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الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب الإيمان و الإسلامBook of Faith and Islam
بابٌ فِي أَرْكَانِ الإِسْلامِ وَدَعَائِمِهِ الْعِظَامِChapter on the pillars of Islam and its great supports
Hadith 83
اُردوEn
عَنِ السَّدُوسِيِّ يَعْنِي ابْنَ الْخَصَاصِيَّةِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِأُبَايِعَهُ فَاشْتَرَطَ عَلَيَّ شَهَادَةَ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَأَنْ أُقِيمَ الصَّلَاةَ وَأَنْ أُؤَدِّيَ الزَّكَاةَ وَأَنْ أَحُجَّ حَجَّةَ الْإِسْلَامِ وَأَنْ أَصُومَ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ وَأَنْ أُجَاهِدَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ! أَمَّا اثْنَتَانِ فَوَاللَّهِ مَا أُطِيقُهُمَا الْجِهَادُ وَالصَّدَقَةُ، فَإِنَّهُمْ زَعَمُوا أَنَّ مَنْ وَلَّى الدُّبُرَ فَقَدْ بَاءَ بِغَضَبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ فَأَخَافُ إِنْ حَضَرَتْ تِلْكَ جَشِعَتْ نَفْسِي وَكَرِهَتِ الْمَوْتَ، وَالصَّدَقَةُ فَوَاللَّهِ مَا لِي إِلَّا غُنَيْمَةٌ وَعَشْرُ ذَوْدٍ، هُنَّ رِسْلُ أَهْلِي وَحُمُولَتُهُمْ، قَالَ: فَقَبَضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ يَدَهُ ثُمَّ حَرَّكَ يَدَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ: ((فَلَا جِهَادَ وَلَا صَدَقَةَ فَلِمَ تَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ إِذًا؟)) قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ! أَنَا أُبَايِعُكَ، قَالَ: فَبَايَعْتُ عَلَيْهِنَّ كُلِّهِنَّ
Sayyiduna Ibn Khassasiyyah Sudusi (may Allah be pleased with him) says: I came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to pledge allegiance to him. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) placed these conditions upon me: “To bear witness that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah and that Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) is His servant and Messenger, to establish prayer, to pay zakat, to perform the obligatory Hajj, to fast in Ramadan, and to strive in the way of Allah.” I said: “O Messenger of Allah! As for these two things—jihad and zakat—I do not have the strength for them, because people say about jihad that whoever turns his back from there returns with the wrath of Allah, so I fear that perhaps my soul may become anxious in the battlefield and may begin to dislike death. As for zakat, by Allah, I have only a few goats and ten camels; these are the milk-giving and riding animals for my family.” Upon hearing this, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) closed his hand, moved it, and said: “If there is neither jihad nor zakat, then how will you enter Paradise?” I said: “O Messenger of Allah! Fine, I pledge allegiance to you,” then I pledged allegiance to him on all these matters.
Brief Explanation
Benefits: … There is no doubt that the Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam was endowed to the highest degree with wisdom, sagacity, and understanding of temperaments. On this occasion, the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam did not accept this man's condition of exempting himself from jihad and zakat, because the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam understood from this man's temperament that even if he was not granted exemption from these matters, he would still accept Islam. However, at the time of pledging allegiance (bay‘ah), it is also permissible, for the sake of benefit, to exempt certain matters of Islam, as is evident from the following hadith:
Abu Zubair says: I asked Sayyiduna Jabir radi Allahu anhu about the pledge of allegiance of the tribe of Thaqif. He said: "They stipulated to the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam that there would be no charity (sadaqah) upon them and no jihad." He (Jabir) said: "And Jabir informed me that the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: ((They will soon give charity and perform jihad when they become (true) Muslims.))" … This tribe, at the time of pledging allegiance, placed the condition upon the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam that there would be neither charity nor jihad upon them. The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: Soon, when they become (firm) Muslims, they will give charity and perform jihad. (Abu Dawud: 2/42, Sahihah: 1888)
This is a clear proof of the wisdom and sagacity of the Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam: if a tribe or an individual wishes to embrace Islam but is not prepared to accept one or two components or clauses of Islam, then wisdom dictates that, keeping in view the benefit of both parties, his conditions should be accepted with the hope that after some time, as his faith and conviction become firm, he will accept every component and clause of Islam. It is extremely necessary for the preachers of Islam to be wise and sagacious.
Abu Zubair says: I asked Sayyiduna Jabir radi Allahu anhu about the pledge of allegiance of the tribe of Thaqif. He said: "They stipulated to the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam that there would be no charity (sadaqah) upon them and no jihad." He (Jabir) said: "And Jabir informed me that the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: ((They will soon give charity and perform jihad when they become (true) Muslims.))" … This tribe, at the time of pledging allegiance, placed the condition upon the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam that there would be neither charity nor jihad upon them. The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: Soon, when they become (firm) Muslims, they will give charity and perform jihad. (Abu Dawud: 2/42, Sahihah: 1888)
This is a clear proof of the wisdom and sagacity of the Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam: if a tribe or an individual wishes to embrace Islam but is not prepared to accept one or two components or clauses of Islam, then wisdom dictates that, keeping in view the benefit of both parties, his conditions should be accepted with the hope that after some time, as his faith and conviction become firm, he will accept every component and clause of Islam. It is extremely necessary for the preachers of Islam to be wise and sagacious.
