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الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
تفسير من سورة القصص إلى سورة الأحقافInterpretation from Surah Al-Qasas to Surah Al-Ahqaf
بَابُ: «وَلا تَنْفَعُ الشَّفَاعَةُ عِنْدَهُ إِلَّا لِمَنْ أَذِنَ لَهُ»Chapter: "And intercession will not benefit with Him except for one whom He permits"
Hadith 8725
اُردوEn
عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّ رَجُلًا سَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ سَبَأٍ مَا هُوَ أَرَجُلٌ أَمْ امْرَأَةٌ أَمْ أَرْضٌ فَقَالَ ((بَلْ هُوَ رَجُلٌ وَلَدَ عَشَرَةً فَسَكَنَ الْيَمَنَ مِنْهُمْ سِتَّةٌ وَبِالشَّامِ مِنْهُمْ أَرْبَعَةٌ فَأَمَّا الْيَمَانِيُّونَ فَمَذْحِجٌ وَكِنْدَةٌ وَالْأَزْدُ وَالْأَشْعَرِيُّونَ وَأَنْمَارٌ وَحِمْيَرُ عَرَبًا كُلُّهَا وَأَمَّا الشَّامِيَّةُ فَلَخْمٌ وَجُذَامُ وَعَامِلَةُ وَغَسَّانُ))
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that a man asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) about Saba: was it a man, a woman, or the name of a land? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) replied: He was a man, he had ten children, of whom six settled in Yemen and four in Syria. The Yemenis are: Madhhij, Kindah, Azd, Ash'ari, Anmar, and Himyar; all of these were Arabs. And the Syrians are: Lakhm, Juzam, Amilah, and Ghassan.
Brief Explanation
Benefits: … The meaning of “ten children” is that these ten men are all from the descendants of Saba; some are his sons, some grandsons, great-grandsons, and so on. In the following verse of Surah Saba, Saba is mentioned: {لَقَدْ کَانَ لِسَـبَاٍ فِیْ مَسْکَنِہِمْ اٰیَۃٌ جَنَّتٰنِ عَنْ یَّمِیْنٍ وَّ شِمَالٍ کُلُوْا مِنْ رِّزْقِ رَبِّکُمْ وَاشْکُرُوْا لَہ بَلْدَۃٌ طَیِّبَۃٌ وَّرَبٌّ غَفُوْرٌ۔} (Surah Saba: 15) “Indeed, there was for [the tribe of] Saba in their dwelling place a sign: two gardens on the right and on the left. [They were told:] ‘Eat from the provision of your Lord and be grateful to Him. A good land [have you], and a forgiving Lord.’”
Hafiz Ibn Kathir rahimahullah said: The people of Saba lived in Yemen; Tubba‘ was also from among them, and Bilqis was also from them. They were blessed with great bounties and comforts, living their lives in peace. Messengers of Allah came to them and urged them to be grateful, called them to the oneness of their Lord, and taught them the way of His worship. For some time, they remained in this state, but then, when they became rebellious and turned away, neglecting the commands of Allah with indifference, a mighty flood came upon them, and their entire land, gardens, and fields were ravaged and destroyed.
After mentioning some narrations, Hafiz sahib further says: The excellence of their climate, health, temperament, and moderation was such a divine favor that there were not even flies, mosquitoes, or poisonous creatures among them. This was so that they would affirm the oneness of Allah and worship Him with sincerity and devotion. This was the sign from Allah mentioned in these verses: a settlement established between two mountains, with lush, fruit-bearing gardens and green fields on both sides of the settlement. Allah, the Exalted, had commanded them to eat and drink from the provisions given by their Lord and to remain engaged in gratitude to Him. But they forgot the oneness of Allah and gratitude for His blessings, and began worshipping the sun.
As the hoopoe (hudhud) informed Sulayman alayhis-salam: {وَجِئْتُکَ مِنْ سَبَاٍ بِنَبَاٍ یَّقِیْنٍ۔} “…I have come to you from Saba with sure news.” (Surah Naml: 22) A woman was ruling over them who possessed everything; she was established on a magnificent throne of sovereignty. Both the queen and her subjects were sun worshippers. Shaytan had led them astray, and they had gone far off the right path. It is narrated that twelve or thirteen prophets came to them. Eventually, the consequences of their deeds caught up with them: the wall they had built was hollowed out from within by mice, and during the rainy season, it collapsed. Floodwaters from rivers, springs, rain, and streams all came together; their settlements, palaces, gardens, and fields were all destroyed and ruined. They were left wringing their hands, and no strategy proved effective. Then such devastation befell them that no fruit-bearing tree would grow on that land; only pilu, tamarisk, acacia, babool, and other such fruitless, tasteless, and useless trees would grow. Yes, a few berry (ber) trees did grow, which were relatively more useful than the other trees, but even those were very thorny and bore very little fruit.
This was the recompense for their rebellion, arrogance, and ingratitude in disbelief and polytheism: they lost their blessings and were afflicted with calamities. Such severe punishments are given to disbelievers and those like them. Abu Khayrah says: The consequence of sins is that one becomes lazy in worship, faces hardship in livelihood, and finds bitterness in pleasures—that is, whenever they tasted any comfort, immediately some hardship would befall them, and all enjoyment would be ruined.
Hafiz Ibn Kathir rahimahullah said: The people of Saba lived in Yemen; Tubba‘ was also from among them, and Bilqis was also from them. They were blessed with great bounties and comforts, living their lives in peace. Messengers of Allah came to them and urged them to be grateful, called them to the oneness of their Lord, and taught them the way of His worship. For some time, they remained in this state, but then, when they became rebellious and turned away, neglecting the commands of Allah with indifference, a mighty flood came upon them, and their entire land, gardens, and fields were ravaged and destroyed.
After mentioning some narrations, Hafiz sahib further says: The excellence of their climate, health, temperament, and moderation was such a divine favor that there were not even flies, mosquitoes, or poisonous creatures among them. This was so that they would affirm the oneness of Allah and worship Him with sincerity and devotion. This was the sign from Allah mentioned in these verses: a settlement established between two mountains, with lush, fruit-bearing gardens and green fields on both sides of the settlement. Allah, the Exalted, had commanded them to eat and drink from the provisions given by their Lord and to remain engaged in gratitude to Him. But they forgot the oneness of Allah and gratitude for His blessings, and began worshipping the sun.
As the hoopoe (hudhud) informed Sulayman alayhis-salam: {وَجِئْتُکَ مِنْ سَبَاٍ بِنَبَاٍ یَّقِیْنٍ۔} “…I have come to you from Saba with sure news.” (Surah Naml: 22) A woman was ruling over them who possessed everything; she was established on a magnificent throne of sovereignty. Both the queen and her subjects were sun worshippers. Shaytan had led them astray, and they had gone far off the right path. It is narrated that twelve or thirteen prophets came to them. Eventually, the consequences of their deeds caught up with them: the wall they had built was hollowed out from within by mice, and during the rainy season, it collapsed. Floodwaters from rivers, springs, rain, and streams all came together; their settlements, palaces, gardens, and fields were all destroyed and ruined. They were left wringing their hands, and no strategy proved effective. Then such devastation befell them that no fruit-bearing tree would grow on that land; only pilu, tamarisk, acacia, babool, and other such fruitless, tasteless, and useless trees would grow. Yes, a few berry (ber) trees did grow, which were relatively more useful than the other trees, but even those were very thorny and bore very little fruit.
This was the recompense for their rebellion, arrogance, and ingratitude in disbelief and polytheism: they lost their blessings and were afflicted with calamities. Such severe punishments are given to disbelievers and those like them. Abu Khayrah says: The consequence of sins is that one becomes lazy in worship, faces hardship in livelihood, and finds bitterness in pleasures—that is, whenever they tasted any comfort, immediately some hardship would befall them, and all enjoyment would be ruined.
