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الفتح الربانی
Fath al-Rabbani
كتاب السلم كتاب القرض والدينBook of Salam, Loans, and Debts
بَابُ تَقْدِيمِ الدِّيْنِ عَلَى الْوَصِيَّةِ وَاسْتِحْقَاقِ الْوَرَثَةِ وَإِنْ كَانُوا صِغَارًاChapter: Giving precedence to debt over bequest, and the entitlement of heirs even if they are minors
Hadith 6036
اُردوEn
عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ إِنَّكُمْ تَقْرَءُونَ مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصِي بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ وَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَضَى بِالدَّيْنِ قَبْلَ الْوَصِيَّةِ وَأَنَّ أَعْيَانَ بَنِي الْأُمِّ يَتَوَارَثُونَ دُونَ بَنِي الْعَلَّاتِ يَرِثُ الرَّجُلُ أَخَاهُ لِأَبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ دُونَ أَخِيهِ لِأَبِيهِ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) that he says: You recite this verse, "After the bequest made by the deceased and the payment of debts (distribute the inheritance)," but the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) decided that the debt should be paid before fulfilling the bequest. Also, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) commanded that full brothers (from both parents) will inherit, not half-brothers (from the father's side only); a person's full brother inherits, not the half-brother.
Brief Explanation
Benefits: … This narration is indeed weak, but the ruling is as stated. In fact, Hafiz Ibn Kathir said: There is consensus (ijma‘) among the scholars of the Salaf and the Khalaf that a debt (qard) will be given precedence over a bequest (wasiyyah). Among full brothers (from both parents) and consanguine brothers (from the same father), those with stronger kinship ties, i.e., the former, take precedence. Therefore, in any case where both types of brothers are present, the full brothers will exclude the consanguine brothers from inheritance.
