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الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
أبواب الديةChapters on Blood Money
بَابُ جَامِعِ دِيَةِ النَّفْسِ وَأَعْضَائِهَا وَمَنَافِعِهَا وَمَا جَاءَ في الْخَطَأَ وَالْعَمَدِ وَشِبْهِ الْعَمَدِChapter: Comprehensive on Blood Money for Life, Limbs, and Benefits, and What Has Been Reported Regarding Mistake, Intentional, and Semi-Intentional Killing
Hadith 6580
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ ثَنَا أَبِي عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ فَذَكَرَ حَدِيثًا قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ وَذَكَرَ عَمْرُو بْنُ شُعَيْبِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَنْ قَتَلَ مُؤْمِنًا مُتَعَمِّدًا فَإِنَّهُ يُدْفَعُ إِلَى أَوْلِيَاءِ الْقَتِيلِ فَإِنْ شَاءُوا قَتَلُوا وَإِنْ شَاءُوا أَخَذُوا الدِّيَةَ وَهِيَ ثَلَاثُونَ حِقَّةً وَثَلَاثُونَ جَذَعَةً وَأَرْبَعُونَ خَلِفَةً فَذَلِكَ عَقْلُ الْعَمْدِ وَمَا صَالَحُوا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَهُوَ لَهُمْ وَذَلِكَ شَدِيدُ الْعَقْلِ وَعَقْلُ شِبْهِ الْعَمْدِ مُغَلَّظَةٌ مِثْلُ عَقْلِ الْعَمْدِ وَلَا يُقْتَلُ صَاحِبُهُ وَذَلِكَ أَنْ يَنْزَغَ الشَّيْطَانُ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ فَتَكُونَ دِمَاءٌ فِي غَيْرِ ضَغِينَةٍ وَلَا حَمْلِ سِلَاحٍ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ يَعْنِي مَنْ حَمَلَ عَلَيْنَا السِّلَاحَ فَلَيْسَ مِنَّا وَلَا رَصَدَ بِطَرِيقٍ فَمَنْ قُتِلَ عَلَى غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ فَهُوَ شِبْهُ الْعَمْدِ وَعَقْلُهُ مُغَلَّظَةٌ وَلَا يُقْتَلُ صَاحِبُهُ وَهُوَ بِالشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ وَلِلْحُرْمَةِ وَلِلْجَارِ وَمَنْ قُتِلَ خَطَأً فَدِيَتُهُ مِائَةٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ ثَلَاثُونَ ابْنَةُ مَخَاضٍ وَثَلَاثُونَ ابْنَةُ لَبُونٍ وَثَلَاثُونَ حِقَّةٌ وَعَشْرُ بَكَارَةٍ بَنِي لَبُونٍ ذُكُورٍ قَالَ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُقِيمُهَا عَلَى أَهْلِ الْقُرَى أَرْبَعَمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ أَوْ عِدْلَهَا مِنَ الْوَرِقِ وَكَانَ يُقِيمُهَا عَلَى أَثْمَانِ الْإِبِلِ فَإِذَا غَلَتْ رَفَعَ فِي قِيمَتِهَا وَإِذَا هَانَتْ نَقَصَ مِنْ قِيمَتِهَا عَلَى عَهْدِ الزَّمَانِ مَا كَانَ فَبَلَغَتْ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا بَيْنَ أَرْبَعِمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ إِلَى ثَمَانِمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ أَوْ عِدْلُهَا مِنَ الْوَرِقِ ثَمَانِيَةَ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ وَقَضَى أَنَّ مَنْ كَانَ عَقْلُهُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْبَقَرِ فِي الْبَقَرِ مِائَتَيْ بَقَرَةٍ وَقَضَى أَنَّ مَنْ كَانَ عَقْلُهُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الشَّاءِ فَأَلْفَيْ شَاةٍ وَقَضَى فِي الْأَنْفِ إِذَا جُدِعَ كُلُّهُ بِالْعَقْلِ كَامِلًا وَإِذَا جُدِعَتْ أَرْنَبَتُهُ فَنِصْفُ الْعَقْلِ وَقَضَى فِي الْعَيْنِ نِصْفَ الْعَقْلِ خَمْسِينَ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ أَوْ عِدْلَهَا ذَهَبًا أَوْ وَرِقًا أَوْ مِائَةَ بَقَرَةٍ أَوْ أَلْفَ شَاةٍ وَالرِّجْلِ نِصْفُ الْعَقْلِ وَالْيَدِ نِصْفُ الْعَقْلِ وَالْمَأْمُومَةِ ثُلُثُ الْعَقْلِ ثَلَاثٌ وَثَلَاثُونَ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ أَوْ قِيمَتُهَا مِنَ الذَّهَبِ أَوِ الْوَرِقِ أَوِ الْبَقَرِ أَوِ الشَّاءِ وَالْجَائِفَةِ ثُلُثُ الْعَقْلِ وَالْمُنَقِّلَةِ خَمْسَ عَشَرَةَ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ وَالْمُوَضِّحَةِ خَمْسٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ وَالْأَسْنَانُ خَمْسٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ
Narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Whoever commits intentional murder, he shall be handed over to the heirs of the slain; if they wish, they may kill him, or if they wish, they may take blood money. The details are: thirty Hiqqah camels, thirty Jadh’ah camels, and forty pregnant she-camels; this is the blood money for intentional murder. Also, whatever they agree upon in reconciliation will be for them. This is the most severe blood money. The blood money for quasi-intentional murder is also aggravated like that of intentional murder, but the killer in quasi-intentional murder will not be killed in retaliation. This is because Satan causes discord among people, and then killings occur without malice or weapons. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Whoever raises a weapon against us is not from among us. Nor is ambush set for such a killing. Any killing that occurs outside these cases is quasi-intentional, and its blood money is aggravated (severe). The killer in quasi-intentional murder will not be killed in retaliation; this ruling applies even if it is a sacred month, a sacred place, or a neighbor. Whoever is killed by mistake, his blood money is one hundred camels. The details are: thirty Bint Makhad camels, thirty Bint Labun camels, thirty Hiqqah camels, and ten male Ibn Labun camels. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to fix four hundred dinars or its equivalent in silver for the people of the town in exchange for this blood money. He (peace and blessings be upon him) would determine the amount of gold and silver according to the price of camels; when the price of camels increased, the amount of gold and silver would also be increased, and when their price decreased, the amount of cash would also be decreased. In the time of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), this price ranged from four hundred dinars to eight hundred dinars, or its equivalent in silver, eight thousand dirhams. Also, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) decided that whoever had to pay blood money in cows should give two hundred cows, and the owners of goats should give two thousand goats. When someone completely cuts off another’s nose, the full blood money, i.e., one hundred camels, will be due; and when someone cuts off the edge of the nose, half the blood money, i.e., fifty camels, will be due. Half the blood money is due for one eye, which is fifty camels, or their equivalent in gold or silver, or one hundred cows, or one thousand goats. The blood money for a foot is half, for one hand is half. The blood money for a ma’mumah (a wound reaching the brain) is one third of the full blood money, i.e., thirty-three camels, or their value in gold or silver, or cows or goats. The blood money for a wound reaching the abdomen is one third of the full blood money. The blood money for a broken bone is fifteen camels. The blood money for a wound exposing the bone is five camels, and the blood money for one tooth is five camels.
Brief Explanation
Benefits: … This hadith comprises several rulings regarding blood money (diyah). If it is studied repeatedly, all the rulings will become clear.
There are three types of killing:
(1) Intentional killing (qatl ‘amd): … This is a killing in which a legally responsible person (mukallaf) intends to kill someone with an instrument that is most likely to cause death, such as a gun, sword, or arrow, etc.
Only in this type of killing is retribution (qisas) applicable; otherwise, aggravated blood money (diyah mughallazah) will be taken, which is: thirty hiqqah camels, thirty jaz‘ah camels, and forty pregnant she-camels.
(2) Killing resembling intentional killing (qatl shibh al-‘amd): … In a fight or similar situation, there is no intention to kill, nor is a weapon used; rather, sticks or clubs, etc., are used, but someone dies as a result.
In this type of killing, there is no retribution (qisas), but the blood money will be as heavy as that for intentional killing.
(3) Accidental killing (qatl khata’): This is when the intention was to strike someone else, but another person was killed instead; for example, a shot was fired at game, but it hit a human being.
In this type of killing, there is no retribution (qisas), and the blood money will also be lighter, i.e., thirty bint makhad camels, thirty bint labun camels, thirty hiqqah camels, and ten ibn labun camels. Such a killer must also offer expiation (kaffarah) by freeing a male or female slave; if he does not have the means to free a slave, then he must fast for two consecutive months. See: Surah al-Nisa: verse number 92.
There are three types of killing:
(1) Intentional killing (qatl ‘amd): … This is a killing in which a legally responsible person (mukallaf) intends to kill someone with an instrument that is most likely to cause death, such as a gun, sword, or arrow, etc.
Only in this type of killing is retribution (qisas) applicable; otherwise, aggravated blood money (diyah mughallazah) will be taken, which is: thirty hiqqah camels, thirty jaz‘ah camels, and forty pregnant she-camels.
(2) Killing resembling intentional killing (qatl shibh al-‘amd): … In a fight or similar situation, there is no intention to kill, nor is a weapon used; rather, sticks or clubs, etc., are used, but someone dies as a result.
In this type of killing, there is no retribution (qisas), but the blood money will be as heavy as that for intentional killing.
(3) Accidental killing (qatl khata’): This is when the intention was to strike someone else, but another person was killed instead; for example, a shot was fired at game, but it hit a human being.
In this type of killing, there is no retribution (qisas), and the blood money will also be lighter, i.e., thirty bint makhad camels, thirty bint labun camels, thirty hiqqah camels, and ten ibn labun camels. Such a killer must also offer expiation (kaffarah) by freeing a male or female slave; if he does not have the means to free a slave, then he must fast for two consecutive months. See: Surah al-Nisa: verse number 92.
