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الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
أبواب كيفية نزول القرآنChapters on How the Qur'an Was Revealed
بَابُ آخِرِ مَا نَزَلَ مِنْ سُوَرِ الْقُرْآنِ وَآيَاتِهِChapter on the Last Surah and Verses Revealed from the Qur’an
Hadith 8447
اُردوEn
عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ قَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ إِنَّ آخِرَ مَا نَزَلَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ آيَةُ الرِّبَا وَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قُبِضَ وَلَمْ يُفَسِّرْهَا فَدَعُوا الرِّبَا وَالرِّيبَةَ
It is narrated from Saeed bin Musayyib, he says: Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The last verse of the Noble Qur'an to be revealed is the one concerning usury, but it happened that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away and he had not yet explained its interpretation, so leave usury as well as anything in which there is doubt of usury.
Brief Explanation
Benefits: … Further narrations regarding the portion revealed at the end of the Qur’an: Sayyiduna Ubayy ibn Ka‘b radi Allahu anhu stated that the last verse to be revealed was from Surah Tawbah, {لَقَدْ جَائَ کُمْ رَسُوْلٌ … }, see hadith number (8628), but this hadith is weak.
Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Abbas radi Allahu anhuma said: “The last surah to be revealed was {اِذَا جَائَ نَصْرُ اللّٰہِ وَالْفَتْحُ} … the last surah to be revealed was Surah Nasr.” (Sahih Muslim: 5349)
There are a total of four or five such narrations; what is the way to reconcile and harmonize them? Hafiz Suyuti, after mentioning several such reports in Al-Itqan fi ‘Ulum al-Qur’an, said: Along with these statements, the issue of the verse {اَلْیَوْمَ اَکْمَلْتُ لَکُمْ دِیْنَکُمْ} is also problematic, because this verse was revealed at the time of the Farewell Pilgrimage (Hajjat al-Wada‘) at ‘Arafah. Its apparent meaning is that by this point, all obligations and rulings had been completed, … whereas it is also established that the verses regarding usury, debt, and kalalah were revealed after this.
Qadi Abu Bakr said in Al-Intisar: These are statements (aqwal), not marfu‘ (directly attributed to the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) hadiths. Each Companion spoke in light of ijtihad (independent reasoning) and predominant assumption (zann ghalib) (regarding which surah or verse was revealed last). It is also possible that the objectives of those who made these statements were different; for example, the last verse related to a particular subject is such-and-such, the last complete surah to be revealed is such-and-such, the last verse is such-and-such. And Allah knows best.
Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Abbas radi Allahu anhuma said: “The last surah to be revealed was {اِذَا جَائَ نَصْرُ اللّٰہِ وَالْفَتْحُ} … the last surah to be revealed was Surah Nasr.” (Sahih Muslim: 5349)
There are a total of four or five such narrations; what is the way to reconcile and harmonize them? Hafiz Suyuti, after mentioning several such reports in Al-Itqan fi ‘Ulum al-Qur’an, said: Along with these statements, the issue of the verse {اَلْیَوْمَ اَکْمَلْتُ لَکُمْ دِیْنَکُمْ} is also problematic, because this verse was revealed at the time of the Farewell Pilgrimage (Hajjat al-Wada‘) at ‘Arafah. Its apparent meaning is that by this point, all obligations and rulings had been completed, … whereas it is also established that the verses regarding usury, debt, and kalalah were revealed after this.
Qadi Abu Bakr said in Al-Intisar: These are statements (aqwal), not marfu‘ (directly attributed to the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) hadiths. Each Companion spoke in light of ijtihad (independent reasoning) and predominant assumption (zann ghalib) (regarding which surah or verse was revealed last). It is also possible that the objectives of those who made these statements were different; for example, the last verse related to a particular subject is such-and-such, the last complete surah to be revealed is such-and-such, the last verse is such-and-such. And Allah knows best.
