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الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب الحوالة والضمانBook of Transfer of Debt and Guarantees
بابُ ضَمَانِ دَيْنِ الْمَيِّتِ الْمُفْلِسِChapter: Guaranteeing the debt of a bankrupt deceased person
Hadith 6068
اُردوEn
عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ تُوُفِّيَ رَجُلٌ مِنَّا فَأَتَيْنَا النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِيُصَلِّيَ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ هَلْ تَرَكَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ قَالُوا لَا وَاللَّهِ مَا تَرَكَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ قَالَ فَهَلْ تَرَكَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ دَيْنٍ قَالُوا نَعَمْ ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ دِرْهَمًا قَالَ فَهَلْ تَرَكَ لَهَا مِنْ قَضَاءٍ قَالُوا لَا وَاللَّهِ مَا تَرَكَ لَهَا مِنْ شَيْءٍ قَالَ فَصَلُّوا أَنْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ قَضَيْتُ عَنْهُ أَتُصَلِّي عَلَيْهِ قَالَ إِنْ قَضَيْتَ عَنْهُ بِالْوَفَاءِ صَلَّيْتُ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ فَذَهَبَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ فَقَضَى عَنْهُ فَقَالَ وَفَّيْتَ مَا عَلَيْهِ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَدَعَا بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him), he says: A man from among the Ansar passed away. We requested the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) to lead his funeral prayer, but the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: Did he leave behind any inheritance? The people replied: No, he did not leave anything. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: Was he in debt? The people replied: Yes, he owed eighteen dirhams. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: Did he leave anything for the repayment of this debt? The people replied: No, he did not leave anything. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Then you should perform his funeral prayer yourselves. Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah! Tell me, if I pay off his debt, will you then lead his funeral prayer? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: If you pay it in full, I will lead the funeral prayer. Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him) went and paid off the debt, then returned. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: Abu Qatadah! Have you paid it in full? He replied: Yes, I have paid it. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had the deceased brought and performed his funeral prayer.
Brief Explanation
Benefits: … In hadith number (6026), it has already been mentioned that as soon as Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah took responsibility for the debt and said to you, O Messenger of Allah! The debt of this deceased is upon me, upon hearing this, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) performed the funeral prayer. However, in this hadith, it is mentioned that before the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) led the funeral prayer, Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah (radi Allahu anhu) went and paid off the debt, and then the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) asked him whether the payment had been completed. When he replied in the affirmative, only then did the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) perform the funeral prayer.
The way to reconcile and harmonize these two narrations is that Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah (radi Allahu anhu) went to the creditor and took on the guarantee on behalf of the deceased, even though he had not actually paid the debt at that moment. Due to this guarantee, the deceased was absolved of liability, and the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) performed the funeral prayer. The hadith in the next chapter supports this interpretation and reconciliation.
The way to reconcile and harmonize these two narrations is that Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah (radi Allahu anhu) went to the creditor and took on the guarantee on behalf of the deceased, even though he had not actually paid the debt at that moment. Due to this guarantee, the deceased was absolved of liability, and the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) performed the funeral prayer. The hadith in the next chapter supports this interpretation and reconciliation.
