before they touch one another. And whoever is unable to do so, then he must feed sixty needy people. This is so that you may believe in Allah and His Messenger. And these are the limits set by Allah, and for the disbelievers there is a painful punishment.
In these verses, the ruling of zihar and its expiation is mentioned. Zihar is when a husband says to his wife: "Anti ‘alayya ka-zahri ummi" (You are to me like the back of my mother). In the time of ignorance (Jahiliyyah), zihar was considered as divorce. Sayyidah Khawlah radi Allahu anha became extremely distressed for this very reason, as no ruling had yet been revealed regarding it. Therefore, when she came to the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, he also paused regarding it, and she continued to argue and dispute with him sallallahu alayhi wa sallam. Eventually, these verses were revealed, in which the matter was clarified.
