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الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
تفسير من سورة محمد إلى سورة التحريمInterpretation from Surah Muhammad to Surah At-Tahrim
بَابُ: «وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا »Chapter: "And if two groups among the believers fight"
Hadith 8761
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَابِقٍ ثَنَا عِيسَى بْنُ دِينَارٍ ثَنَا أَبِي أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ الْحَارِثَ بْنَ أَبِي ضِرَارٍ الْخُزَاعِيَّ قَالَ قَدِمْتُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَدَعَانِي إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ فَدَخَلْتُ فِيهِ وَأَقْرَرْتُ بِهِ فَدَعَانِي إِلَى الزَّكَاةِ فَأَقْرَرْتُ بِهَا وَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَرْجِعُ إِلَى قَوْمِي فَأَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ وَأَدْعُو إِلَى الزَّكَاةِ فَمَنِ اسْتَجَابَ لِي جَمَعْتُ زَكَاتَهُ فَيُرْسِلُ إِلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَسُولًا لِإِبَّانِ كَذَا وَكَذَا لِيَأْتِيَكَ مَا جَمَعْتُ مِنَ الزَّكَاةِ فَلَمَّا جَمَعَ الْحَارِثُ الزَّكَاةَ مِمَّنِ اسْتَجَابَ لَهُ وَبَلَغَ الْإِبَّانَ الَّذِي أَرَادَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ يُبْعَثَ إِلَيْهِ احْتَبَسَ عَلَيْهِ الرَّسُولُ فَلَمْ يَأْتِهِ فَظَنَّ الْحَارِثُ أَنَّهُ قَدْ حَدَثَ فِيهِ سَخْطَةٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَرَسُولِهِ فَدَعَا بِسَرَوَاتِ قَوْمِهِ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ وَقَّتَ لِي وَقْتًا يُرْسِلُ إِلَيَّ رَسُولَهُ لِيَقْبِضَ مَا كَانَ عِنْدِي مِنَ الزَّكَاةِ وَلَيْسَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْخُلْفُ وَلَا أَرَى حَبْسَ رَسُولِهِ إِلَّا مِنْ سَخْطَةٍ كَانَتْ فَانْطَلِقُوا فَنَأْتِيَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَبَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْوَلِيدَ بْنَ عُقْبَةَ إِلَى الْحَارِثِ لِيَقْبِضَ مَا كَانَ عِنْدَهُ مِمَّا جَمَعَ مِنَ الزَّكَاةِ فَلَمَّا أَنْ سَارَ الْوَلِيدُ حَتَّى بَلَغَ بَعْضَ الطَّرِيقِ فَرِقَ فَرَجَعَ فَأَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ الْحَارِثَ مَنَعَنِي الزَّكَاةَ وَأَرَادَ قَتْلِي فَضَرَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْبَعْثَ إِلَى الْحَارِثِ فَأَقْبَلَ الْحَارِثُ بِأَصْحَابِهِ إِذِ اسْتَقْبَلَ الْبَعْثَ وَفَصَلَ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ لَقِيَهُمُ الْحَارِثُ فَقَالُوا هَذَا الْحَارِثُ فَلَمَّا غَشِيَهُمْ قَالَ لَهُمْ إِلَى مَنْ بُعِثْتُمْ قَالُوا إِلَيْكَ قَالَ وَلِمَ قَالُوا إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ بَعَثَ إِلَيْكَ الْوَلِيدَ بْنَ عُقْبَةَ فَزَعَمَ أَنَّكَ مَنَعْتَهُ الزَّكَاةَ وَأَرَدْتَ قَتْلَهُ قَالَ لَا وَالَّذِي بَعَثَ مُحَمَّدًا بِالْحَقِّ مَا رَأَيْتُهُ بَتَّةً وَلَا أَتَانِي فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ الْحَارِثُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ مَنَعْتَ الزَّكَاةَ وَأَرَدْتَ قَتْلَ رَسُولِي قَالَ لَا وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ مَا رَأَيْتُهُ وَلَا أَتَانِي وَمَا أَقْبَلْتُ إِلَّا حِينَ احْتَبَسَ عَلَيَّ رَسُولُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَشِيتُ أَنْ تَكُونَ كَانَتْ سَخْطَةً مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَرَسُولِهِ قَالَ فَنَزَلَتِ الْحُجُرَاتُ يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنْ جَاءَكُمْ فَاسِقٌ بِنَبَإٍ فَتَبَيَّنُوا أَنْ تُصِيبُوا قَوْمًا بِجَهَالَةٍ فَتُصْبِحُوا عَلَى مَا فَعَلْتُمْ نَادِمِينَ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى فَضْلًا مِنَ اللَّهِ وَنِعْمَةً وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ [الحجرات: 6-8]
Narrated from Sayyiduna Harith bin Dirar Khuzai (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: I came to the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and he invited me to Islam, so I entered the fold of Islam. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) invited me to pay Zakat, and I accepted that as well. I said: O Messenger of Allah! I will return to my people and invite them to Islam and command them to pay Zakat. Whoever accepts my word, I will collect his Zakat and keep it with me. Then, after some time, send your representative to me so that he may bring the Zakat I have collected to you. When Sayyiduna Harith (may Allah be pleased with him) and those who accepted his word had collected the Zakat, and the appointed time had passed in which the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had intended to send a representative, that representative was delayed for some reason and could not go. Meanwhile, Sayyiduna Harith (may Allah be pleased with him) thought that perhaps some displeasure had arisen with Allah and His Messenger regarding him. So he gathered the prominent people of his tribe and said to them: The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had told me that he would send a representative to me within this period to collect the Zakat from me, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) never breaks his promise. The reason for the delay, in my opinion, is that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) is displeased. Let us go to the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) (so that we may find out the reason). Meanwhile, the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), as promised, had sent Walid bin Uqbah as a representative to Harith so that he could bring the Zakat wealth collected with him. When Walid set out, he became afraid on the way and returned, and came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: O Messenger of Allah! Harith has refused to give me Zakat and has tried to kill me. The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent a military detachment towards Harith bin Dirar (may Allah be pleased with him). On the other side, Harith (may Allah be pleased with him) was coming with his companions. When they encountered the detachment, which had already left Madinah, they said: This is Harith. When they came near, Harith (may Allah be pleased with him) asked the members of the detachment: Where have you been sent? They said: To you. He asked: Why? They said: The reason is that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent Walid bin Uqbah to you, but according to him, you did not give him Zakat and then tried to kill him. Harith (may Allah be pleased with him) said: No, by the One Who sent Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) with the truth, I have not even seen him, nor did he come to me. Then when Harith (may Allah be pleased with him) came to the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), he (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: You withheld Zakat and tried to kill my representative. Harith (may Allah be pleased with him) said: No, by the One Who sent you with the truth, I have not even seen him, nor did he come to me. I only came when I saw that the representative of the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did not come and was delayed, so I became afraid that perhaps Allah or the Messenger of Allah had become displeased with me. So these verses were revealed: {یَا أَ یُّہَا الَّذِینَ آمَنُوْا إِنْ جَائَ کُمْ فَاسِقٌ بِنَبَإٍ فَتَبَیَّنُوْا … … وَاللّٰہُ عَلِیْمٌ حَکِیْمٌ۔}
Brief Explanation
Benefits: … These were a total of three verses, which are as follows: {یَا أَ یُّہَا الَّذِینَ آمَنُوْا إِنْ جَائَ کُمْ فَاسِقٌ بِنَبَإٍ فَتَبَیَّنُوْا أَ نْ تُصِیبُوْا قَوْمًا بِجَہَالَۃٍ فَتُصْبِحُوا عَلٰی مَا فَعَلْتُمْ نَادِمِیْنَ۔ وَاعْلَمُوْٓا اَنَّ فِیْکُمْ رَسُوْلَ اللّٰہِ لَوْ یُطِیْعُکُمْ فِیْ کَثِیْرٍ مِّنَ الْاَمْرِ لَعَنِتُّمْ وَلٰکِنَّ اللّٰہَ حَبَّبَ اِلَیْکُمُ الْاِیْمَانَ وَزَیَّنَۃُ فِیْ قُلُوْبِکُمْ وَکَرَّہَ اِلَیْکُمُ الْکُفْرَ وَالْفُسُوْقَ وَالْعِصْیَانَ اُولٰیِکَ ہُمُ الرّٰشِدُوْنَ۔ فَضْلًا مِّنَ اللّٰہِ وَنِعْمَۃً وَاللّٰہُ عَلِیْمٌ حَکِیْمٌ}
(Surah al-Hujurat: 6, 7, 8)
O you who have believed! If a transgressor (fasiq) comes to you with any news, verify it carefully, lest you harm a people out of ignorance and then become regretful for what you have done. And know that indeed among you is the Messenger of Allah; if he were to obey you in many matters, you would surely fall into hardship, but Allah has made faith beloved to you and has adorned it in your hearts, and He has made disbelief, sin, and disobedience hateful to you. Those are the rightly guided. [This is] a bounty and favor from Allah, and Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.
Allah Ta‘ala commands that one should not trust the report of a transgressor (fasiq) until the actual event is clearly known through complete investigation and inquiry. Do not take any action; it is possible that a transgressor may have said something false or made a mistake himself, and if you act upon his report, then in reality you are following him, and following corrupt (mufsid) people is forbidden. Using this very verse as evidence, some noble hadith scholars (muhaddithin kiram) have also considered the narration of a person whose condition is unknown to be unreliable, because it is quite possible that this person is in fact a transgressor (fasiq). A Muslim should always keep truthfulness and sincerity in view, speak the truth, and listen only to truthful statements in accordance with the principles of the Shari‘ah.
(Surah al-Hujurat: 6, 7, 8)
O you who have believed! If a transgressor (fasiq) comes to you with any news, verify it carefully, lest you harm a people out of ignorance and then become regretful for what you have done. And know that indeed among you is the Messenger of Allah; if he were to obey you in many matters, you would surely fall into hardship, but Allah has made faith beloved to you and has adorned it in your hearts, and He has made disbelief, sin, and disobedience hateful to you. Those are the rightly guided. [This is] a bounty and favor from Allah, and Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.
Allah Ta‘ala commands that one should not trust the report of a transgressor (fasiq) until the actual event is clearly known through complete investigation and inquiry. Do not take any action; it is possible that a transgressor may have said something false or made a mistake himself, and if you act upon his report, then in reality you are following him, and following corrupt (mufsid) people is forbidden. Using this very verse as evidence, some noble hadith scholars (muhaddithin kiram) have also considered the narration of a person whose condition is unknown to be unreliable, because it is quite possible that this person is in fact a transgressor (fasiq). A Muslim should always keep truthfulness and sincerity in view, speak the truth, and listen only to truthful statements in accordance with the principles of the Shari‘ah.
