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الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
أبواب تفسير القرآن وفضائل السور والآيات حسب ترتيب النزولChapters on the Interpretation of the Qur'an and the Virtues of Surahs and Verses According to the Order of Revelation
بَابُ «اَتَجْعَلُ فِيها مَنْ يُفْسِدُ فِيهَا» وَقِصَّةِ هَارُوتَ وَمَارُوتَChapter on “Will You Place Therein One Who Will Cause Corruption Therein”—and the Story of Harut and Marut
Hadith 8485
اُردوEn
عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ إِنَّ آدَمَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ لَمَّا أَهْبَطَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِلَى الْأَرْضِ قَالَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ أَيْ رَبِّ أَتَجْعَلُ فِيهَا مَنْ يُفْسِدُ فِيهَا وَيَسْفِكُ الدِّمَاءَ وَنَحْنُ نُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِكَ وَنُقَدِّسُ لَكَ قَالَ إِنِّي أَعْلَمُ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ قَالُوا رَبَّنَا نَحْنُ أَطْوَعُ لَكَ مِنْ بَنِي آدَمَ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ هَلُمُّوا مَلَكَيْنِ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ حَتَّى يُهْبَطَ بِهِمَا إِلَى الْأَرْضِ فَنَنْظُرَ كَيْفَ يَعْمَلَانِ قَالُوا رَبَّنَا هَارُوتُ وَمَارُوتُ فَأُهْبِطَا إِلَى الْأَرْضِ وَمُثِّلَتْ لَهُمَا الزُّهْرَةُ امْرَأَةً مِنْ أَحْسَنِ الْبَشَرِ فَجَاءَتْهُمَا فَسَأَلَاهَا نَفْسَهَا فَقَالَتْ لَا وَاللَّهِ حَتَّى تَكَلَّمَا بِهَذِهِ الْكَلِمَةِ مِنَ الْإِشْرَاكِ فَقَالَا وَاللَّهِ لَا نُشْرِكُ بِاللَّهِ أَبَدًا فَذَهَبَتْ عَنْهُمَا ثُمَّ رَجَعَتْ بِصَبِيٍّ تَحْمِلُهُ فَسَأَلَاهَا نَفْسَهَا فَقَالَتْ لَا وَاللَّهِ حَتَّى تَقْتُلَا هَذَا الصَّبِيَّ فَقَالَا وَاللَّهِ لَا نَقْتُلُهُ أَبَدًا فَذَهَبَتْ ثُمَّ رَجَعَتْ بِقَدَحِ خَمْرٍ تَحْمِلُهُ فَسَأَلَاهَا نَفْسَهَا قَالَتْ لَا وَاللَّهِ حَتَّى تَشْرَبَا هَذَا الْخَمْرَ فَشَرِبَا فَسَكِرَا فَوَقَعَا عَلَيْهَا وَقَتَلَا الصَّبِيَّ فَلَمَّا أَفَاقَا قَالَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ وَاللَّهِ مَا تَرَكْتُمَا شَيْئًا مِمَّا أَبَيْتُمَاهُ عَلَيَّ إِلَّا قَدْ فَعَلْتُمَا حِينَ سَكِرْتُمَا فَخُيِّرَا بَيْنَ عَذَابِ الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ فَاخْتَارَا عَذَابَ الدُّنْيَا
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When Allah Almighty sent Adam (peace be upon him) down to the earth, the angels said: O our Lord! {أَ تَجْعَلُ فِیہَا مَنْ یُفْسِدُ فِیہَا وَیَسْفِکُ الدِّمَائَ، وَنَحْنُ نُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِکَ وَنُقَدِّسُ لَکَ قَالَ إِنِّی أَ عْلَمُ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ} ... Will You place upon this earth one who will cause corruption in it and shed blood, while we glorify You with praise and declare Your holiness? Allah said: I know that which you do not know. But the angels said: We are more obedient to You than the children of Adam. Allah Almighty said to the angels: Very well, then bring two angels so that We may send them down to the earth and see what they do. They said: O our Lord! These are Harut and Marut, two angels. So they were sent down to the earth, and the most beautiful woman was presented before them. Both of them approached her and demanded from her their desires, but she said: By Allah! You cannot come near me until you utter a word of shirk (associating partners with Allah). They said: We cannot associate partners with Allah Almighty. So she left, and then returned with a child. Again, they demanded their desires from her, but she said: You cannot come near me until you kill this child. They said: By Allah! We cannot kill him. She left, and next time she came with a cup of wine. When they again demanded their desires from her, she said: By Allah! I will not let you come near me until you drink this wine. When they drank the wine, (intoxicated) they committed adultery with the woman and killed the child as well. When they regained consciousness, the woman said: By Allah! In the state of intoxication, you have committed everything you previously refused. (As punishment for this crime) they were told to choose one of the punishments of this world or the Hereafter, and they chose the punishment of this world."
Brief Explanation
Benefits: … This hadith is indeed weak, however, the statement of the angels was not out of envy or objection, but rather for the purpose of understanding the reality and wisdom behind it. They asked: O Lord! What is the wisdom in creating this creature, when among them there will be some who will spread corruption and shed blood? If the purpose is Your worship, then we are present for this task, and we do not have those dangers which are expected in the new creation. Allah Ta’ala said: I know the overriding benefit (maslahah rajihah) because of which, despite the mentioned harms, I am creating them, which you do not know, for among them will be prophets, the righteous, martyrs, and the pious.
Harut and Marut are indeed two angels; their mention is present in Surah al-Baqarah, verse (102). Allah Ta’ala sent down the knowledge of magic upon them in Babylon so that they could inform people that the miracles manifested at the hands of the prophets and messengers are something different from magic, and that magic is what has been taught to us two angels by Allah Ta’ala. In that era, due to the prevalence of magic, people began to consider the noble prophets—Allah forbid—as magicians and tricksters. To save people from this misconception, and as a test, these angels were sent down.
Harut and Marut are indeed two angels; their mention is present in Surah al-Baqarah, verse (102). Allah Ta’ala sent down the knowledge of magic upon them in Babylon so that they could inform people that the miracles manifested at the hands of the prophets and messengers are something different from magic, and that magic is what has been taught to us two angels by Allah Ta’ala. In that era, due to the prevalence of magic, people began to consider the noble prophets—Allah forbid—as magicians and tricksters. To save people from this misconception, and as a test, these angels were sent down.
