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الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
تفسير من سورة القصص إلى سورة الأحقافInterpretation from Surah Al-Qasas to Surah Al-Ahqaf
بَابُ: «إِنَّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَالْمُسْلِمَاتِ وَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ...»Chapter: "Indeed, the Muslim men and Muslim women, the believing men and believing women..."
Hadith 8710
اُردوEn
عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي مَنْ سَمِعَ أُمَّ سَلَمَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا تَذْكُرُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ فِي بَيْتِهَا فَأَتَتْهُ فَاطِمَةُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا بِبُرْمَةٍ فِيهَا خَزِيرَةٌ فَدَخَلَتْ بِهَا عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ لَهَا ادْعِي زَوْجَكِ وَابْنَيْكِ قَالَتْ فَجَاءَ عَلِيٌّ وَالْحُسَيْنُ وَالْحَسَنُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ فَدَخَلُوا عَلَيْهِ فَجَلَسُوا يَأْكُلُونَ مِنْ تِلْكَ الْخَزِيرَةِ وَهُوَ عَلَى مَنَامَةٍ لَهُ عَلَى دُكَّانٍ تَحْتَهُ كِسَاءٌ لَهُ خَيْبَرِيٌّ قَالَتْ وَأَنَا أُصَلِّي فِي الْحُجْرَةِ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ لِيُذْهِبَ عَنْكُمُ الرِّجْسَ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ وَيُطَهِّرَكُمْ تَطْهِيرًا [سورة الأحزاب: ٣٣] قَالَتْ فَأَخَذَ فَضْلَ الْكِسَاءِ فَغَشَّاهُمْ بِهِ ثُمَّ أَخْرَجَ يَدَهُ فَأَلْوَى بِهَا إِلَى السَّمَاءِ ثُمَّ قَالَ اللَّهُمَّ هَؤُلَاءِ أَهْلُ بَيْتِي وَخَاصَّتِي فَأَذْهِبْ عَنْهُمُ الرِّجْسَ وَطَهِّرْهُمْ تَطْهِيرًا اللَّهُمَّ هَؤُلَاءِ أَهْلُ بَيْتِي وَخَاصَّتِي فَأَذْهِبْ عَنْهُمُ الرِّجْسَ وَطَهِّرْهُمْ تَطْهِيرًا قَالَتْ فَأَدْخَلْتُ رَأْسِي الْبَيْتَ فَقُلْتُ وَأَنَا مَعَكُمْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ إِنَّكِ إِلَى خَيْرٍ إِنَّكِ إِلَى خَيْرٍ قَالَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ وَحَدَّثَنِي أَبُو لَيْلَى عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ مِثْلَ حَدِيثِ عَطَاءٍ سَوَاءً قَالَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ وَحَدَّثَنِي دَاوُدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَوْفٍ أَبُو الْحَجَّافِ عَنْ شَهْرِ بْنِ حَوْشَبٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ بِمِثْلِهِ سَوَاءً
It is narrated from Sayyida Umm Salama (may Allah be pleased with her), she says: The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) was present in my house, when Sayyida Fatima (may Allah be pleased with her) came carrying a pot in which there was khazira (a dish made from minced meat and flour). When she entered upon the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), he said: Call your husband and your two sons and bring them here. In the meantime, Sayyiduna Ali, Sayyiduna Hasan, and Sayyiduna Husayn (may Allah be pleased with them) came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) and they all began to eat the khazira. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) was in a place resembling a small room, which was his sleeping place, and a sheet made in Khaybar was spread underneath. Sayyida Umm Salama (may Allah be pleased with her) says: I was praying in the chamber, and at that time Allah the Exalted revealed this verse: {إِنَّمَا یُرِیدُ اللّٰہُ لِیُذْہِبَ عَنْکُمُ الرِّجْسَ أَ ہْلَ الْبَیْتِ وَیُطَہِّرَکُمْ تَطْہِیرًا} Allah only intends to remove impurity from you, O People of the House, and to purify you completely. After this, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) took a part of the extra sheet and covered them, then raised his hand towards the sky and said: O my Allah! These are my family and my special ones, so remove impurity from them and purify them. O my Allah! These are my family and my special ones, so remove impurity from them and purify them. Umm Salama (may Allah be pleased with her) says that I put my head inside that sheet and said: O Messenger of Allah! Am I also included with you? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: Indeed, you are upon goodness, without doubt you are upon goodness.
Brief Explanation
Benefits: … Understand the context of the aforementioned verse through the following verses: {یٰنِسَاء َ النَّبِیِّ لَسْتُنَّ کَاَحَدٍ مِّنَ النِّسَاء ِ اِنِ اتَّقَیْتُنَّ فَلَا تَخْـضَعْنَ بِالْقَوْلِ فَیَطْمَعَ الَّذِیْ فِیْ قَلْبِہٖمَرَضٌوَّقُلْنَقَوْلًامَّعْرُوْفًا۔وَقَرْنَفِیْ بُیُوْتِکُنَّ وَلَا تَبَرَّجْنَ تَبَرُّجَ الْجَاہِلِیَّۃِ الْاُوْلٰی وَاَقِمْنَ الصَّلٰوۃَ وَاٰتِیْنَ الزَّکٰوۃَ وَاَطِعْنَ اللّٰہَ وَرَسُوْلَہ اِنَّمَا یُرِیْدُ اللّٰہُ لِیُذْہِبَ عَنْکُمُ الرِّجْسَ اَہْلَ الْبَیْتِ وَیُطَہِّرَکُمْ تَطْہِیْرًا۔ وَاذْکُرْنَ مَا یُتْلٰی فِیْ بُیُوْتِکُنَّ مِنْ اٰیٰتِ اللّٰہِ وَالْحِکْمَۃِ اِنَّ اللّٰہَ کَانَ لَطِیْفًا خَبِیْرًا۔} (Surah al-Ahzab: 32, 33, 34)
O wives of the Prophet! You are not like any other women, if you keep your duty (taqwa). So do not be soft in speech, lest he in whose heart is a disease should covet, but speak a proper word. And stay in your houses and do not display yourselves as was the display of the former times of ignorance. And establish prayer and give zakat and obey Allah and His Messenger. Allah only wishes to remove impurity from you, O people of the household, and to purify you with a thorough purification. And remember what is recited in your houses of the verses of Allah and wisdom. Surely, Allah is ever Subtle, All-Aware.
In these verses, Allah Ta'ala has addressed the wives of the Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, that is, the Mothers of the Believers (ummahat al-mu'minin). In any case, who are meant by Ahl al-Bayt? There is some difference of opinion regarding its determination. Some have taken the purified wives to be meant, as is clear from the context of the Qur'an here; the Qur'an has called the Mothers of the Believers themselves Ahl al-Bayt here. In other places in the Qur'an as well, the wife has been called Ahl al-Bayt. One such instance is as follows: When the angels gave Ibrahim alayhis salam the glad tidings of the birth of Ishaq alayhis salam in old age, the astonishment expressed by his wife at that time was described by Allah Ta'ala in this manner, and her response was also given: {قَالَتْ یٰوَیْلَتٰٓی ئَ اَلِدُ وَاَنَا عَجُوْزٌ وَّھٰذَا بَعْلِیْ شَیْخًا اِنَّ ھٰذَا لَشَیْئٌ عَجِیْبٌ۔ قَالُوْٓا اَتَعْجَبِیْنَ مِنْ اَمْرِ اللّٰہِ رَحْمَتُ اللّٰہِ وَبَرَکٰتُہ عَلَیْکُمْ اَہْلَ الْبَیْتِ اِنَّہ حَمِیْدٌمَّجِیْدٌ۔} (Surah Hud: 72, 73)
She said, "Woe to me! Shall I bear a child when I am an old woman and this my husband is an old man? Indeed, this is a strange thing." They said, "Do you wonder at Allah's command? The mercy of Allah and His blessings be upon you, O people of the household! Surely, He is Praiseworthy, Glorious."
Therefore, the being of the purified wives of the Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam as Ahl al-Bayt has become clear from the explicit text of the Qur'an.
However, some individuals, based on certain hadiths, consider the only referents of Ahl al-Bayt to be Sayyiduna Ali, Sayyida Fatima, Sayyiduna Hasan, and Sayyiduna Husayn, as is established from the aforementioned hadith.
Nevertheless, the path of moderation and the middle position is that both are Ahl al-Bayt: the Mothers of the Believers due to the explicit text of the Qur'an, and his sallallahu alayhi wa sallam son-in-law and children due to these hadiths. This verse was in fact revealed regarding the purified wives, but from the aforementioned blessed hadith it is established that the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam included the other four personalities in its meaning as well. And Allah knows best what is correct.
O wives of the Prophet! You are not like any other women, if you keep your duty (taqwa). So do not be soft in speech, lest he in whose heart is a disease should covet, but speak a proper word. And stay in your houses and do not display yourselves as was the display of the former times of ignorance. And establish prayer and give zakat and obey Allah and His Messenger. Allah only wishes to remove impurity from you, O people of the household, and to purify you with a thorough purification. And remember what is recited in your houses of the verses of Allah and wisdom. Surely, Allah is ever Subtle, All-Aware.
In these verses, Allah Ta'ala has addressed the wives of the Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, that is, the Mothers of the Believers (ummahat al-mu'minin). In any case, who are meant by Ahl al-Bayt? There is some difference of opinion regarding its determination. Some have taken the purified wives to be meant, as is clear from the context of the Qur'an here; the Qur'an has called the Mothers of the Believers themselves Ahl al-Bayt here. In other places in the Qur'an as well, the wife has been called Ahl al-Bayt. One such instance is as follows: When the angels gave Ibrahim alayhis salam the glad tidings of the birth of Ishaq alayhis salam in old age, the astonishment expressed by his wife at that time was described by Allah Ta'ala in this manner, and her response was also given: {قَالَتْ یٰوَیْلَتٰٓی ئَ اَلِدُ وَاَنَا عَجُوْزٌ وَّھٰذَا بَعْلِیْ شَیْخًا اِنَّ ھٰذَا لَشَیْئٌ عَجِیْبٌ۔ قَالُوْٓا اَتَعْجَبِیْنَ مِنْ اَمْرِ اللّٰہِ رَحْمَتُ اللّٰہِ وَبَرَکٰتُہ عَلَیْکُمْ اَہْلَ الْبَیْتِ اِنَّہ حَمِیْدٌمَّجِیْدٌ۔} (Surah Hud: 72, 73)
She said, "Woe to me! Shall I bear a child when I am an old woman and this my husband is an old man? Indeed, this is a strange thing." They said, "Do you wonder at Allah's command? The mercy of Allah and His blessings be upon you, O people of the household! Surely, He is Praiseworthy, Glorious."
Therefore, the being of the purified wives of the Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam as Ahl al-Bayt has become clear from the explicit text of the Qur'an.
However, some individuals, based on certain hadiths, consider the only referents of Ahl al-Bayt to be Sayyiduna Ali, Sayyida Fatima, Sayyiduna Hasan, and Sayyiduna Husayn, as is established from the aforementioned hadith.
Nevertheless, the path of moderation and the middle position is that both are Ahl al-Bayt: the Mothers of the Believers due to the explicit text of the Qur'an, and his sallallahu alayhi wa sallam son-in-law and children due to these hadiths. This verse was in fact revealed regarding the purified wives, but from the aforementioned blessed hadith it is established that the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam included the other four personalities in its meaning as well. And Allah knows best what is correct.
