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الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب اللعانBook of Li‘an (Mutual Cursing)
بابُ أَنَّ الْوَلَد لِلْفِرَاشِ دُونَ الزَّانِي وَمَا جَاءَ فِي الْحَاقِ الْوَلَدِ وَدَعْوَى النَّسَبِChapter: The Child Is for the Bed, Not for the Adulterer, and What Has Been Reported Regarding Attributing the Child and Claiming Lineage
Hadith 7215
اُردوEn
عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا اخْتَصَمَ عَبْدُ بْنُ زَمْعَةَ وَسَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي ابْنِ أَمَةِ زَمْعَةَ قَالَ عَبْدٌ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَخِي ابْنُ أَمَةِ أَبِي وُلِدَ عَلَى فِرَاشِهِ وَقَالَ سَعْدٌ أَوْصَانِي أَخِي إِذَا قَدِمْتَ مَكَّةَ فَانْظُرْ ابْنَ أَمَةِ زَمْعَةَ فَاقْبِضْهُ فَإِنَّهُ ابْنِي فَرَأَى النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ شَبَهًا بَيِّنًا بِعُتْبَةَ قَالَ هُوَ لَكَ (وَفِي لَفْظٍ هُوَ أَخُوكَ) يَا عَبْدُ الْوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ وَاحْتَجِبِي مِنْهُ يَا سَوْدَةُ
Lady Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates that regarding the son of Zam‘a’s slave woman, ‘Abd bin Zam‘a and Sa‘d bin Abi Waqqas (may Allah be pleased with him) disputed before the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him). ‘Abd bin Zam‘a said: O Messenger of Allah! This is my brother, because he is the son of my father’s slave woman and was born on his bed. Sayyiduna Sa‘d (may Allah be pleased with him) said: My brother, when I came to Mecca, told me that when you come to Mecca, look at the son of Zam‘a’s slave woman, he is my son. The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) saw the child’s resemblance to ‘Utbah, but he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: O ‘Abd! He is your brother, the child belongs to the one on whose bed he was born. Also, he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: O Sawdah! Observe veil from him.
Brief Explanation
Benefits: … The child over whom there was a dispute was born from Zam‘ah’s slave woman; in reality, he was from the illegitimate seed of ‘Utbah. In the pre-Islamic era of ignorance, children born as a result of fornication (zina) with slave women would be attributed to the fornicator who claimed them. Sa‘d radi Allahu anhu’s claim was based on this same pre-Islamic custom. However, Islam abolished this reprehensible practice, so now a child will not be attributed to the fornicator. If the woman’s husband or owner does not deny (paternity), then the child will be considered his son; if he does deny, then the child will be attributed to the mother who gave birth.
