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الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
مسائل الوصاياIssues of Bequests
بَاب جَوَازِ تَبَرُّعَاتِ الْمَرِيضِ مِنَ التَّلْثِ فَأَقَلَّ وَمَنْعِهِ مِنَ الرِّيَادَةِ عَلَيْهِChapter: Permissibility of a sick person donating up to a third, and prohibition of exceeding that
Hadith 6324
اُردوEn
عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ كُنْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ فَمَرِضْتُ مَرَضًا أَشْفَيْتُ عَلَى الْمَوْتِ فَعَادَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ لِي مَالًا كَثِيرًا وَلَيْسَ يَرِثُنِي إِلَّا ابْنَةٌ لِي أَفَأُوصِي بِثُلُثَيْ مَالِي قَالَ لَا قُلْتُ بِشَطْرِ مَالِي قَالَ لَا قُلْتُ بِثُلُثِ مَالِي قَالَ الثُّلُثُ وَالثُّلُثُ كَثِيرٌ إِنَّكَ يَا سَعْدُ أَنْ تَدَعَ وَرَثَتَكَ أَغْنِيَاءَ خَيْرٌ لَكَ مِنْ أَنْ تَدَعَهُمْ عَالَةً يَتَكَفَّفُونَ النَّاسَ إِنَّكَ يَا سَعْدُ لَنْ تُنْفِقَ نَفَقَةً تَبْتَغِي بِهَا وَجْهَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى إِلَّا أُجِرْتَ عَلَيْهَا حَتَّى اللُّقْمَةَ تَجْعَلُهَا فِي فِي امْرَأَتِكَ قَالَ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أُخَلَّفُ بَعْدَ أَصْحَابِي قَالَ إِنَّكَ لَنْ تَتَخَلَّفَ فَتَعْمَلَ عَمَلًا تَبْتَغِي بِهِ وَجْهَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى إِلَّا ازْدَدْتَ بِهِ دَرَجَةً وَرِفْعَةً وَلَعَلَّكَ تُخَلَّفُ حَتَّى يَنْفَعَ اللَّهُ بِكَ أَقْوَامًا وَيَضُرَّ بِكَ آخَرِينَ اللَّهُمَّ أَمْضِ لِأَصْحَابِي هِجْرَتَهُمْ وَلَا تَرُدَّهُمْ عَلَى أَعْقَابِهِمْ لَكِنَّ الْبَائِسَ سَعْدُ بْنُ خَوْلَةَ رَثَى لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَكَانَ مَاتَ بِمَكَّةَ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Sa’d bin Abi Waqqas (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: I was with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) at the time of the Farewell Pilgrimage. It happened that I became ill and it seemed that death was near. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came to visit me for my care. I said: O Messenger of Allah! I am a man with much wealth and only my one daughter will inherit from me, so should I not bequeath two-thirds of my wealth? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: No. I said: Should I bequeath half of my wealth? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: No. I said: A third of my wealth? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Yes, a third is fine, and even that is much. O Sa’d! If you leave your heirs wealthy, that is better than leaving them in such poverty that they go around asking people. O Sa’d! Whatever you spend seeking Allah’s pleasure, you will be rewarded for it, even the morsel you put in your wife’s mouth, you will be rewarded for that too. Sayyiduna Sa’d (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah! Will I remain in Mecca after my companions (because of this illness)? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: If you remain, and whatever deed you do seeking Allah’s pleasure, your ranks will be raised through it. It may be that you live on, so that Allah benefits some people through you and harms others. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed: O Allah! Complete the migration of my companions and do not turn them back on their heels, but poor Sa’d bin Khawlah. In fact, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) felt pity for Sayyiduna Sa’d (may Allah be pleased with him) because he had died in Mecca.
Brief Explanation
Benefits: … The prophecy of the Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam was fulfilled, and Sayyiduna Sa’d radi Allahu anhu recovered from this illness and lived such a long life that he participated in the conquest of Iraq and other lands. Because of him, many Muslims benefited in both religious and worldly matters, and many disbelievers suffered similar losses. At that time, he had only one daughter, but later Allah Ta’ala blessed him with many children. Hafiz Ibn Hajar rahimahullah has mentioned his nine sons and twelve daughters.
In any case, from this blessed hadith, the ruling is understood that a person does not have the authority to bequeath more than one third of his wealth. From the manner of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, it is evident that even the amount of one third is much; one should make a bequest of even less than this.
In any case, from this blessed hadith, the ruling is understood that a person does not have the authority to bequeath more than one third of his wealth. From the manner of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, it is evident that even the amount of one third is much; one should make a bequest of even less than this.
