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الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
تفسير من سورة النساء إلى سورة الأعرافInterpretation from Surah An-Nisa to Surah Al-A'raf
بَابُ :«يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِي الْكَلَالَةِ »Chapter: "They request from you a [legal] ruling. Say: Allah gives you a ruling concerning kalalah"
Hadith 8572
اُردوEn
(وَعَنْهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ ثَانٍ) قَالَ دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَنَا وَجِعٌ لَا أَعْقِلُ قَالَ فَتَوَضَّأَ ثُمَّ صَبَّ عَلَيَّ أَوْ قَالَ صُبُّوا عَلَيْهِ فَعَقَلْتُ فَقُلْتُ إِنَّهُ لَا يَرِثُنِي إِلَّا كَلَالَةٌ فَكَيْفَ الْمِيرَاثُ قَالَ فَنَزَلَتْ آيَةُ الْفَرْضِ
(Second chain) Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) says: The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came to me while I was in pain and unconscious. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) performed ablution and poured water over me, or he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Pour water over him." So I regained consciousness. I said: "My heirs are only kinsfolk (kalalah); in such a case, how will the inheritance be distributed?" Then the verse regarding inheritance was revealed.
عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ جَابِرًا رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ يَقُولُ مَرِضْتُ فَأَتَانِي النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَعُودُنِي هُوَ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ مَاشِيَيْنِ وَقَدْ أُغْمِيَ عَلَيَّ فَلَمْ أُكَلِّمْهُ فَتَوَضَّأَ فَصَبَّهُ عَلَيَّ فَأَفَقْتُ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَيْفَ أَصْنَعُ فِي مَالِي وَلِي أَخَوَاتٌ قَالَ فَنَزَلَتْ آيَةُ الْمِيرَاثِ يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِي الْكَلَالَةِ كَانَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَلَهُ أَخَوَاتٌ إِنِ امْرُؤٌ هَلَكَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَلَهُ أُخْتٌ [سورة النساء: ١٧٦]
Narrated from Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: I fell ill and the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) came on foot to visit me. I was unconscious, so I could not speak to you. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) performed ablution and poured water over me, which made me regain consciousness. I said: O Messenger of Allah! What should I do with my wealth, while my sisters are my heirs? Then this verse regarding inheritance was revealed {یَسْتَفْتُونَکَ قُلِ اللّٰہُ یُفْتِیکُمْ فِی الْکَلَالَۃِ} … People ask you for a legal verdict. Say: Allah gives you a verdict concerning kalalah. Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) had no children, only sisters, {إِنْ امْرُؤٌ ہَلَکَ لَیْسَ لَہُ وَلَدٌ وَلَہُ أُخْتٌ} … If a man dies and has no children and he has a sister.
Brief Explanation
Benefits: … The complete verse is: {یَسْتَـفْتُوْنَکَ قُلِ اللّٰہُ یُفْتِیْکُمْ فِی الْکَلٰلَۃِ اِنِ امْرُؤٌا ہَلَکَ لَیْسَ لَہ وَلَدٌ وَّلَہٓ اُخْتٌ فَلَہَا نِصْفُ مَا تَرَکَ وَہُوَ یَرِثُہَآ اِنْ لَّمْ یَکُنْ لَّہَا وَلَدٌ فَاِنْ کَانَتَا اثْنَـتَیْنِ فَلَہُمَا الثُّلُثٰنِ مِمَّا تَرَکَ وَاِنْ کَانُوْٓا اِخْوَۃً رِّجَالًا وَّنِسَاء ً فَلِلذَّکَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْاُنْثَـیَیْنِیُـبَیِّنُ اللّٰہُ لَکُمْ اَنْ تَضِلُّوْا وَاللّٰہُ بِکُلِّ شَیْء ٍ عَلِیْمٌ۔} … They ask you for a legal ruling (fatwa); say, Allah gives you a ruling concerning kalalah: If a man dies and has no child, but he has a sister, then she will have half of what he left, and he (the brother) will inherit from her if she has no child. But if there are two sisters, then they will have two-thirds of what he left. And if there are brothers and sisters, men and women, then the male will have the share of two females. Allah makes clear to you (His law) lest you go astray, and Allah is Knowing of all things. In this verse, the mention is of the full and consanguine brothers of kalalah; in Surah al-Nisa, verse number (12), the mention is of the uterine brothers and sisters of kalalah.
