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الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
تفسير من سورة النساء إلى سورة الأعرافInterpretation from Surah An-Nisa to Surah Al-A'raf
بَابُ :«يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِي الْكَلَالَةِ »Chapter: "They request from you a [legal] ruling. Say: Allah gives you a ruling concerning kalalah"
Hadith 8572
اُردوEn
عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ جَابِرًا رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ يَقُولُ مَرِضْتُ فَأَتَانِي النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَعُودُنِي هُوَ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ مَاشِيَيْنِ وَقَدْ أُغْمِيَ عَلَيَّ فَلَمْ أُكَلِّمْهُ فَتَوَضَّأَ فَصَبَّهُ عَلَيَّ فَأَفَقْتُ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَيْفَ أَصْنَعُ فِي مَالِي وَلِي أَخَوَاتٌ قَالَ فَنَزَلَتْ آيَةُ الْمِيرَاثِ يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِي الْكَلَالَةِ كَانَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَلَهُ أَخَوَاتٌ إِنِ امْرُؤٌ هَلَكَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَلَهُ أُخْتٌ [سورة النساء: ١٧٦]
Narrated from Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: I fell ill and the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) came on foot to visit me. I was unconscious, so I could not speak to you. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) performed ablution and poured water over me, which made me regain consciousness. I said: O Messenger of Allah! What should I do with my wealth, while my sisters are my heirs? Then this verse regarding inheritance was revealed {یَسْتَفْتُونَکَ قُلِ اللّٰہُ یُفْتِیکُمْ فِی الْکَلَالَۃِ} … People ask you for a legal verdict. Say: Allah gives you a verdict concerning kalalah. Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) had no children, only sisters, {إِنْ امْرُؤٌ ہَلَکَ لَیْسَ لَہُ وَلَدٌ وَلَہُ أُخْتٌ} … If a man dies and has no children and he has a sister.
(وَعَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ) قَالَ دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَنَا وَجِعٌ لَا أَعْقِلُ قَالَ فَتَوَضَّأَ ثُمَّ صَبَّ عَلَيَّ أَوْ قَالَ صُبُّوا عَلَيْهِ فَعَقَلْتُ فَقُلْتُ إِنَّهُ لَا يَرِثُنِي إِلَّا كَلَالَةٌ فَكَيْفَ الْمِيرَاثُ قَالَ فَنَزَلَتْ آيَةُ الْفَرْضِ
(Second chain) Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) says: The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came to me while I was in pain and unconscious. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) performed ablution and poured water over me, or he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Pour water over him." So I regained consciousness. I said: "My heirs are only kinsfolk (kalalah); in such a case, how will the inheritance be distributed?" Then the verse regarding inheritance was revealed.
Brief Explanation
Benefits: … By "kalalah" is meant the deceased who has neither parents nor children. It is derived from "aklil," which refers to something that surrounds the head from its sides, i.e., its edges. Kalalah is called so because, in terms of principles (asl, i.e., parents) and branches (far', i.e., children), he does not have an heir, but from the sides and peripheries, he is considered to have heirs, such as siblings and so on. In Surah An-Nisa, kalalah is mentioned in two places: verse number (12) and verse number (176). The former verse was revealed in the winter season, and the latter in the summer season.
