It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was forbidden from marrying certain types of women; he could only marry believing women who had migrated. Then the command came: { لَایَحِلُّلَکَالنِّسَائُمِنْبَعْدُوَلَاأَنْتَبَدَّلَبِہِنَّمِنْأَزْوَاجٍوَلَوْأَعْجَبَکَحُسْنُہُنَّإِلَّامَامَلَکَتْیَمِینُکَ} … After this, women are not lawful for you, nor is it for you to exchange them for other wives, even if their beauty pleases you, except those whom your right hand possesses. Thus, Allah made believing slave women lawful and also made lawful that believing woman who offers herself to the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). And Allah made every woman of a religion other than Islam unlawful for the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: {یٰٓاَیُّہَاالنَّبِیُّاِنَّآاَحْلَلْنَالَکَاَزْوَاجَکَالّٰتِیْٓاٰتَیْتَاُجُوْرَہُنَّوَمَامَلَکَتْیَمِیْنُکَمِمَّآاَفَائَاللّٰہُعَلَیْکَوَبَنٰتِعَمِّکَوَبَنٰتِعَمّٰتِکَوَبَنٰتِخَالِکَوَبَنٰتِخٰلٰتِکَالّٰتِیْہَاجَرْنَمَعَکَْوَامْرَاَۃًمُّؤْمِنَۃًاِنْوَّہَبَتْنَفْسَہَالِلنَّبِیِّاِنْاَرَادَالنَّبِیُّاَنْیَّسْتَنْکِحَہَا ٓ خَالِصَۃًلَّکَمِنْدُوْنِالْمُؤْمِنِیْنَ} … O Prophet! Indeed, We have made lawful to you your wives to whom you have given their dowries and those whom your right hand possesses from what Allah has returned to you as spoils, and the daughters of your paternal uncles and the daughters of your paternal aunts and the daughters of your maternal uncles and the daughters of your maternal aunts who migrated with you, and any believing woman if she offers herself to the Prophet, if the Prophet wishes to marry her. This is exclusively for you, not for the believers. Indeed, We know what We have enjoined upon them concerning their wives and those whom their right hands possess, so that there will be no difficulty upon you. And Allah is ever Forgiving, Most Merciful.
Hadith Referenceالفتح الربانی / تفسير من سورة القصص إلى سورة الأحقاف / 8714
Hadith Gradingمحدثین:ضعیف
Hadith Takhrij«اسناده ضعيف ۔ أخرجه الترمذي: 3215 ، (انظر مسند أحمد ترقيم الرسالة: 2922 ترقیم بيت الأفكار الدولية: 2922»
Brief Explanation
Benefits: … When, after the revelation of the verse of choice (Ayat al-Takhyir), the pure wives (azwaj mutahharat) chose to remain with the Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam in hardship and straitened circumstances rather than the comforts and luxuries of the world, Allah Ta'ala rewarded them with this: { لَایَحِلُّلَکَالنِّسَائُمِنْبَعْدُوَلَاأَنْتَبَدَّلَبِہِنَّمِنْأَزْوَاجٍوَلَوْأَعْجَبَکَحُسْنُہُنَّإِلَّامَامَلَکَتْیَمِینُکَ} … "It is not lawful for you (O Prophet) to marry more women after this, nor to exchange them for other wives, even if their beauty pleases you, except those whom your right hand possesses."
At that time, there were nine (9) wives in the marriage of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam. Allah Ta'ala, as a reward to them, forbade the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam from marrying other women or divorcing any of them to marry someone else in her place. Later, Allah Ta'ala granted the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam the permission to marry more women, as is evident from hadith number (8718), but the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam did not practically contract any further marriages.
A woman gifting herself (in marriage) to someone, and that person marrying her himself or having someone else marry her to him, this was a unique characteristic (khasiyyah) of the Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, and it is not the right of any caliph or member of the ummah.