الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
تفسير من سورة النساء إلى سورة الأعرافInterpretation from Surah An-Nisa to Surah Al-A'raf
بَابُ: « يا أيُّهَا الرَّسُوْلُ لَا يَحْزُنُكَ الَّذِينَ يُسَارِعُونَ فِي الْكُفْرِ»Chapter: "O Messenger, let not those who hasten into disbelief grieve you"
Hadith 8583
اُردوEn
عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَنْزَلَ وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْكَافِرُونَ وَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ وَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ [سورة المائدة: ٤٤-٤٧] قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ أَنْزَلَهَا اللَّهُ فِي الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ وَكَانَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا قَدْ قَهَرَتِ الْأُخْرَى فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ حَتَّى ارْتَضَوْا وَاصْطَلَحُوا عَلَى أَنَّ كُلَّ قَتِيلٍ قَتَلَتْهُ الْعَزِيزَةُ مِنَ الذَّلِيلَةِ فَدِيَتُهُ خَمْسُونَ وَسْقًا وَكُلُّ قَتِيلٍ قَتَلَتْهُ الذَّلِيلَةُ مِنَ الْعَزِيزَةِ فَدِيَتُهُ مِائَةُ وَسْقٍ فَكَانُوا عَلَى ذَلِكَ حَتَّى قَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْمَدِينَةَ فَذَلَّتِ الطَّائِفَتَانِ كِلْتَاهُمَا لِمَقْدَمِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَيَوْمَئِذٍ لَمْ يَظْهَرْ وَلَمْ يُوَطِّئْهُمَا عَلَيْهِ وَهُوَ فِي الصُّلْحِ فَقَتَلَتِ الذَّلِيلَةُ مِنَ الْعَزِيزَةِ قَتِيلًا فَأَرْسَلَتِ الْعَزِيزَةُ إِلَى الذَّلِيلَةِ أَنِ ابْعَثُوا إِلَيْنَا بِمِائَةِ وَسْقٍ فَقَالَتِ الذَّلِيلَةُ وَهَلْ كَانَ هَذَا فِي حَيَّيْنِ قَطُّ دِينُهُمَا وَاحِدٌ وَنَسَبُهُمَا وَاحِدٌ وَبَلَدُهُمَا وَاحِدٌ دِيَةُ بَعْضِهِمْ نِصْفُ دِيَةِ بَعْضٍ إِنَّا إِنَّمَا أَعْطَيْنَاكُمْ هَذَا ضَيْمًا مِنْكُمْ لَنَا وَفَرَقًا مِنْكُمْ فَأَمَّا إِذْ قَدِمَ مُحَمَّدٌ فَلَا نُعْطِيكُمْ ذَلِكَ فَكَادَتِ الْحَرْبُ تَهِيجُ بَيْنَهُمَا ثُمَّ ارْتَضَوْا عَلَى أَنْ يَجْعَلُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَهُمْ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَتِ الْعَزِيزَةُ فَقَالَتْ وَاللَّهِ مَا مُحَمَّدٌ بِمُعْطِيكُمْ مِنْهُمْ ضِعْفَ مَا يُعْطِيهِمْ مِنْكُمْ وَلَقَدْ صَدَقُوا مَا أَعْطَوْنَا هَذَا إِلَّا ضَيْمًا مِنَّا وَقَهْرًا لَهُمْ فَدُسُّوا إِلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَنْ يُخْبِرُ لَكُمْ رَأْيَهُ إِنْ أَعْطَاكُمْ مَا تُرِيدُونَ حَكَّمْتُمُوهُ وَإِنْ لَمْ يُعْطِكُمْ حَذِرْتُمْ فَلَمْ تُحَكِّمُوهُ فَدَسُّوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَاسًا مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ لِيُخْبِرُوا لَهُمْ رَأْيَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَلَمَّا جَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَخْبَرَ اللَّهُ رَسُولَهُ بِأَمْرِهِمْ كُلِّهِ وَمَا أَرَادُوا فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَا أَيُّهَا الرَّسُولُ لَا يَحْزُنْكَ الَّذِينَ يُسَارِعُونَ فِي الْكُفْرِ مِنَ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا آمَنَّا إِلَى قَوْلِهِ وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ [سورة المائدة: ٤١-٤٧] ثُمَّ قَالَ فِيهِمَا وَاللَّهِ نَزَلَتْ وَإِيَّاهُمَا عَنَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) says: Allah Almighty revealed these verses: "And those who do not judge by what Allah has revealed, they are disbelievers," and, "they are wrongdoers," and, "they are transgressors." They said: Allah Almighty revealed these verses about two groups of Jews. One of them had overpowered the other during the time of ignorance, until they agreed and made peace on the condition that if a man from the noble tribe killed a man from the lowly tribe, the blood money would be fifty wasq, and if the lowly tribe killed a man from the noble tribe, the blood money would be one hundred (100) wasq. They remained on this agreement until the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came to Madinah. With his arrival, both tribes lost their status, although he had not yet prevailed over them, nor had he agreed with them, and it was still a time of peace and reconciliation with them. Meanwhile, the lowly tribe killed a man from the noble tribe. The noble tribe sent a message to the lowly tribe: "Pay one hundred wasq." The lowly tribe said: "Can it be that among tribes whose religion is one, lineage is one, and city is one, the blood money of one is half that of the other? We used to pay you (one hundred wasq) because of your oppression and tyranny, but now that Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) has come, we will not pay you." The flames of war were about to ignite between them when they agreed to accept the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) as the arbitrator. The heirs of the noble tribe said among themselves: "By Allah! Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) will not judge in your favor for double. The lowly tribe is right, for they used to pay us double because of our oppression and tyranny. Now, send someone as a spy to Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) who can inform you of his decision. If he decides according to your wishes, then accept him as the judge, and if not, then be cautious and do not accept him as the arbitrator." So they sent some hypocrites as spies to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). When they reached the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), Allah Almighty informed His Messenger of all their plots and intentions, and revealed these verses: "O Messenger! Do not grieve over those who hasten into disbelief, whether they are among those who say with their mouths, 'We believe,' but their hearts do not believe..." and, "Those who do not judge by what Allah has revealed, they are disbelievers." (Surah Al-Ma'idah: 41-44) Then he said: "By Allah! These verses were revealed about these two (groups), and Allah Almighty meant these people."
