الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
تفسير من سورة إبراهيم إلى سورة الشعراءInterpretation from Surah Ibrahim to Surah Ash-Shu'ara
بَابُ: «وَاذَ قَالَ مُوسَى لِفَتَاهُ » وَقِصَّةُ الْخَضِرِ مَعَ مُوسَىChapter: "And [mention] when Moses said to his boy" and the story of Khidr with Moses
Hadith 8667
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو عُثْمَانَ عَمْرُو بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ النَّاقِدُ ثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ عَنْ عَمْرٍو يَعْنِي ابْنَ دِينَارٍ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا إِنَّ نَوْفًا الشَّامِيَّ يَزْعُمُ أَوْ يَقُولُ لَيْسَ مُوسَى صَاحِبُ خَضِرٍ مُوسَى بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ قَالَ كَذَبَ نَوْفٌ عَدُوُّ اللَّهِ حَدَّثَنِي أُبَيُّ بْنُ كَعْبٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِنَّ مُوسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ قَامَ فِي بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ خَطِيبًا فَقَالُوا لَهُ مَنْ أَعْلَمُ النَّاسِ قَالَ أَنَا فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى إِلَيْهِ إِنَّ لِي عَبْدًا أَعْلَمَ مِنْكَ قَالَ رَبِّ فَأَرِنِيهِ قَالَ قِيلَ تَأْخُذُ حُوتًا فَتَجْعَلُهُ فِي مِكْتَلٍ فَحَيْثُمَا فَقَدْتَهُ فَهُوَ ثَمَّ قَالَ فَأَخَذَ حُوتًا فَجَعَلَهُ فِي مِكْتَلٍ وَجَعَلَ هُوَ وَصَاحِبُهُ يَمْشِيَانِ عَلَى السَّاحِلِ حَتَّى أَتَيَا الصَّخْرَةَ رَقَدَ مُوسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ وَاضْطَرَبَ الْحُوتُ فِي الْمِكْتَلِ فَوَقَعَ فِي الْبَحْرِ فَحَبَسَ اللَّهُ جِرْيَةَ الْمَاءِ فَاضْطَرَبَ الْمَاءُ فَاسْتَيْقَظَ مُوسَى فَقَالَ {لِفَتَاهُ آتِنَا غَدَاءَنَا لَقَدْ لَقِينَا مِنْ سَفَرِنَا هَذَا نَصَبًا} [الكهف: 62] وَلَمْ يُصِبِ النَّصَبَ حَتَّى جَاوَزَ الَّذِي أَمَرَهُ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى فَقَالَ {أَرَأَيْتَ إِذْ أَوَيْنَا إِلَى الصَّخْرَةِ فَإِنِّي نَسِيتُ الْحُوتَ وَمَا أَنْسَانِيهِ إِلَّا الشَّيْطَانُ} [الكهف: 63] {فَارْتَدَّا عَلَى آثَارِهِمَا قَصَصًا} [الكهف: 64] فَجَعَلَا يَقُصَّانِ آثَارَهُمَا {وَاتَّخَذَ سَبِيلَهُ فِي الْبَحْرِ سَرَبًا} [الكهف: 61] قَالَ أَمْسَكَ عَنْهُ جِرْيَةَ الْمَاءِ فَصَارَ عَلَيْهِ مِثْلُ الطَّاقِ فَكَانَ لِلْحُوتِ سَرَبًا وَكَانَ لِمُوسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ عَجَبًا حَتَّى انْتَهَيَا إِلَى الصَّخْرَةِ فَإِذَا رَجُلٌ مُسَجًّى عَلَيْهِ ثَوْبٌ فَسَلَّمَ مُوسَى عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ وَأَنَّى بِأَرْضِكَ السَّلَامُ قَالَ أَنَا مُوسَى قَالَ مُوسَى بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ قَالَ نَعَمْ {أَتَّبِعُكَ عَلَى أَنْ تُعَلِّمَنِ مِمَّا عُلِّمْتَ رُشْدًا} [الكهف: 66] قَالَ يَا مُوسَى إِنِّي عَلَى عِلْمٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى لَا تَعْلَمُهُ وَأَنْتَ عَلَى عِلْمٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى عَلَّمَكَهُ اللَّهُ فَانْطَلَقَا يَمْشِيَانِ عَلَى السَّاحِلِ فَمَرَّتْ سَفِينَةٌ فَعَرَفُوا الْخَضِرَ فَحُمِلَ بِغَيْرِ نَوْلٍ فَلَمْ يُعْجِبْهُ وَنَظَرَ فِي السَّفِينَةِ فَأَخَذَ الْقَدُّومَ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَكْسِرَ مِنْهَا لَوْحًا فَقَالَ حُمِلْنَا بِغَيْرِ نَوْلٍ وَتُرِيدُ أَنْ تَخْرِقَهَا لِتُغْرِقَ أَهْلَهَا {قَالَ أَلَمْ أَقُلْ إِنَّكَ لَنْ تَسْتَطِيعَ مَعِيَ صَبْرًا} [الكهف: 71] قَالَ إِنِّي نَسِيتُ وَجَاءَ عُصْفُورٌ فَنَقَرَ فِي الْبَحْرِ قَالَ الْخَضِرُ مَا يُنْقِصُ عِلْمِي وَلَا عِلْمَكَ مِنْ عِلْمِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى إِلَّا كَمَا يُنْقِصُ هَذَا الْعُصْفُورُ مِنْ هَذَا الْبَحْرِ {فَانْطَلَقَا حَتَّى إِذَا أَتَيَا أَهْلَ قَرْيَةٍ اسْتَطْعَمَا أَهْلَهَا فَأَبَوْا أَنْ يُضَيِّفُوهُمَا} [الكهف: 77] فَرَأَى غُلَامًا فَأَخَذَ رَأْسَهُ فَانْتَزَعَهُ فَقَالَ {أَقَتَلْتَ نَفْسًا زَكِيَّةً بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ لَقَدْ جِئْتَ شَيْئًا نُكْرًا} [الكهف: 74] {قَالَ أَلَمْ أَقُلْ لَكَ إِنَّكَ لَنْ تَسْتَطِيعَ مَعِيَ صَبْرًا} [الكهف: 75] قَالَ سُفْيَانُ قَالَ عَمْرٌو وَهَذِهِ أَشَدُّ مِنْ الْأُولَى قَالَ فَانْطَلَقَا فَإِذَا جِدَارٌ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَنْقَضَّ فَأَقَامَهُ أَرَانَا سُفْيَانُ بِيَدِهِ فَرَفَعَ يَدَهُ هَكَذَا رَفْعًا فَوَضَعَ رَاحَتَيْهِ فَرَفَعَهُمَا لِبَطْنِ كَفَّيْهِ رَفْعًا فَقَالَ {لَوْ شِئْتَ لَاتَّخَذْتَ عَلَيْهِ أَجْرًا} [الكهف: 77] {قَالَ هَذَا فِرَاقُ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنِكَ} [الكهف: 78] قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ كَانَتِ الْأَوْلَى نِسْيَانًا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَرْحَمُ اللَّهُ مُوسَى لَوْ كَانَ صَبَرَ حَتَّى يَقُصَّ عَلَيْنَا مِنْ أَمْرِهِ
Saeed bin Jubair says: I said to Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them): Nauf Shami thinks that the Musa who met Khidr was not the Musa of Bani Israel. He said: Allah’s enemy Nauf has lied. Sayyiduna Ubayy bin Ka’b (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated to me that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Indeed, Musa (peace be upon him) stood among Bani Israel to address them. The people asked him: Who is the most knowledgeable among the people? He said: I am. Thereupon, Allah revealed to him that one of My servants has more knowledge than you. He said: O my Lord! Then show him to me. He was told: Take a fish and put it in a basket; where you lose it, he will be there. So he took a fish and put it in a basket, and he and his companion started walking towards the shore, until they reached a rock. Musa (peace be upon him) slept there. The fish moved in the basket and jumped into the sea. Allah stopped the water at the place where the fish entered (and thus it appeared like a cave). When the water became agitated, Musa (peace be upon him) woke up (and after going further, said to his young companion): Bring our food, we have suffered much hardship from this journey. Musa (peace be upon him) felt tired after passing the place which Allah had commanded. The young man replied: Did you see? When we were resting by the rock, I forgot the fish there. In fact, Satan made me forget. So they returned, following their footsteps. They began to search for their footprints, and the fish had made its way into the river in a unique manner. And that was because Allah had stopped the flow of water, and the place looked like an arch. This was a unique thing for the fish and a strange thing for Musa (peace be upon him). Anyway, both of them finally reached that rock. Upon reaching the desired place, they saw a man who was covered with a cloth. Musa (peace be upon him) greeted him with salam. He replied: How has salam come to your land? He said: I am Musa (peace be upon him). Khidr (peace be upon him) said: Musa of Bani Israel? He said: Yes, I have come to follow you so that you may teach me some of the good knowledge you have been given. Khidr (peace be upon him) said: O Musa! Indeed, I have been given knowledge from Allah which you do not know, and you have been given knowledge from Him which I do not know. Then both of them walked along the shore (and Khidr, peace be upon him, made it a condition for Musa, peace be upon him, not to ask about what he did). A boat passed by; they recognized Khidr (peace be upon him), so they took him on board without any fare, but this did not please him. Then Khidr (peace be upon him) saw the boat and took an axe and wanted to break one of its planks. Musa (peace be upon him) said: These people took us on board without fare, and now you want to break the boat and drown all the passengers? He said: Did I not tell you that you would not be able to have patience with me? Musa (peace be upon him) said: Indeed, I forgot. Then a bird came and filled its beak from the sea. Khidr (peace be upon him) saw it and said: O Musa! My knowledge and your knowledge, compared to Allah’s knowledge, is only as much as this bird has taken from the sea. Then both of them went on until they came to a village and asked its people for food, but they flatly refused to host them. Khidr (peace be upon him) saw a boy there, caught him, and killed him. Musa (peace be upon him) said: Have you killed a pure soul for no soul in return? Indeed, you have done a terrible thing. He said: Did I not tell you that you would not be able to have patience with me? Amr, in his narration, said: This was a more severe act than the first. Then both of them went on. When Khidr (peace be upon him) saw a wall about to collapse, he set it straight. Sufyan, the narrator, described this by raising his hand, then placing his palms together, and then raising them from the inside of his palms. Musa (peace be upon him) said: If you wished, you could have taken a wage for it. He said: This is the separation between me and you. Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them) said: The first time, Musa (peace be upon him) forgot. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: May Allah have mercy on Musa (peace be upon him). If only he had been patient, so that he could have narrated more of his affairs to us.
